Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 2/2006

01-03-2006

Limitations of System Integration in Providing Employment Services for Persons with Mental Illness

Authors: Patricia Hanrahan, Ph.D., William Heiser, Amy E. Cooper, Gene Oulvey, Daniel J. Luchins

Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research | Issue 2/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

This study assessed the influence of service systems integration on employment outcomes for persons with mental illness. A survey was sent to all 125 key program staff that worked for community mental health treatment agencies or vocational rehabilitation agencies. The survey found that referral and employment rates were low; but that these rates were related to characteristics of the interagency systems integration. Community mental health staff referred 448 individuals for employment services. Staff from vocational rehabilitation agencies accepted only 26% of these referrals and found work for just 11%; 7% were employed six months later. Also, 39% of respondents reported that the linkage agreement between their agencies was never established. This study suggests the need for more effective strategies for integrating mental health treatment and vocational rehabilitation systems.
Literature
go back to reference Attkisson, C., Cook, J., Karno, M., Lehman, A., McGlashan, T.H., Meltzer, H.Y., O’Connor, M., Richardson, D., Rosenblatt, A., Wells, K., Williams, J., & Hohmann A.A. (1992). Clinical services research. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 561–626.PubMed Attkisson, C., Cook, J., Karno, M., Lehman, A., McGlashan, T.H., Meltzer, H.Y., O’Connor, M., Richardson, D., Rosenblatt, A., Wells, K., Williams, J., & Hohmann A.A. (1992). Clinical services research. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 561–626.PubMed
go back to reference Becker, D.R., Torrey, W.C., Toscano, R., Wyzik, P.F., & Fox, T.S. (1998). Building recovery-oriented services: Lessons from implementing Individual Placement and Support (IPS) in community mental health centers. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(1), 51–54. Becker, D.R., Torrey, W.C., Toscano, R., Wyzik, P.F., & Fox, T.S. (1998). Building recovery-oriented services: Lessons from implementing Individual Placement and Support (IPS) in community mental health centers. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(1), 51–54.
go back to reference Black, B.J.(1988). Work and Mental Illness: Transitions to Employment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Black, B.J.(1988). Work and Mental Illness: Transitions to Employment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
go back to reference Bond, G.R., Becker, D.R., Drake, R.E., Rapp, C.A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A.F., Bell, M.D., & Blyler, C.R. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52(3), 313–322.PubMedCrossRef Bond, G.R., Becker, D.R., Drake, R.E., Rapp, C.A., Meisler, N., Lehman, A.F., Bell, M.D., & Blyler, C.R. (2001). Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 52(3), 313–322.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bond, G.R., Drake, R.E., Mueser, K.T., & Becker, D.R. (1997). An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 48(3), 335–346.PubMed Bond, G.R., Drake, R.E., Mueser, K.T., & Becker, D.R. (1997). An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 48(3), 335–346.PubMed
go back to reference Bond, G.R., & Mcdonel. (1991). Vocational rehabilitation outcomes for persons with psychiatric disabilities: An update. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 1, 9–20. Bond, G.R., & Mcdonel. (1991). Vocational rehabilitation outcomes for persons with psychiatric disabilities: An update. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 1, 9–20.
go back to reference Cook, J.A., Lehman, A.E., Drake, R., et al. (2005). Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: A multisite randomized, controlled trial of supported employment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1946–1948.CrossRef Cook, J.A., Lehman, A.E., Drake, R., et al. (2005). Integration of psychiatric and vocational services: A multisite randomized, controlled trial of supported employment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1946–1948.CrossRef
go back to reference Cook, J.A., Pickett-Schenk, S.A., Grey, D., Banghart, M., Rosenheck, R.A., & Randolph, F. (2001.) Vocational outcomes among formerly homeless persons with severe mental illness in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1075 – 1080.PubMedCrossRef Cook, J.A., Pickett-Schenk, S.A., Grey, D., Banghart, M., Rosenheck, R.A., & Randolph, F. (2001.) Vocational outcomes among formerly homeless persons with severe mental illness in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1075 – 1080.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dellario, D.J. (1985). The relationship between mental health, vocational rehabilitation interagency functioning, and outcome of psychiatrically disabled patients. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 28, 167–170. Dellario, D.J. (1985). The relationship between mental health, vocational rehabilitation interagency functioning, and outcome of psychiatrically disabled patients. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 28, 167–170.
go back to reference Federal Register (1992, June 24). Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 (29 United States Code 706 (18)). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Federal Register (1992, June 24). Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 (29 United States Code 706 (18)). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
go back to reference Hursh, N.C., Rogers, E.S., & Anthony, W.A. (1988). Vocational evaluation with people who are psychiatrically disabled: Results of a national survey. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin, 21, 149–155. Hursh, N.C., Rogers, E.S., & Anthony, W.A. (1988). Vocational evaluation with people who are psychiatrically disabled: Results of a national survey. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Bulletin, 21, 149–155.
go back to reference Kasper, J.A., Steinwachs, D.M., & Skinner, E.A. (1992). Family perspectives in the service needs of people with serious and persistent mental illness: Part II: Needs for assistance and needs that go unmet. Innovations and Research, 1, 21–33. Kasper, J.A., Steinwachs, D.M., & Skinner, E.A. (1992). Family perspectives in the service needs of people with serious and persistent mental illness: Part II: Needs for assistance and needs that go unmet. Innovations and Research, 1, 21–33.
go back to reference Katz, L.J., & Geckle, M. (1990). A survey of perceptions and practice: Interagency collaboration and rehabilitation of persons with long-term mental illness. Rehabilitation Counseling June Bulletin, 33(4), 290–301. Katz, L.J., & Geckle, M. (1990). A survey of perceptions and practice: Interagency collaboration and rehabilitation of persons with long-term mental illness. Rehabilitation Counseling June Bulletin, 33(4), 290–301.
go back to reference Lehman, A. (1983). The well-being of chronic mental patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 373–396 Lehman, A. (1983). The well-being of chronic mental patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 373–396
go back to reference Lehman, A.F., & Steinwachs, D.M. (1998). Patterns of usual care for schizophrenia: Initial results from the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) Client Survey. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24(1), 11–20.PubMed Lehman, A.F., & Steinwachs, D.M. (1998). Patterns of usual care for schizophrenia: Initial results from the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) Client Survey. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24(1), 11–20.PubMed
go back to reference Mathews, J.W. (1979). Effects of Work Activity Program on Self-concept of Chronic Schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 358B (University Microfilms N. 816281–816298). Mathews, J.W. (1979). Effects of Work Activity Program on Self-concept of Chronic Schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 358B (University Microfilms N. 816281–816298).
go back to reference Mechanic, D. (2003). Policy challenges in improving mental health services: Some lessons from the past. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1227–1232.PubMedCrossRef Mechanic, D. (2003). Policy challenges in improving mental health services: Some lessons from the past. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1227–1232.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health in America. (Final Report). DHHS Pub. No. SMA-03-3832. Rockville, Maryland. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health in America. (Final Report). DHHS Pub. No. SMA-03-3832. Rockville, Maryland.
go back to reference O’Brien, A., Price, C., Burns, T., & Perkins, R. (2003) Improving the vocational status of patients with long-term mental illness: A randomized controlled trial of staff training. Community Mental Health Journal, 39(4), 333–347.PubMedCrossRef O’Brien, A., Price, C., Burns, T., & Perkins, R. (2003) Improving the vocational status of patients with long-term mental illness: A randomized controlled trial of staff training. Community Mental Health Journal, 39(4), 333–347.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Randolph, F., Goldman, H.H., Blasinsky, M., et al. (2002.) Overview of the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 967–969.PubMedCrossRef Randolph, F., Goldman, H.H., Blasinsky, M., et al. (2002.) Overview of the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 967–969.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rogers, E.S., Walsh, D., Masotta, L., & Danely, K. (1991). Massachusetts Survey of Client Preferences for Community Support Services (Final Report). Boston: Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation. Rogers, E.S., Walsh, D., Masotta, L., & Danely, K. (1991). Massachusetts Survey of Client Preferences for Community Support Services (Final Report). Boston: Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.
go back to reference Rosenheck, R.A., Lam, J., Morrissey, J.P., Calloway, M.S., Stolar, M., & Randolph, R. (2002.) Service systems integration and outcomes for mentally ill homeless persons in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 958–966.PubMedCrossRef Rosenheck, R.A., Lam, J., Morrissey, J.P., Calloway, M.S., Stolar, M., & Randolph, R. (2002.) Service systems integration and outcomes for mentally ill homeless persons in the ACCESS program. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 958–966.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference United States Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS. U.S. Public Health Service. Rockville Maryland. United States Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS. U.S. Public Health Service. Rockville Maryland.
Metadata
Title
Limitations of System Integration in Providing Employment Services for Persons with Mental Illness
Authors
Patricia Hanrahan, Ph.D.
William Heiser
Amy E. Cooper
Gene Oulvey
Daniel J. Luchins
Publication date
01-03-2006
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research / Issue 2/2006
Print ISSN: 0894-587X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3289
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-005-0026-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2006

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 2/2006 Go to the issue