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Neurosurgical Review
Published in: Neurosurgical Review 4/2020

01-08-2020 | Multiple Sclerosis | Review

Current understanding of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system

Authors: Ryota Tamura, Kazunari Yoshida, Masahiro Toda

Published in: Neurosurgical Review | Issue 4/2020

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Abstract

Lymphangiogenesis is associated with some pathological conditions such as inflammation, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Recently, a paradigm shift occurred following the discovery of meningeal lymphatic structures in the human central nervous system (CNS); these structures may be a key drainage route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the peripheral blood and may also contribute to inflammatory reaction and immune surveillance of the CNS. Lymphatic vessels located along the dural sinuses absorb CSF from the adjacent subarachnoid space and brain interstitial fluid via the glymphatic system, which is composed of aquaporin-4 water channels expressed on perivascular astrocytic end-feet membranes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly visualized these lymphatic vessels in the human dura mater. The conception of some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease, has been changed by this paradigm shift. Meningeal lymphatic vessels could be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neurological disorders. However, the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in the pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated and is the subject of future investigations. In this article, to understand the involvement of meningeal lymphatic vessels in neurological disorders, we review the differences between lymphangiogenesis in the CNS and in other tissues during both developmental and adulthood stages, and pathological conditions that may be associated with meningeal lymphatic vessels in the CNS.
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Metadata
Title
Current understanding of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system
Authors
Ryota Tamura
Kazunari Yoshida
Masahiro Toda
Publication date
01-08-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Neurosurgical Review / Issue 4/2020
Print ISSN: 0344-5607
Electronic ISSN: 1437-2320
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-019-01133-0

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