Application Programming Interface (API)
A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications [
158].
Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)
A document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of clinical documents for the purpose of exchange between healthcare providers and patients [
159].
Cross-Enterprise Document Reliable Interchange (XDR)
An IHE integration profile that provides document interchange using a reliable messaging system. This permits direct document interchange between EHRs, PHRs, and other healthcare IT systems in the absence of a document sharing infrastructure such as XDS Registry and Repositories [
160].
Cross-Enterprise Document Reliable Interchange of Images (XDR-I)
An IHE content profile for Imaging Document Object transmission using a point-to-point reliable messaging system specified Cross-Enterprise Document Reliable Interchange (XDR) [
161].
Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing (XDS)
An IHE integration profile that facilitates the registration, distribution, and access across health enterprises of patient electronic health records [
162].
Cross-Enterprise Document Sharing for Imaging (XDS-I)
An IHE integration profile that extends XDS to share images, diagnostic reports, and related information across a group of care sites [
163].
Cross-Enterprise Sharing of Scanned Documents (XDS-SD)
An IHE integration profile that associates structured, healthcare metadata with non-healthcare-specific document formats to maintain the integrity of the patient health record as managed by the source system [
164].
CSIDQ
A complete set of images of diagnostic quality [
19].
Diagnostically Acceptable Image Compression (DAIC)
The use of lossy compression schemes and parameters for which it has been determined that for a particular type of image and a particular family of diagnostics tasks, compression does not adversely affect performance [
114].
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM®)
The standard for the communication and management of medical imaging information and related data [
165].
DICOMweb™
A term applied to the family of RESTful DICOM services defined for sending, retrieving, and querying for medical images and related information [
166].
DNG
Adobe Digital Negative Format, a non-proprietary file format for storing camera raw files that can be used by a wide range of hardware and software vendors [
167].
EHR
An Electronic Healthcare Record is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports [
168].
EMPI
An Enterprise Master Patient Index is a database that is used across a healthcare organization to maintain consistent, accurate, and current demographic and essential medical data on the patients seen and managed within its various departments [
169].
EMR
An Electronic Medical Record is a digital version of a paper chart that contains all of a patient’s medical history from one practice; contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one provider’s office [
170].
Encounter-Based Workflow
Images are acquired during a clinic visit or procedure when image content acquisition is not considered the purpose of the visit [
5].
Enterprise Image Repository (EIR)
A standards-based DICOM and non-DICOM clinical image and video storage repository, with an index of the image and meta-information content, which is modality, modality vendor, specialty and service line, and viewer agnostic (adapted from [
3]).
Enterprise Imaging
A set of strategies, initiatives, and workflows implemented across a healthcare enterprise to consistently and optimally capture, index, manage, store, distribute, view, exchange, and analyze all clinical imaging and multimedia content to enhance the electronic health record [
3].
Enterprise Imaging Platform (EIP)
A standards-based, enterprise infrastructure to support departmental imaging workflows, which includes modality work list services, image archival, index, enterprise viewer application viewing within or outside the EHR, query and retrieval of imaging content from most departments, as well as image exchange capabilities (adapted from [
3]).
FHIR®
A set of Resources that represent granular clinical concepts. Designed for the web; the resources are based on simple XML or JSON structures, with an http-based RESTful protocol where each resource has predictable URL. Where possible, open internet standards are used for data representation [
171].
Imaging Object Change Management (IOCM)
An IHE integration profile that specifies how one actor communicates local changes applied on existing imaging objects to other actors that manage copies of the modified imaging objects in their own local systems. The supported changes include (1) object rejection due to quality or patient safety reasons, (2) correction of incorrect modality work list entry selection, and (3) expiration of objects due to data retention requirements. It defines how changes are captured and how to communicate these changes [
146].
Import Reconciliation Workflow (IRWF)
An IHE integration profile that manages importing images from CDs, hardcopy, etc. and reconciling identifiers to match local values [
17].
Interoperability
The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged [
172].
Metadata
Data that describes other data [
173]. In the context of imaging, it includes data that describes the pixel data (e.g., rows, columns) and data that describes the acquisition process (e.g., device, camera settings, date and time, location). In the context of medical imaging, it includes data that describes the patient (e.g., name, ID), workflow context (e.g., accession number), and clinical context (e.g., anatomy, functional conditions, observations, diagnosis).
Order-Based Workflow
Images are acquired as a result of an order placed in the managing information system [
5].
Patient Demographics Query (PDQ)
An IHE integration profile lets applications query a central patient information server and retrieve a patient’s demographic and visit information [
105].
Patient Identifier Cross-Referencing (PIX)
An IHE integration profile that supports the cross-referencing of patient identifiers from multiple Patient Identifier Domains by transmitting patient identity information from an identity source to the Patient Identifier Cross-reference Manager and providing the ability to access the list(s) of cross-referenced patient identifiers either via a query/response or via an update notification [
174].
Radiology Information System (RIS)
The core system for the electronic management of imaging departments. The major functions of the RIS can include patient scheduling, resource management, examination performance tracking, examination interpretation, results distribution, and procedure billing [
175].
Study
A collection of one or more series of medical images, presentation states, and/or SR documents that are logically related for the purpose of diagnosing a patient. A study may include composite instances that are created by a single modality, multiple modalities or by multiple devices of the same Modality [
176].
Vendor Neutral Archive (VNA)
A medical imaging technology in which images and documents (and potentially any file of clinical relevance) are stored (archived) in a standard format with a standard interface, such that they can be accessed in a vendor-neutral manner by other systems [
177].
Visible Light (VL) Imaging
Acquisition of images that are acquired by means of a camera or other sensors that are sensitive to visible or near-visible light [
178].
