Skip to main content
Top
Published in: The European Journal of Health Economics 3/2017

01-04-2017 | Original Paper

Long-term cost effectiveness of cardiac secondary prevention in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

Authors: Paddy Gillespie, Edel Murphy, Susan M. Smith, Margaret E. Cupples, Molly Byrne, Andrew W. Murphy

Published in: The European Journal of Health Economics | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

While cardiac secondary prevention in primary care is established practice, little is known about its long-term cost effectiveness. This study examines the cost effectiveness of a secondary prevention intervention in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland over 6 years. An economic evaluation, based on a cluster randomised controlled trial of 903 patients with heart disease, was conducted 4.5 years after the intervention ceased to be delivered. Patients originally randomised to the control received usual practice while those randomised to the intervention received a tailored care package over the 1.5-year delivery period. Data on healthcare costs and quality adjusted life expectancy were used to undertake incremental cost utility analysis. Multilevel regression was used to estimate mean cost effectiveness and uncertainty was examined using cost effectiveness acceptability curves. At 6 years, there was a divergence in the results across jurisdictions. While the probability of the intervention being cost effective in the Republic of Ireland was 0.434, 0.232, 0.180, 0.150, 0.115 and 0.098 at selected threshold values of €5000, €15,000, €20,000, €25,000, €35,000 and €45,000, respectively, all equivalent probabilities for Northern Ireland equalled 1.000. Our findings suggest that the intervention in its current format is likely to be more cost effective than usual general practice care in Northern Ireland, but this is not the case in the Republic of Ireland.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Buckley, B.S., Byrne, M.C., Smith, S.M.: Service organisation for the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3, CD006772 (2010). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006772.pub2 Buckley, B.S., Byrne, M.C., Smith, S.M.: Service organisation for the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3, CD006772 (2010). doi:10.​1002/​14651858.​CD006772.​pub2
2.
go back to reference Clark, A.M., Hartling, L., Vandermeer, B., McAlister, A.: Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 143, 659–672 (2005)CrossRefPubMed Clark, A.M., Hartling, L., Vandermeer, B., McAlister, A.: Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 143, 659–672 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference McAlister, F.A., Lawson, F.M., Teo, K.K., Armstrong, P.W.: Randomised trials of secondary prevention programmes in coronary heart disease: systematic review. Br. Med. J. 323, 957–962 (2001)CrossRef McAlister, F.A., Lawson, F.M., Teo, K.K., Armstrong, P.W.: Randomised trials of secondary prevention programmes in coronary heart disease: systematic review. Br. Med. J. 323, 957–962 (2001)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Smith, S., Byrne, M., Leathem, C., Byrne, M.C., The SPHERE Study: Secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: protocol of a randomised controlled trial of tailored practice and patient care plans with parallel qualitative, economic and policy analyses. [ISRCTN24081411]. Curr. Contr. Trials Cardiovasc. Med. 6, 11 (2005)CrossRef Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Smith, S., Byrne, M., Leathem, C., Byrne, M.C., The SPHERE Study: Secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: protocol of a randomised controlled trial of tailored practice and patient care plans with parallel qualitative, economic and policy analyses. [ISRCTN24081411]. Curr. Contr. Trials Cardiovasc. Med. 6, 11 (2005)CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Smith, S., Byrne, M., Byrne, M.C., Newell, J.: Secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: a cluster randomised controlled trial of tailored practice and patient care plans. Br. Med. J. 339, b4220 (2009)CrossRef Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Smith, S., Byrne, M., Byrne, M.C., Newell, J.: Secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: a cluster randomised controlled trial of tailored practice and patient care plans. Br. Med. J. 339, b4220 (2009)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Gillespie, P., O’Shea, E., Murphy, A.W., Smith, S.M., Byrne, M.C., Byrne, M., Cupples, ME.: The cost effectiveness of the SPHERE intervention for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care. 26(3), 263–271 (2010) Gillespie, P., O’Shea, E., Murphy, A.W., Smith, S.M., Byrne, M.C., Byrne, M., Cupples, ME.: The cost effectiveness of the SPHERE intervention for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care. 26(3), 263–271 (2010)
7.
go back to reference Gillespie, P., O’Shea, E., Murphy, A.W., Smith, S.M., Byrne, M.C., Byrne, M., Cupples, M.E.: Relative cost effectiveness of the SPHERE intervention in selected patient subgroups with existing coronary heart disease. Eur. J. Health Econ. 13(4), 429–443 (2011). doi:10.1007/s10198-011-034 PubMed Gillespie, P., O’Shea, E., Murphy, A.W., Smith, S.M., Byrne, M.C., Byrne, M., Cupples, M.E.: Relative cost effectiveness of the SPHERE intervention in selected patient subgroups with existing coronary heart disease. Eur. J. Health Econ. 13(4), 429–443 (2011). doi:10.​1007/​s10198-011-034 PubMed
8.
go back to reference Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Murphy, E., Newell, J., Scarrott, C., Vellinga, A., Gillespie, P., Byrne, M., Smith, S.M.: Six-year follow-up of the SPHERE RCT: secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice. Br. Med. J. Open. 5, e007807 (2015). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007807 Murphy, A.W., Cupples, M.E., Murphy, E., Newell, J., Scarrott, C., Vellinga, A., Gillespie, P., Byrne, M., Smith, S.M.: Six-year follow-up of the SPHERE RCT: secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice. Br. Med. J. Open. 5, e007807 (2015). doi:10.​1136/​bmjopen-2015-007807
10.
go back to reference Campbell, M.K., Elbourne, D.R., Altman, D.G.: CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. Br. Med. J. 328, 702–708 (2004)CrossRef Campbell, M.K., Elbourne, D.R., Altman, D.G.: CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. Br. Med. J. 328, 702–708 (2004)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Gomes, M., Ng, E.S.W., Grieve, R., Nixon, R., Carpenter, J., Thompson, S.G.: Developing appropriate methods for cost-effectiveness analysis of cluster randomized trials. Med. Decis. Making 32(2), 350–361 (2012)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gomes, M., Ng, E.S.W., Grieve, R., Nixon, R., Carpenter, J., Thompson, S.G.: Developing appropriate methods for cost-effectiveness analysis of cluster randomized trials. Med. Decis. Making 32(2), 350–361 (2012)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Ng, E.S., Diaz-Ordaz, K., Grieve, R., Nixon, R.M., Thompson, S.G., Carpenter, J.R.: Multilevel models for cost-effectiveness analyses that use cluster randomised trial data: an approach to model choice. Stat. Methods Med. Res. (2013). doi:10.1177/0962280213511719 Ng, E.S., Diaz-Ordaz, K., Grieve, R., Nixon, R.M., Thompson, S.G., Carpenter, J.R.: Multilevel models for cost-effectiveness analyses that use cluster randomised trial data: an approach to model choice. Stat. Methods Med. Res. (2013). doi:10.​1177/​0962280213511719​
13.
go back to reference Gomes, M., Grieve, R., Nixon, R., Ng, E.S., Carpenter, J., Thompson, S.G.: Methods for covariate adjustment in cost-effectiveness analysis that use cluster randomised trials. Health Econ. 21(9), 1101–1118 (2012)CrossRefPubMed Gomes, M., Grieve, R., Nixon, R., Ng, E.S., Carpenter, J., Thompson, S.G.: Methods for covariate adjustment in cost-effectiveness analysis that use cluster randomised trials. Health Econ. 21(9), 1101–1118 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Gomes, M., Díaz-Ordaz, K., Grieve, R., Kenward, M.: Multiple imputation methods for handling missing data in cost-effectiveness analyses that use data from hierarchical studies an application to cluster randomized trials. Med. Decis. Making 33(8), 1051–1063 (2013)CrossRefPubMed Gomes, M., Díaz-Ordaz, K., Grieve, R., Kenward, M.: Multiple imputation methods for handling missing data in cost-effectiveness analyses that use data from hierarchical studies an application to cluster randomized trials. Med. Decis. Making 33(8), 1051–1063 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Ng, E.S., Grieve, R., Carpenter, J.: Two-stage non-parametric bootstrap sampling with shrinkage correction for clustered data. Stata J. 13(1), 141–164 (2013) Ng, E.S., Grieve, R., Carpenter, J.: Two-stage non-parametric bootstrap sampling with shrinkage correction for clustered data. Stata J. 13(1), 141–164 (2013)
16.
go back to reference Fenwick, E., Byford, S.: A guide to cost effectiveness acceptability curves. Br. J. Psychiatry 187, 106–108 (2005)CrossRefPubMed Fenwick, E., Byford, S.: A guide to cost effectiveness acceptability curves. Br. J. Psychiatry 187, 106–108 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Rubin, D.: Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Wiley, Chichester (1987)CrossRef Rubin, D.: Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. Wiley, Chichester (1987)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Glick, H.A., Doshi, J.A., Sonnad, S.S., Polsky, D.: Economic evaluation in clinical trials. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007) Glick, H.A., Doshi, J.A., Sonnad, S.S., Polsky, D.: Economic evaluation in clinical trials. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007)
19.
go back to reference Drummond, M.F., Sculpher, M.J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G.L., Torrance, G.W.: Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015) Drummond, M.F., Sculpher, M.J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G.L., Torrance, G.W.: Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015)
20.
go back to reference Orenstein, D., Kaplan, R.: Measuring the quality of well-being in cystic fibrosis and lung transplantation: the importance of the area under the curve. Chest 100, 1016–1018 (1991)CrossRefPubMed Orenstein, D., Kaplan, R.: Measuring the quality of well-being in cystic fibrosis and lung transplantation: the importance of the area under the curve. Chest 100, 1016–1018 (1991)CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Brazier, J.E., Roberts, J.: Estimating a preference-based index from the SF-12. Med. Care 42(9), 851–859 (2004)CrossRefPubMed Brazier, J.E., Roberts, J.: Estimating a preference-based index from the SF-12. Med. Care 42(9), 851–859 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., Keller, S.D.: A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med. Care 34, 220–233 (1996)CrossRefPubMed Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., Keller, S.D.: A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med. Care 34, 220–233 (1996)CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Fenwick, E., O’Brien, B.J., Briggs, A.: Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves—facts, fallacies and frequently asked questions. Health Econ. 13, 405–415 (2004)CrossRefPubMed Fenwick, E., O’Brien, B.J., Briggs, A.: Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves—facts, fallacies and frequently asked questions. Health Econ. 13, 405–415 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference O’Neill, C., Normand, C., Cupples, M., McKnight, A.: Cost effectiveness of personal health education in primary care for people with angina in the Greater Belfast area of Northern Ireland. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 50, 538–540 (1996)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral O’Neill, C., Normand, C., Cupples, M., McKnight, A.: Cost effectiveness of personal health education in primary care for people with angina in the Greater Belfast area of Northern Ireland. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 50, 538–540 (1996)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Raftery, J.P., et al.: Cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. Br. Med. J. 330(7493), 707 (2005)CrossRef Raftery, J.P., et al.: Cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. Br. Med. J. 330(7493), 707 (2005)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Turner, D.A., Paul, S.K., Stone, M., Juarez-Garcia, A., Squire, I., Khunti, K.: Cost-effectiveness of a disease management programme for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and heart failure in primary care. Heart 94, 1601–1606 (2008)CrossRefPubMed Turner, D.A., Paul, S.K., Stone, M., Juarez-Garcia, A., Squire, I., Khunti, K.: Cost-effectiveness of a disease management programme for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and heart failure in primary care. Heart 94, 1601–1606 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Johnston, K., Gray, A., Moher, M., Yudkin, P., Wright, L., Mant, D.: Reporting the cost-effectiveness of interventions with nonsignificant effect differences: example from the a trial of secondary prevention of heart disease. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 19(3), 476–489 (2003)CrossRefPubMed Johnston, K., Gray, A., Moher, M., Yudkin, P., Wright, L., Mant, D.: Reporting the cost-effectiveness of interventions with nonsignificant effect differences: example from the a trial of secondary prevention of heart disease. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 19(3), 476–489 (2003)CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Diaz-Ordaz K, Kenward MG, Grieve R. Handling missing values in cost-effectiveness analyses that use data from cluster randomised trials. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A. 177, 457–474. (2012) doi:10.1111/rssa.12016 Diaz-Ordaz K, Kenward MG, Grieve R. Handling missing values in cost-effectiveness analyses that use data from cluster randomised trials. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A. 177, 457–474. (2012) doi:10.​1111/​rssa.​12016
30.
go back to reference Netten A, Curtis J (2006) Unit costs of health and social care. Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury Netten A, Curtis J (2006) Unit costs of health and social care. Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury
Metadata
Title
Long-term cost effectiveness of cardiac secondary prevention in primary care in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Authors
Paddy Gillespie
Edel Murphy
Susan M. Smith
Margaret E. Cupples
Molly Byrne
Andrew W. Murphy
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
The European Journal of Health Economics / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1618-7598
Electronic ISSN: 1618-7601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-016-0777-2

Other articles of this Issue 3/2017

The European Journal of Health Economics 3/2017 Go to the issue