Top

Published in:

01-04-2015 | Original Article

The action of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins and on the functional fitness of elderly rats subjected to aerobic training

Authors: Eliane Martins Amadio, Andrey Jorge Serra, Simone A. Guaraldo, José Antônio Silva Jr, Ednei Luis Antônio, Flávio Silva, Leslie Andrews Portes, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho

Published in: Lasers in Medical Science | Issue 3/2015

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT), when used in conjunction with aerobic training, interferes with the expression of inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α, thereby influencing the performance of old rats participating in swimming. A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used for this study: 24 aged rats, and 6 young rats. The older animals were randomly divided into four groups designated as follows: aged-control, aged-exercise, aged-LLLT, aged-LLLT/exercise group, and young-control animals. Aerobic capacity (VO₂max) was analyzed before and after training period. The aged-exercise and aged-LLLT/exercise groups were trained for 6 weeks. LLLT laser was applied before each training session with 808 nm and 4 J of energy to the indicated groups throughout training. The rats were euthanized, and muscle tissue and serum were collected for muscle cross-sectional area and IL-6 and TNF-α protein analysis. In VO2 showed statistical difference between young- and aged-control groups (used as baseline) (p < 0.05). The same difference can be observed in the young control group compared with all intervention groups (exercise, LLLT and LLLT + exercise). In comparison with the aged-control group, a difference was observed only for comparison with the exercise group (p < 0.05), and exercise associated with LLLT group (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α for the aged-exercise and the aged-LLLT/exercise groups were significantly decreased compared to the aged-control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the transverse section of the gastrocnemius muscle showed a significant difference between the aged-exercise and aged-LLLT/exercise groups (p < 0.001). These results suggest that laser therapy in conjunction with aerobic training may provide a therapeutic approach for reducing the inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), however, LLLT without exercise was not able to improve physical performance of aged rats.

Santos RV, Viana VA, Boscolo RA et al (2012) Moderate exercise training modulates cytokine profile and sleep in aged people. Cytokine 60(3):731–735CrossRefPubMed

Huey KA, Hilliard CA, Hunt CR (2013) Effect of HSP25 loss on muscle contractile function and running wheel activity in young and old mice. Front Physiol 4:398CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Milanović Z, Pantelić S, Trajković N, Sporiš G, Kostić R, James N (2013) Age-related decrease in physical activity and functional fitness among elderly men and women. Clin Interv Aging 8:549–556CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Franceschi C, Bonafè M, Valensin S et al (2000) Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 908:244–254CrossRefPubMed

Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S et al (2009) Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 8(1):18–30CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Waters DL, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ, Vellas B (2010) Advantages of dietary, exercise-related, and therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat sarcopenia in adult patients: an update. Clin Interv Aging 7(5):259–270CrossRef

Visser M, Pahor M, Taaffe DR et al (2002) Harris Relationship of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57:M326–M332CrossRefPubMed

Pedersen M, Bruunsgaard H, Weis N et al (2003) Circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6-relation to truncal fat mass and muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes. Mech Ageing Dev 124:495–502CrossRefPubMed

Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM et al (2004) Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 52(7):1098–1104CrossRefPubMed

10.

Souza NH, Marcondes PT, Albertini R, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KP, Aimbire F (2013) Low-level laser therapy suppresses the oxidative stress-induced glucocorticoids resistance in U937 cells: relevance to cytokine secretion and histone deacetylase in alveolar macrophages. J Photochem Photobiol B 130C:327–336

11.

Alves AC, Vieira R, Leal-Junior E et al (2013) Effect of low-level laser therapy on the expression of inflammatory mediators and on neutrophils and macrophages in acute joint inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 15(5):R116CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

12.

Laraia EM, Silva IS, Pereira DM et al (2012) Effect of low-level laser therapy (660 nm) on acute inflammation induced by tenotomy of Achilles tendon in rats. Photochem Photobiol 88(6):1546–1550CrossRefPubMed

13.

De Marchi T, Leal Junior EC, Bortoli C, Tomazoni SS, Lopes-Martins RA, Salvador M (2012) Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers Med Sci 27(1):231–236CrossRefPubMed

14.

Sussai DA, Carvalho Pde T, Dourado DM, Belchior AC, dos Reis FA, Pereira DM (2010) Low-level laser therapy attenuates creatine kinase levels and apoptosis during forced swimming in rats. Lasers Med Sci 25(1):115–120CrossRefPubMed

15.

Baroni BM, Leal Junior EC, De Marchi T, Lopes AL, Salvador M, Vaz MA (2010) Low-level laser therapy before eccentric exercise reduces muscle damage markers in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 110(4):789–796CrossRefPubMed

16.

Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Frigo L et al (2010) Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the development of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and changes in biochemical markers related to postexercise recovery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 40(8):524–532CrossRefPubMed

17.

Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Dalan F et al (2008) Effect of 655-nm low-level laser therapy on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans. Photomed Laser Surg 26(5):419–424CrossRefPubMed

18.

Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF et al (2013) Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci

19.

Lopes-Martins RA, Marcos RL, Leonardo PS et al (2006) Effect of low-level laser (Ga-Al-As 655 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation in rats. J Appl Physiol 101(1):283–288CrossRefPubMed

20.

Cechella JL, Leite MR, Dobrachinski F et al (2014) Moderate swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines without causing oxidative stress in tissues of middle-aged rats. Amino Acids 46(5):1187–1195CrossRefPubMed

21.

Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, de Almeida P, Ramos L, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM (2010) Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAs 904 nm) in skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of muscle damage in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 108(6):1083–1088CrossRefPubMed

22.

Liu XG, Zhou YJ, Liu TC, Yuan JQ (2009) Effects of low-level laser irradiation on rat skeletal muscle injury after eccentric exercise. Photomed Laser Surg 27(6):863–869CrossRefPubMed

23.

Patrocinio T, Sardim AC, Assis L, Fernandes KR, Rodrigues N, Renno AC (2013) Effect of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise training in rats. Photomed Laser Surg 31(10):492–498CrossRefPubMed

24.

Ferraresi C, Panepucci R, Reiff R, Júnior E, Bagnato V, Parizotto N (2012) Molecular effects of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) on human muscle performance. Phys Ther Sport 13(3):e5CrossRef

25.

Ferraresi C, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA (2012) Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light. Photon Lasers Med 1(4):267–286

26.

Sarcopenia DM (2011) Pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Wien Med Wochenschr 161(17–18):402–408

Title: The action of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins and on the functional fitness of elderly rats subjected to aerobic training
Authors: Eliane Martins Amadio
Andrey Jorge Serra
Simone A. Guaraldo
José Antônio Silva Jr
Ednei Luis Antônio
Flávio Silva
Leslie Andrews Portes
Paulo José Ferreira Tucci
Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho
Publication date: 01-04-2015
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: Lasers in Medical Science / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0268-8921
Electronic ISSN: 1435-604X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-015-1713-x

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

The action of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins and on the functional fitness of elderly rats subjected to aerobic training

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

Effect of laser irradiation on the fluoride uptake of silver diamine fluoride treated dentine

Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy and splinting in lateral epicondylitis; a prospective, randomized, controlled study

Comparison of two different laser wavelengths’ dental bleaching results by photo-Fenton reaction: in vitro study

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application in the treatment of experimental periodontitis

Evaluation of pain, jaw movements, and psychosocial factors in elderly individuals with temporomandibular disorder under laser phototherapy

Effectiveness of occlusal splints and low-level laser therapy on myofascial pain