Top

Published in:

01-01-2013 | Original Article

Carbon dioxide laser and bonding materials reduce enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets

Authors: Cíntia Maria de Souza-e-Silva, Thaís Manzano Parisotto, Carolina Steiner-Oliveira, Regianne Umeko Kamiya, Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues, Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos

Published in: Lasers in Medical Science | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Altering the structure of the enamel surface around the orthodontic bracket by reducing its content of carbonate and phosphate resulting from application of CO₂ laser may represent a more effective strategy in preventing caries in this region. This study aimed at determining whether irradiation with a CO₂ laser combined with fluoride-releasing bonding material could reduce enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets subjected to cariogenic challenge. Ninety bovine enamel slabs were divided into five groups (n = 18): non-inoculated brain–heart infusion broth group, non-fluoride-releasing composite resin (NFRCR—control group), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), CO₂ laser + Transbond (L+NFRCR) and CO₂ laser + Fuji (L+RMGIC). Slabs were submitted to a 5-day microbiological caries model. The Streptococcus mutans biofilm formed on the slabs was biochemically and microbiologically analysed, and the enamel Knoop hardness number (KHN) around the brackets was determined. The data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Biochemical and microbiological analyses of the biofilm revealed no statistically significant differences among the groups. Lased groups presented the highest KHN means, which statistically differed from NFRCR; however, no difference was found between these lased groups. RMGIC did not differ from NFRCR which presented the lowest KHN mean. The CO₂ laser (λ = 10.6 μm; 10.0 J/cm² per pulse) use with or without F-bonding materials was effective in inhibiting demineralization around orthodontic brackets. However, no additional effect was found when the enamel was treated with the combination of CO₂ laser and an F-releasing material.

Øgaard B (1989) Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: a study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 96:423–427. doi:10.1016/0889-5406(89)90327-2 PubMedCrossRef

Pascotto RC, Navarro MF, Capelozza Filho L, Cury JA (2004) In vivo effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 125:36–41. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00571-7 PubMedCrossRef

Darling AI (1956) Studies of the early lesion of enamel caries with transmitted light, polarized light and radiography. Part II. Br Dent J 101:324–341. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(82)90548-6

Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Griswold PG (1988) The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 93:29–37. doi:10.1016/0889-5406(88)90190-4 PubMedCrossRef

Marinelli CB, Donly KJ, Wefel JS, Jakobsen JR, Denehy GE (1997) An in vitro comparison of three fluoride regimens on enamel remineralization. Caries Res 31:418–422. doi:10.1159/000262432 PubMedCrossRef

Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Benson BJ (1992) Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 101:403–407. doi:10.1016/0889-5406(92)70112-N PubMedCrossRef

Gorton J, Featherstone JD (2003) In vivo inhibition of demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 123:10–14. doi:10.1067/mod.2003.47 PubMedCrossRef

Fajen VB, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS, Currier GF, Angolkar PV (1990) An in vitro evaluation of strength of three glass ionomer cements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 97:316–322. doi:10.1016/0889-5406(90)70104-K PubMedCrossRef

Hsu CY, Jordan TH, Dederich DN, Wefel JS (2000) Effects of low-energy CO₂ laser irradiation and the organic matrix on inhibition of enamel demineralization. J Dent Res 79:1725–1730. doi:10.1177/00220345000790091401 PubMedCrossRef

10.

Nelson DG, Shariati M, Glena R, Shields CP, Featherstone JD (1986) Effect of pulsed low energy infrared laser irradiation on artificial caries-like lesion formation. Caries Res 20:289–299. doi:10.1159/000260948 PubMedCrossRef

11.

Nelson DG, Wefel JS, Jongebloed WL, Featherstone JD (1987) Morphology, histology and crystallography of human dental enamel treated with pulsed low-energy infrared laser radiation. Caries Res 21:411–426. doi:10.1159/000261047 PubMedCrossRef

12.

Featherstone JD, Barrett-Vespone NA, Fried D, Kantorowitz Z, Seka W (1998) CO₂ laser inhibitor of artificial caries-like progression in dental enamel. J Dent Res 77:1397–1403. doi:10.1177/00220345980770060401 PubMedCrossRef

13.

Kantorowitz Z, Featherstone JD, Fried D (1998) Caries prevention by CO₂ laser treatment: dependency on the number of pulses used. J Am Dent Assoc 129:585–591PubMed

14.

Hsu CY, Jordan TH, Dederich DN, Wefel JS (2001) Laser-matrix-fluoride effects on enamel demineralization. J Dent Res 80:1797–1801. doi:10.1177/00220345010800090501 PubMedCrossRef

15.

Klein ALL, Rodrigues LK, Eduardo CP, Nobre dos Santos M, Cury JA (2005) Caries inhibition around composite restorations by pulsed carbon dioxide laser application. Eur J Oral Sci 113:239–244. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00212.x PubMedCrossRef

16.

Rodrigues LK, Nobre Dos Santos M, Featherstone JD (2006) In situ mineral loss inhibition by CO₂ laser and fluoride. J Dent Res 85:617–621. doi:10.1177/154405910608500707 PubMedCrossRef

17.

Steiner-Oliveira C, Rodrigues LK, Soares LE, Martin AA, Zezell DM, Nobre-dos-Santos M (2006) Chemical, morphological and thermal effects of 10.6-microm CO₂ laser on the inhibition of enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 25:455–462PubMedCrossRef

18.

Gilmour AS, Edmunds DH, Newcombe RG (1997) Prevalence and depth of artificial caries-like lesions adjacent to cavities prepared in roots and restored with a glass ionomer or a dentin-bonded composite material. J Dent Res 76:1854–1861. doi:10.1177/00220345970760120801 PubMedCrossRef

19.

Bolliger CT, Zellweger JP, Danielsson T, van Biljon X, Robidou A, Westin A, Perruchoud AP, Säwe U (2000) Smoking reduction with oral nicotine inhalers: double blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety. BMJ 321:329–333. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.329 PubMedCrossRef

20.

Rodrigues LK, Pinto TA, Ferrarini M, Rosalen PL, Cury JA, Nobre dos Santos M (2005) Validation of a dental sterilization dose using gamma radiation and its effect on enamel microhardness. Caries Res 39:331–332. doi:10.1159/000084836

21.

Zanin IC, Lobo MM, Rodrigues LK, Pimenta LA, Höfling JF, Gonçalves RB (2006) Photosensitization of in vitro biofilms by toluidine blue O combined with a light-emitting diode. Eur J Oral Sci 114:64–69. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00263.x PubMedCrossRef

22.

Hayacibara MF, Rosa OP, Koo H, Torres SA, Costa B, Cury JA (2003) Effects of fluoride and aluminum from ionomeric materials on S. mutans biofilm. J Dent Res 82:267–271. doi:10.1177/154405910308200405 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Rosalen PL, Pearson SK, Bowen WH (1996) Effect of copper co-crystallized with sugar on caries development in desalivated rats. Caries Res 30:367–372. doi:10.1159/000262344 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Herigstad B, Hamilton M, Heersink J (2001) How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria. J Microbiol Methods 44:121–129. doi:10.1016/S0167-7012(00)00241-4 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Dubois M, Gilles K, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars of related substances. Anal Chem 28:350–356. doi:10.1021/ac60111a017 CrossRef

26.

Vogel GL, Chow LC, Brown WE (1983) A microanalytical procedure for the determination of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in enamel biopsy samples. Caries Res 17:23–31. doi:10.1159/000260645 PubMedCrossRef

27.

Fiske CH, Subbarow Y (1925) The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66:375–400

28.

Featherstone JD, Ten Cate JM, Shariati M, Arends J (1983) Comparison of artificial caries-like lesions by quantitative microradiography and microhardness profiles. Caries Res 17:385–391. doi:10.1159/000260692 PubMedCrossRef

29.

Kielbassa AM, Wrbas KT, Schulte-Mönting J, Hellwing E (1999) Correlation of transversal microradiography and microhardness on in situ-induced demineralization in irradiated and nonirradiated human dental enamel. Arch Oral Biol 44:234–251. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(98)00123-X CrossRef

30.

Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ (2006) Prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic practice: a contemporary review. Aust Dent J 51:284–289PubMedCrossRef

31.

Hsu DJ, Darling CL, Lachica MM, Fried D (2008) Nondestructive assessment of the inhibition of enamel demineralization by CO₂ laser treatment using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 13:054027. doi:10.1117/1.2976113 PubMedCrossRef

32.

Mellberg JR (1992) Hard-tissue substrates for evaluation of cariogenic and anti-cariogenic activity in situ. J Dent Res 71(Spec Iss):913–919. doi:10.1177/00220345920710041201 PubMed

33.

Esteves-Oliveira M, Zezell DM, Meister J, Franzen R, Stanzel S, Lampert F, Eduardo CP, Apel C (2009) CO₂ laser (10.6 microm) parameters for caries prevention in dental enamel. Caries Res 43:261–268. doi:10.1159/000217858 PubMedCrossRef

34.

Rodrigues LK, Nobre dos Santos M, Pereira D, Assaf AV, Pardi V (2004) Carbon dioxide laser in dental caries prevention. J Dent 32:531–540. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.04.004 PubMedCrossRef

35.

Carvalho AS, Cury JA (1999) Fluoride release from some dental materials in different solutions. Oper Dent 24:14–19PubMed

36.

McNeill CJ, Wiltshire WA, Dawes C, Lavelle CL (2001) Fluoride release from new light-cured orthodontic bonding agents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 120:392–397. doi:10.1067/mod.2001.118103 PubMedCrossRef

37.

Lin YC, Lai YL, Chen WT, Lee SY (2008) Kinetics of fluoride release from and reuptake by orthodontic cements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 133:427–434. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.052 PubMedCrossRef

38.

Derks A, Katsaros C, Frencken JE, van’t Hof MA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM (2004) Caries-inhibiting effect of preventive measures during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A systematic review. Caries Res 38:413–420. doi:10.1159/000079621 PubMedCrossRef

39.

Cohen WJ, Wiltshire WA, Dawes C, Lavelle CL (2003) Long-term in vitro fluoride release and rerelease from orthodontic bonding materials containing fluoride. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 124:571–576. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00573-0 PubMedCrossRef

40.

van Dijken JW, Kalfas S, Litra V, Oliveby A (1997) Fluoride and mutans streptococci levels in plaque on aged restorations of resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and resin composite. Caries Res 31:379–383. doi:10.1159/000262422 PubMedCrossRef

41.

Montanaro L, Campoccia D, Rizzi S, Donati ME, Breshi L, Prati C, Arciola CR (2004) Evaluation of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on dental restorative materials. Biomaterials 25:4457–4463. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.11.031 PubMedCrossRef

42.

Chin MY, Busscher HJ, Evans R, Noar J, Pratten J (2006) Early biofilm formation and the effects of antimicrobial agents on orthodontic bonding materials in a parallel plate flow chamber. Eur J Orthod 28:1–7. doi:10.1093/ejo/cji094 PubMedCrossRef

43.

Loesche WJ (1986) Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 50:353–380PubMed

44.

Dibdin GH, Shellis RP (1988) Physical and biochemical studies of Streptococcus mutans sediments suggest new factors linking the cariogenicity of plaque with its extracellular polysaccharide content. J Dent Res 67:890–895. doi:10.1177/00220345880670060101 PubMedCrossRef

45.

Ccahuana-Vásquez RA, Tabchoury CP, Tenuta LM, Del Bel Cury AA, Vale GC, Cury JA (2007) Effect of frequency of sucrose exposure on dental biofilm composition and enamel demineralization in the presence of fluoride. Caries Res 41:9–15. doi:10.1159/000096100 PubMedCrossRef

Title: Carbon dioxide laser and bonding materials reduce enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets
Authors: Cíntia Maria de Souza-e-Silva
Thaís Manzano Parisotto
Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
Regianne Umeko Kamiya
Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos
Publication date: 01-01-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Lasers in Medical Science / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 0268-8921
Electronic ISSN: 1435-604X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1076-5

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Carbon dioxide laser and bonding materials reduce enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Determination of the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation through dentinal tubules on several oral pathogens

Oral mucosa response to laser patterned microcoagulation (LPM) treatment. An animal study

Treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats using repeated adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Proinflammatory cytokine levels in saliva in patients with burning mouth syndrome before and after treatment with low-level laser therapy

Influence of the hydration state on the ultrashort laser ablation of dental hard tissues

Effect of surface pretreatment with two desensitizer techniques on the microleakage of resin composite restorations