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Published in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1/2007

01-01-2007 | Originalarbeit

Ursachen, Therapie und Komplikationen bei der Frakturversorgung des Unterkiefers – eine retrospektive Analyse von 10 Jahren

Authors: R. Depprich, J. Handschel, J. Hornung, U. Meyer, N. R. Kübler

Published in: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | Issue 1/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung

Frakturen des Unterkiefers (UK) stellen eine der häufigsten Verletzungsformen des Gesichtsschädels dar. Ziel unserer Studie ist es, Häufigkeit, Ursachen und Therapie der UK-Frakturen, sowie Komplikationen bei der Frakturversorgung über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren retrospektiv zu analysieren und auf etwaige Veränderungen hin zu untersuchen.

Material und Methode

Die Daten von 724 Patienten, die von 1994 bis 2003 wegen einer UK-Fraktur stationär behandelt werden mussten, wurden bezogen auf Alter, Geschlecht, Frakturursache, Frakturlokalisation, Therapie und Komplikationen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Im Zeitraum von 10 Jahren blieb der Anteil von UK-Frakturen an Gesichtsschädelfrakturen sehr konstant (im Mittel 40,7%). Ebenso wenig Variationsbreite zeigten das Patientenalter mit durchschnittlich 33,3 Jahren oder das Geschlechterverhältnis mit einem männlich-weiblich-Verhältnis von 2,3 : 1. Als häufigste Frakturursachen wurden Rohheitsdelikte (38,6%) und Stürze (27,3%) ermittelt. Die isolierte Fraktur des Gelenkfortsatzes war mit 47% die häufigste einfache Fraktur, gefolgt von der Kieferwinkelregion (29,4%). Insgesamt wurde ein deutliches Überwiegen der konservativen Frakturversorgung bis zum Ende des Jahres 2002 festgestellt, erst danach nimmt die operative Versorgung erkennbar zu. Die Komplikationsrate betrug im gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum 8,9%, als häufigste Komplikation konnte die Wundheilungsstörung festgestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

UK-Frakturen machen konstant einen großen Anteil an Gesichtsschädelfrakturen aus. Ätiologische Faktoren weisen kaum Schwankungen im Beobachtungszeitraum auf. Die Komplikationsrate ist gering und wird weiter zum Anstieg der bereits feststellbaren Zunahme der operativen Versorgung beitragen.
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Metadata
Title
Ursachen, Therapie und Komplikationen bei der Frakturversorgung des Unterkiefers – eine retrospektive Analyse von 10 Jahren
Authors
R. Depprich
J. Handschel
J. Hornung
U. Meyer
N. R. Kübler
Publication date
01-01-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Issue 1/2007
Print ISSN: 1865-1550
Electronic ISSN: 1865-1569
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-006-0037-1

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