Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Ageing 4/2017

01-12-2017 | Original Investigation

Prevalence and related factors of successful aging among Chinese rural elders living in nursing homes

Authors: Menglian Wu, Yang Yang, Dan Zhang, Yaoyao Sun, Hui Xie, Jie Zhang, Jihui Jia, Yonggang Su

Published in: European Journal of Ageing | Issue 4/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Few studies focus on the prevalence and related factors of successful aging (SA) among Chinese rural elders living in nursing homes. This study aims to make an operational definition of successful aging, estimate the prevalence of SA, and identify factors related to SA among Chinese rural elders living in nursing homes. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected by face-to-face interviews in five rural public nursing homes. A total of 205 elders aged 60 years and above were asked to answer a series of questions. Descriptive analysis, independent sample t tests, χ 2 tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to show the prevalence and related factors of SA. The prevalence of SA in this population is 17.6% based on a multidimensional construct composed of: few chronic diseases, good cognitive and physical functioning, good mental health, and active social engagement. The logistic regression results indicate that successful agers are more likely to be younger, married, resilient, and better off economically, whereas gender, education, and social support are not related to SA independently. This model accounts for 45.8% of the variance in SA. These results suggest some tentative recommendations for elders, relevant decision-makers or employees in nursing homes, and administrative bodies. More rigorous longitudinal design is necessary to investigate the causality of the related factors and SA.
Literature
go back to reference Barczak P, Kane N, Andrews S, Congdon AM, Clay JC, Betts T (1988) Patterns of psychiatric morbidity in a genito-urinary clinic. A validation of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD). Br J Psychiatry 152:698–700CrossRef Barczak P, Kane N, Andrews S, Congdon AM, Clay JC, Betts T (1988) Patterns of psychiatric morbidity in a genito-urinary clinic. A validation of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD). Br J Psychiatry 152:698–700CrossRef
go back to reference Blumenthal J, Burg M, Barefoot J, Williams R, Haney T, Zimet G (1987) Social support, type A behavior, and artery disease. Psychosom Med 49:331–340CrossRef Blumenthal J, Burg M, Barefoot J, Williams R, Haney T, Zimet G (1987) Social support, type A behavior, and artery disease. Psychosom Med 49:331–340CrossRef
go back to reference Bowling A, Iliffe S (2006) Which model of successful ageing should be used? Baseline findings from a British longitudinal survey of ageing. Age Ageing 35:607–614CrossRef Bowling A, Iliffe S (2006) Which model of successful ageing should be used? Baseline findings from a British longitudinal survey of ageing. Age Ageing 35:607–614CrossRef
go back to reference Brown SC, Mason CA, Spokane AR, Cruza-Guet MC, Lopez B, Szapocznik J (2009) The relationship of neighborhood climate to perceived social support and mental health in older Hispanic immigrants in Miami, Florida. J Aging Health 21:431–459CrossRef Brown SC, Mason CA, Spokane AR, Cruza-Guet MC, Lopez B, Szapocznik J (2009) The relationship of neighborhood climate to perceived social support and mental health in older Hispanic immigrants in Miami, Florida. J Aging Health 21:431–459CrossRef
go back to reference Cai J (2012) Aged care and management. Second Military Medical University Press, Shanghai Cai J (2012) Aged care and management. Second Military Medical University Press, Shanghai
go back to reference Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB (2007) Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress 20:1019–1028CrossRef Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB (2007) Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress 20:1019–1028CrossRef
go back to reference Chen P, Yu ES, Zhang M, Liu WT, Hill R, Katzman R (1995) ADL dependence and medical conditions in Chinese older persons: a population-based survey in Shanghai, China. J Am Geriatr Soc 43:378–383CrossRef Chen P, Yu ES, Zhang M, Liu WT, Hill R, Katzman R (1995) ADL dependence and medical conditions in Chinese older persons: a population-based survey in Shanghai, China. J Am Geriatr Soc 43:378–383CrossRef
go back to reference Cheung F, Wu AMS (2012) An investigation of predictors of successful aging in the workplace among Hong Kong Chinese older workers. Int Psychogeriatr 24:449–464CrossRef Cheung F, Wu AMS (2012) An investigation of predictors of successful aging in the workplace among Hong Kong Chinese older workers. Int Psychogeriatr 24:449–464CrossRef
go back to reference Chou K, Chi I (2002) Successful aging among the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old Chinese. Int J Aging Hum Dev 54:1–14CrossRef Chou K, Chi I (2002) Successful aging among the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old Chinese. Int J Aging Hum Dev 54:1–14CrossRef
go back to reference Da Canhota CMN, Piterman L (2001) Depressive disorders in elderly Chinese patients in Macau: a comparison of general practitioners’ consultations with a depression screening scale. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 35:336–344CrossRef Da Canhota CMN, Piterman L (2001) Depressive disorders in elderly Chinese patients in Macau: a comparison of general practitioners’ consultations with a depression screening scale. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 35:336–344CrossRef
go back to reference Dahany MM, Dramé M, Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Ciocan D, Kanagaratnam L et al (2014) Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years. Eur Geriatr Med 5:365–370CrossRef Dahany MM, Dramé M, Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Ciocan D, Kanagaratnam L et al (2014) Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years. Eur Geriatr Med 5:365–370CrossRef
go back to reference de Moraes JFD, de Azevedo E Souza VB (2005) Factors associated with the successful aging of the socially-active elderly in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 27:302–308CrossRef de Moraes JFD, de Azevedo E Souza VB (2005) Factors associated with the successful aging of the socially-active elderly in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 27:302–308CrossRef
go back to reference Depp CA, Jeste DV (2006) Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:6–20CrossRef Depp CA, Jeste DV (2006) Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:6–20CrossRef
go back to reference Dong X, Simon MA (2010) Health and aging in a Chinese population: urban and rural disparities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 10:85–93CrossRef Dong X, Simon MA (2010) Health and aging in a Chinese population: urban and rural disparities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 10:85–93CrossRef
go back to reference Engel GL (1977) The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science 196:129–136CrossRef Engel GL (1977) The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science 196:129–136CrossRef
go back to reference Evans RJ (2009) A comparison of rural and urban older adults in Iowa on specific markers of successful aging. J Gerontol Soc Work 52:423–438CrossRef Evans RJ (2009) A comparison of rural and urban older adults in Iowa on specific markers of successful aging. J Gerontol Soc Work 52:423–438CrossRef
go back to reference Feng D, Ji L, Xu L (2015a) Effect of subjective economic status on psychological distress among farmers and non-farmers of rural China. Aust J Rural Health 23:215–220CrossRef Feng D, Ji L, Xu L (2015a) Effect of subjective economic status on psychological distress among farmers and non-farmers of rural China. Aust J Rural Health 23:215–220CrossRef
go back to reference Feng Q, Son J, Zeng Y (2015b) Prevalence and correlates of successful ageing: a comparative study between China and South Korea. Eur J Ageing 12:83–94CrossRef Feng Q, Son J, Zeng Y (2015b) Prevalence and correlates of successful ageing: a comparative study between China and South Korea. Eur J Ageing 12:83–94CrossRef
go back to reference Ferraro KF, Shippee TP (2009) Aging and cumulative inequality: how does inequality get under the skin? Gerontologist 49:333–343CrossRef Ferraro KF, Shippee TP (2009) Aging and cumulative inequality: how does inequality get under the skin? Gerontologist 49:333–343CrossRef
go back to reference Fontes AP, Neri AL (2015) Resilience in aging: literature review. Ciên Saúde Colet 20:1475–1495CrossRef Fontes AP, Neri AL (2015) Resilience in aging: literature review. Ciên Saúde Colet 20:1475–1495CrossRef
go back to reference Gan P, Xie Y, Duan W, Deng Q, Yu X (2015) Rumination and loneliness independently predict six-month later depression symptoms among Chinese elderly in nursing homes. PLoS ONE 10:e137176 Gan P, Xie Y, Duan W, Deng Q, Yu X (2015) Rumination and loneliness independently predict six-month later depression symptoms among Chinese elderly in nursing homes. PLoS ONE 10:e137176
go back to reference Hamid TA, Momtaz YA, Ibrahim R (2012) Predictors and prevalence of successful aging among older Malaysians. Gerontology 58:366–370CrossRef Hamid TA, Momtaz YA, Ibrahim R (2012) Predictors and prevalence of successful aging among older Malaysians. Gerontology 58:366–370CrossRef
go back to reference Han S, Yun S (2015) Successful aging and the influencing factors in the Korean elderly: focused on family support. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 26:372–379CrossRef Han S, Yun S (2015) Successful aging and the influencing factors in the Korean elderly: focused on family support. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 26:372–379CrossRef
go back to reference Havighurst RJ (1958) The sociologic meaning of aging. Geriatrics 13:43–50 Havighurst RJ (1958) The sociologic meaning of aging. Geriatrics 13:43–50
go back to reference Hodge AM, English DR, Giles GG, Flicker L (2013) Social connectedness and predictors of successful ageing. Maturitas 75:361–366CrossRef Hodge AM, English DR, Giles GG, Flicker L (2013) Social connectedness and predictors of successful ageing. Maturitas 75:361–366CrossRef
go back to reference Jeste DV, Savla GN, Thompson WK, Vahia IV, Glorioso DK, Martin AVS et al (2013) Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression. Am J Psychiatry 170:188–196CrossRef Jeste DV, Savla GN, Thompson WK, Vahia IV, Glorioso DK, Martin AVS et al (2013) Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression. Am J Psychiatry 170:188–196CrossRef
go back to reference Jing H, Li J, Li H, Yang Y, Sun F, Han L et al (2014) A philosophical reflection on health care seeking behavior and an exploration into its correlation with social development. Med Philos 35:43–49 Jing H, Li J, Li H, Yang Y, Sun F, Han L et al (2014) A philosophical reflection on health care seeking behavior and an exploration into its correlation with social development. Med Philos 35:43–49
go back to reference Karasawa M, Curhan KB, Markus HR, Kitayama SS, Love GD, Radler BT et al (2011) Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: a comparison of Japan and the United States. Int J Aging Dev 73:73–98CrossRef Karasawa M, Curhan KB, Markus HR, Kitayama SS, Love GD, Radler BT et al (2011) Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: a comparison of Japan and the United States. Int J Aging Dev 73:73–98CrossRef
go back to reference Katzman R, Zhang M, Ouang-Ya-Qu Wang Z, Liu WT, Yu E et al (1988) A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination: impact of illiteracy in a Shanghai dementia survey. J Clin Epidemiol 41:971–978CrossRef Katzman R, Zhang M, Ouang-Ya-Qu Wang Z, Liu WT, Yu E et al (1988) A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination: impact of illiteracy in a Shanghai dementia survey. J Clin Epidemiol 41:971–978CrossRef
go back to reference Leung CM, Ho S, Kan CS, Hung CH, Chen CN (1993) Evaluation of the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: a cross-cultural perspective. Int J Psychosom 40:29–34 Leung CM, Ho S, Kan CS, Hung CH, Chen CN (1993) Evaluation of the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: a cross-cultural perspective. Int J Psychosom 40:29–34
go back to reference Li C, Wu W, Jin H, Zhang X, Xue H, He Y et al (2006) Successful aging in Shanghai, China: definition, distribution and related factors. Int Psychogeriatr 18:551CrossRef Li C, Wu W, Jin H, Zhang X, Xue H, He Y et al (2006) Successful aging in Shanghai, China: definition, distribution and related factors. Int Psychogeriatr 18:551CrossRef
go back to reference Li C, Chen M, Chang T, Chou H, Chen M (2015) Social support buffers the effect of self-esteem on quality of life of early-stage cervical cancer survivors in Taiwan. Eur J Oncol Nurs 19:486–494CrossRef Li C, Chen M, Chang T, Chou H, Chen M (2015) Social support buffers the effect of self-esteem on quality of life of early-stage cervical cancer survivors in Taiwan. Eur J Oncol Nurs 19:486–494CrossRef
go back to reference Lin P, Hsieh C, Cheng H, Tseng T, Su S (2016) Association between physical fitness and successful aging in Taiwanese older adults. PLoS ONE 11:e150389 Lin P, Hsieh C, Cheng H, Tseng T, Su S (2016) Association between physical fitness and successful aging in Taiwanese older adults. PLoS ONE 11:e150389
go back to reference Martinson M, Berridge C (2015) Successful aging and its discontents: a systematic review of the social gerontology literature. Gerontologist 55:58–69CrossRef Martinson M, Berridge C (2015) Successful aging and its discontents: a systematic review of the social gerontology literature. Gerontologist 55:58–69CrossRef
go back to reference Meng X, D’Arcy C (2014) Successful aging in Canada: prevalence and predictors from a population-based sample of older adults. Gerontology 60:65–72CrossRef Meng X, D’Arcy C (2014) Successful aging in Canada: prevalence and predictors from a population-based sample of older adults. Gerontology 60:65–72CrossRef
go back to reference Moonesar R, Sammy I, Nunes P, Paul J (2016) Social support in older people: lessons from a developing country. Qual Life Res 25:233–236CrossRef Moonesar R, Sammy I, Nunes P, Paul J (2016) Social support in older people: lessons from a developing country. Qual Life Res 25:233–236CrossRef
go back to reference Moore RC, Eyler LT, Mausbach BT, Zlatar ZZ, Thompson WK, Peavy G et al (2015) Complex interplay between health and successful aging: role of perceived stress, resilience, and social support. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:622–632CrossRef Moore RC, Eyler LT, Mausbach BT, Zlatar ZZ, Thompson WK, Peavy G et al (2015) Complex interplay between health and successful aging: role of perceived stress, resilience, and social support. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:622–632CrossRef
go back to reference Ng TP, Broekman BFP, Niti M, Gwee X, Kua EH (2009) Determinants of successful aging using a multidimensional definition among Chinese elderly in Singapore. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17:407–416CrossRef Ng TP, Broekman BFP, Niti M, Gwee X, Kua EH (2009) Determinants of successful aging using a multidimensional definition among Chinese elderly in Singapore. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17:407–416CrossRef
go back to reference Phelan EA, Anderson LA, LaCroix AZ, Larson EB (2004) Older adults’ views of “successful aging”—how do they compare with researchers’ definitions? J Am Geriatr Soc 52:211–216CrossRef Phelan EA, Anderson LA, LaCroix AZ, Larson EB (2004) Older adults’ views of “successful aging”—how do they compare with researchers’ definitions? J Am Geriatr Soc 52:211–216CrossRef
go back to reference Pruchno RA, Wilson-Genderson M, Cartwright F (2010) A two-factor model of successful aging. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 65B:671–679CrossRef Pruchno RA, Wilson-Genderson M, Cartwright F (2010) A two-factor model of successful aging. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 65B:671–679CrossRef
go back to reference Qu B, Li X, Liu J, Mao J (2012) Analysis of the current situation regarding the aging rural population in China and proposed countermeasures. Popul Health Manag 15:181–185CrossRef Qu B, Li X, Liu J, Mao J (2012) Analysis of the current situation regarding the aging rural population in China and proposed countermeasures. Popul Health Manag 15:181–185CrossRef
go back to reference Resnick B, Klinedinst NJ, Yerges-Armstrong L, Choi EY, Dorsey SG (2015) The impact of genetics on physical resilience and successful aging. J Aging Health 27:1084–1104CrossRef Resnick B, Klinedinst NJ, Yerges-Armstrong L, Choi EY, Dorsey SG (2015) The impact of genetics on physical resilience and successful aging. J Aging Health 27:1084–1104CrossRef
go back to reference Romo RD, Wallhagen MI, Yourman L, Yeung CC, Eng C, Micco G et al (2013) Perceptions of successful aging among diverse elders with late-life disability. Gerontologist 53:939–949CrossRef Romo RD, Wallhagen MI, Yourman L, Yeung CC, Eng C, Micco G et al (2013) Perceptions of successful aging among diverse elders with late-life disability. Gerontologist 53:939–949CrossRef
go back to reference Roos N, Havens B (1991) Predictors of successful aging: a twelve-year study of Manitoba elderly. Am J Public Health 81:63–68CrossRef Roos N, Havens B (1991) Predictors of successful aging: a twelve-year study of Manitoba elderly. Am J Public Health 81:63–68CrossRef
go back to reference Scali J, Gandubert C, Ritchie K, Soulier M, Ancelin M, Chaudieu I (2012) Measuring resilience in adult women using the 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): role of trauma exposure and anxiety disorders. PLoS ONE 7:e39879CrossRef Scali J, Gandubert C, Ritchie K, Soulier M, Ancelin M, Chaudieu I (2012) Measuring resilience in adult women using the 10-items Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): role of trauma exposure and anxiety disorders. PLoS ONE 7:e39879CrossRef
go back to reference Strawbridge WJ, Wallhagen MI, Cohen RD (2002) Successful aging and well-being: self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. Gerontologist 42:727–733CrossRef Strawbridge WJ, Wallhagen MI, Cohen RD (2002) Successful aging and well-being: self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. Gerontologist 42:727–733CrossRef
go back to reference Thoits PA (2010) Stress and health: major findings and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav 511:S41–S53CrossRef Thoits PA (2010) Stress and health: major findings and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav 511:S41–S53CrossRef
go back to reference Tian T, Chen Y, Zhu J, Liu P (2015) Effect of air pollution and rural-urban difference on mental health of the elderly in China. Iran J Public Health 44:1084–1094 Tian T, Chen Y, Zhu J, Liu P (2015) Effect of air pollution and rural-urban difference on mental health of the elderly in China. Iran J Public Health 44:1084–1094
go back to reference Tovel H, Carmel S (2014) Maintaining successful aging: the role of coping patterns and resources. J Happiness Stud 15:255–270CrossRef Tovel H, Carmel S (2014) Maintaining successful aging: the role of coping patterns and resources. J Happiness Stud 15:255–270CrossRef
go back to reference Underwood M, Lamb SE, Eldridge S, Sheehan B, Slowther A, Spencer A et al (2013) Exercise for depression in elderly residents of care homes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 382:41–49CrossRef Underwood M, Lamb SE, Eldridge S, Sheehan B, Slowther A, Spencer A et al (2013) Exercise for depression in elderly residents of care homes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 382:41–49CrossRef
go back to reference Wang G (2015) Attaches great importance to the problem of rural population aging too rapidly. Explor Free Views 12:28–30 Wang G (2015) Attaches great importance to the problem of rural population aging too rapidly. Explor Free Views 12:28–30
go back to reference Weir PL, Meisner BA, Baker J (2010) Successful aging across the years: does one model fit everyone? J Health Psychol 15:680–687CrossRef Weir PL, Meisner BA, Baker J (2010) Successful aging across the years: does one model fit everyone? J Health Psychol 15:680–687CrossRef
go back to reference Woodford HJ, George J (2007) Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a review of clinical methods. QJM 100:469–484CrossRef Woodford HJ, George J (2007) Cognitive assessment in the elderly: a review of clinical methods. QJM 100:469–484CrossRef
go back to reference Wu B, Mao Z, Xu Q (2008) Institutional care for elders in rural China. J Aging Soc Policy 20:218–239CrossRef Wu B, Mao Z, Xu Q (2008) Institutional care for elders in rural China. J Aging Soc Policy 20:218–239CrossRef
go back to reference Xie J, Chen Y, Jiang L, Wang S (2011) A comparative study on quality of life, loneliness and self-esteem of the aged in Shantou rest home and community. Chin J Clin Psychol 19:358–359 Xie J, Chen Y, Jiang L, Wang S (2011) A comparative study on quality of life, loneliness and self-esteem of the aged in Shantou rest home and community. Chin J Clin Psychol 19:358–359
go back to reference Yeung WJ, Xu Z (2012) Economic stress, quality of life, and mortality for the oldest-old in China. Soc Indic Res 108:131–152CrossRef Yeung WJ, Xu Z (2012) Economic stress, quality of life, and mortality for the oldest-old in China. Soc Indic Res 108:131–152CrossRef
go back to reference Yu P, Song X, Shi J, Mitnitski A, Tang Z, Fang X et al (2012) Frailty and survival of older Chinese adults in urban and rural areas: results from the Beijing longitudinal study of aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54:3–8CrossRef Yu P, Song X, Shi J, Mitnitski A, Tang Z, Fang X et al (2012) Frailty and survival of older Chinese adults in urban and rural areas: results from the Beijing longitudinal study of aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54:3–8CrossRef
go back to reference Zhang Y, Goza FW (2006) Who will care for the elderly in China? J Aging Stud 20:151–164CrossRef Zhang Y, Goza FW (2006) Who will care for the elderly in China? J Aging Stud 20:151–164CrossRef
go back to reference Zhang J, Li LW (2015) Provincial variation in marketization and successful aging in China: a multilevel analysis. J Popul Ageing 8:203–222CrossRef Zhang J, Li LW (2015) Provincial variation in marketization and successful aging in China: a multilevel analysis. J Popul Ageing 8:203–222CrossRef
go back to reference Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA (1990) Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess 55:610–617CrossRef Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA (1990) Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess 55:610–617CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Prevalence and related factors of successful aging among Chinese rural elders living in nursing homes
Authors
Menglian Wu
Yang Yang
Dan Zhang
Yaoyao Sun
Hui Xie
Jie Zhang
Jihui Jia
Yonggang Su
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
European Journal of Ageing / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1613-9372
Electronic ISSN: 1613-9380
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-017-0423-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

European Journal of Ageing 4/2017 Go to the issue