Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2/2014

Open Access 01-06-2014 | Review Article

Rotatory instability of the knee after ACL tear and reconstruction

Authors: Andrea Ferretti, Edoardo Monaco, Antonio Vadalà

Published in: Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology | Issue 2/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Although ACL reconstructions provide satisfactory clinical results nowadays, regardless of the type of graft or the surgical technique used (out-in vs in-out or single- vs double-bundle), the residual rotatory instability which is often detected at clinical follow-ups is still a matter of concern among surgeons. In this paper we try to analyze all the aspects which might contribute to this phenomenon by summarizing the biomechanical functions of the two bundles of the ACL, and by evaluating all the other factors strictly related to the rotatory instability of a reconstructed knee, such as the anatomical positioning of the single- or double-bundle new ACL, or the importance of a valid lateral compartment (LCL, ALTFL). Clinical, biomechanical and cadaver studies are discussed in order to contribute to better understanding of the origin of post-operative residual rotatory instability.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Leys T, Salmon L, Waller A, Linklater J, Pinczewski L (2012) Clinical results and risk factors for reinjury 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study of hamstring and patellar tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med 40(3):595–605. doi:10.1177/0363546511430375 Epub2011Dec19PubMedCrossRef Leys T, Salmon L, Waller A, Linklater J, Pinczewski L (2012) Clinical results and risk factors for reinjury 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study of hamstring and patellar tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med 40(3):595–605. doi:10.​1177/​0363546511430375​ Epub2011Dec19PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
go back to reference Yagi M, Kuroda R, Nagamune K, Yoshiya S, Kurosaka M (2007) Double-bundle ACL reconstruction can improve rotational stability. Clin Orthop Relat Res 454:100–107PubMedCrossRef Yagi M, Kuroda R, Nagamune K, Yoshiya S, Kurosaka M (2007) Double-bundle ACL reconstruction can improve rotational stability. Clin Orthop Relat Res 454:100–107PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Moghaddam AB, Torkaman A (2013) A cadaver study of the structures and positions of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans. Int J Prev Med 4(Suppl 1):S85–S91PubMedCentralPubMed Moghaddam AB, Torkaman A (2013) A cadaver study of the structures and positions of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans. Int J Prev Med 4(Suppl 1):S85–S91PubMedCentralPubMed
6.
go back to reference MacInotosh DL (1974) The anterior cruciate ligament over the top repair. AAOS Annu Meet, Dallas MacInotosh DL (1974) The anterior cruciate ligament over the top repair. AAOS Annu Meet, Dallas
7.
go back to reference Ferretti M, Ekdahl M, Shen W, Fu FH (2007) Osseous landmarks of the femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament: an anatomic study. Arthroscopy 23(11):1218–1225PubMedCrossRef Ferretti M, Ekdahl M, Shen W, Fu FH (2007) Osseous landmarks of the femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament: an anatomic study. Arthroscopy 23(11):1218–1225PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Hutchinson MR, Ash SA (2003) Resident’s ridge: assessing the cortical thickness of the lateral wall and roof of the intercondylar notch. Arthroscopy 19(9):931–935PubMedCrossRef Hutchinson MR, Ash SA (2003) Resident’s ridge: assessing the cortical thickness of the lateral wall and roof of the intercondylar notch. Arthroscopy 19(9):931–935PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Kopf S, Musahl V, Tashman S, Szczodry M, Shen W, Fu FH (2009) A systematic review of the femoral origin and tibial insertion morphology of the ACL. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(3):213–219 Epub 2009 Jan 13PubMedCrossRef Kopf S, Musahl V, Tashman S, Szczodry M, Shen W, Fu FH (2009) A systematic review of the femoral origin and tibial insertion morphology of the ACL. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(3):213–219 Epub 2009 Jan 13PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kocher MS, Steadman JR, Briggs KK et al (2004) Relationships between objective assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32(3):629–634PubMedCrossRef Kocher MS, Steadman JR, Briggs KK et al (2004) Relationships between objective assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32(3):629–634PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Diermann N, Schumacher T, Schanz S et al (2009) Rotational instability of the knee: internal tibial rotation under a simulated pivot shift test. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 129(3):353–358PubMedCrossRef Diermann N, Schumacher T, Schanz S et al (2009) Rotational instability of the knee: internal tibial rotation under a simulated pivot shift test. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 129(3):353–358PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Nagamune K et al (2007) In vivo measurement of the pivot-shift test in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee using an electromagnetic device. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1098–1104PubMedCrossRef Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Nagamune K et al (2007) In vivo measurement of the pivot-shift test in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee using an electromagnetic device. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1098–1104PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Lee SH, Jung YB, Jung HJ et al (2010) Combined reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability with anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(9):1219–1225PubMedCrossRef Lee SH, Jung YB, Jung HJ et al (2010) Combined reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability with anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(9):1219–1225PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Izawa T, Okazaki K, Tashiro Y et al (2011) Comparison of rotatory stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between single-bundle and double-bundle techniques. Am J Sports Med 39(7):1470–1477PubMedCrossRef Izawa T, Okazaki K, Tashiro Y et al (2011) Comparison of rotatory stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between single-bundle and double-bundle techniques. Am J Sports Med 39(7):1470–1477PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Colombet P, Robinson J, Christel P et al (2007) Using navigation to measure rotation kinematics during ACL reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 454:59–65PubMedCrossRef Colombet P, Robinson J, Christel P et al (2007) Using navigation to measure rotation kinematics during ACL reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 454:59–65PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Pearle AD, Kendoff D, Musahl V et al (2009) The pivot-shift phenomenon during computer-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(Suppl 1):115–118PubMedCrossRef Pearle AD, Kendoff D, Musahl V et al (2009) The pivot-shift phenomenon during computer-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(Suppl 1):115–118PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Pearle AD, Solomon DJ, Wanich T et al (2007) Reliability of navigated knee stability examination: a cadaveric evaluation. Am J Sports Med 35:1315–1320PubMedCrossRef Pearle AD, Solomon DJ, Wanich T et al (2007) Reliability of navigated knee stability examination: a cadaveric evaluation. Am J Sports Med 35:1315–1320PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Monaco E, Ferretti A, Labianca L, Maestri B, Speranza A, Kelly MJ, D'Arrigo C (2012) Navigated knee kinematics after cutting of the ACL and its secondary restraint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20(5):870–877. doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1640-8 Monaco E, Ferretti A, Labianca L, Maestri B, Speranza A, Kelly MJ, D'Arrigo C (2012) Navigated knee kinematics after cutting of the ACL and its secondary restraint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 20(5):870–877. doi:10.​1007/​s00167-011-1640-8
19.
go back to reference Hughston JC, Andrews JR, Cross MJ et al (1976) Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part II. The lateral compartment. J Bone Jt Surg Am 58(2):173–179 Hughston JC, Andrews JR, Cross MJ et al (1976) Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part II. The lateral compartment. J Bone Jt Surg Am 58(2):173–179
20.
go back to reference Mueller W (1983) The knee: form, function, and ligament reconstruction. Springer-Verlag; 1 edn. Mueller W (1983) The knee: form, function, and ligament reconstruction. Springer-Verlag; 1 edn.
21.
go back to reference Feagin JA. The crucial ligaments. Churchill Livingstone Feagin JA. The crucial ligaments. Churchill Livingstone
22.
go back to reference Musahl V, Citak M, O’Loughlin PF et al (2010) The effect of medial versus lateral meniscectomy on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 38(8):1591–1597PubMedCrossRef Musahl V, Citak M, O’Loughlin PF et al (2010) The effect of medial versus lateral meniscectomy on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 38(8):1591–1597PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Woo SL, Kanamori A, Zeminski J et al (2002) The effectiveness of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstrings and patellar tendon. A cadaveric study comparing anterior tibial and rotational loads. J Bone Jt Surg Am 84(A(6)):907–914 Woo SL, Kanamori A, Zeminski J et al (2002) The effectiveness of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstrings and patellar tendon. A cadaveric study comparing anterior tibial and rotational loads. J Bone Jt Surg Am 84(A(6)):907–914
25.
go back to reference Zantop T, Herbort M, Raschke MJ et al (2007) The Role of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament in anterior tibial translation and internal rotation. Am. J. Sports Med 35:223–227PubMedCrossRef Zantop T, Herbort M, Raschke MJ et al (2007) The Role of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament in anterior tibial translation and internal rotation. Am. J. Sports Med 35:223–227PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Georgoulis AD, Papadonikolakis A, Papageorgiou CD et al (2003) Three-dimensional tibiofemoral kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and reconstructed knee during walking. Am J Sports Med 31:75–79PubMed Georgoulis AD, Papadonikolakis A, Papageorgiou CD et al (2003) Three-dimensional tibiofemoral kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and reconstructed knee during walking. Am J Sports Med 31:75–79PubMed
27.
go back to reference Tashman S, Collon D, Anderson K et al (2004) Abnormal rotational knee motion during running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32:975–983PubMedCrossRef Tashman S, Collon D, Anderson K et al (2004) Abnormal rotational knee motion during running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 32:975–983PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Robinson J, Carrat L, Granchi C et al (2007) Influence of anterior cruciate ligament bundles on knee kinematics: clinical assessment using computer-assisted navigation. Am J Sports Med 35(12):2006–2013PubMedCrossRef Robinson J, Carrat L, Granchi C et al (2007) Influence of anterior cruciate ligament bundles on knee kinematics: clinical assessment using computer-assisted navigation. Am J Sports Med 35(12):2006–2013PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Ferretti A, Monaco E, Labianca L et al (2009) Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A comprehensive kinematic study using navigation. Am J Sports Med 378:1547–1553 Ferretti A, Monaco E, Labianca L et al (2009) Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A comprehensive kinematic study using navigation. Am J Sports Med 378:1547–1553
30.
go back to reference Engebretsen L, Lew WD, Lewis JL et al (1990) The effect of iliotibial tenodesis on intra-articular graft forces and knee joint motion. Am J Sports Med 18:169–176PubMedCrossRef Engebretsen L, Lew WD, Lewis JL et al (1990) The effect of iliotibial tenodesis on intra-articular graft forces and knee joint motion. Am J Sports Med 18:169–176PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Carson WG Jr (1988) The role of lateral extra-articular procedures for anterolateral rotatory instability. Clin Sports Med 7(4):751–772PubMed Carson WG Jr (1988) The role of lateral extra-articular procedures for anterolateral rotatory instability. Clin Sports Med 7(4):751–772PubMed
32.
go back to reference Monaco E, Labianca L, Ferretti A et al (2007) Double bundle or single bundle plus extra-articular tenodesis in ACL reconstruction? A CAOS study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15:1168–1174PubMedCrossRef Monaco E, Labianca L, Ferretti A et al (2007) Double bundle or single bundle plus extra-articular tenodesis in ACL reconstruction? A CAOS study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 15:1168–1174PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Colombet P (2011) Knee laxity control in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction versus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and lateral tenodesis: clinical assessment using computer-assisted navigation. Am J Sports Med 39(6):1248–1254PubMedCrossRef Colombet P (2011) Knee laxity control in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction versus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and lateral tenodesis: clinical assessment using computer-assisted navigation. Am J Sports Med 39(6):1248–1254PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Zaffagnini F, Marcacci M, Lo Presti M et al (2006) Prospective and randomized evaluation of ACL reconstruction with three techniques: a clinical and radiographic evaluation at 5 years follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14:1060–1069PubMedCrossRef Zaffagnini F, Marcacci M, Lo Presti M et al (2006) Prospective and randomized evaluation of ACL reconstruction with three techniques: a clinical and radiographic evaluation at 5 years follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14:1060–1069PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Rotatory instability of the knee after ACL tear and reconstruction
Authors
Andrea Ferretti
Edoardo Monaco
Antonio Vadalà
Publication date
01-06-2014
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology / Issue 2/2014
Print ISSN: 1590-9921
Electronic ISSN: 1590-9999
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-013-0254-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2014

Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2/2014 Go to the issue