Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-10-2018 | Original Contribution

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Authors: Soheil Mahdi, Nadia Ronzano, Ane Knüppel, José Carlos Dias, Ayman Albdah, Lin Chien-Ho, Omar Almodayfer, Annet Bluschke, Sunil Karande, Huei-Lin Huang, Hanna Christiansen, Mats Granlund, Petrus J. de Vries, David Coghill, Rosemary Tannock, Luis Rohde, Sven Bölte

Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Issue 10/2018

Abstract

This is the fourth and final study designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, and children and youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate aspects of functioning and environment of individuals with ADHD as documented by the ICF-CY in clinical practice settings. An international cross-sectional multi-centre study was applied, involving nine units from eight countries: Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and Taiwan. Clinicians and clinical researchers rated the functioning level of 112 children, adolescents and adults with ADHD using the extended ICF-CY checklist version 2.1a. The ratings were based on a variety of information sources, such as medical records, medical history, clinical observations, clinical questionnaires, psychometric tests and structured interviews with participants and family members. In total, 113 ICF-CY categories were identified, of which 50 were related to the activities and participation, 33 to environmental factors and 30 to body functions. The clinical study also yielded strengths related to ADHD, which included temperament and personality functions and recreation and leisure. The study findings endorse the complex nature of ADHD, as evidenced by the many functional and contextual domains impacted in ADHD. ICF-CY based tools can serve as foundation for capturing various functional profiles and environmental facilitators and barriers. The international nature of the ICF-CY makes it possible to develop user-friendly tools that can be applied globally and in multiple settings, ranging from clinical services and policy-making to education and research.

Available only for authorised users

American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Pilgrim Press, Washington DCCrossRef

Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 164:942–948CrossRef

Simon V, Czobor P, Bálint S, Mészáros Á, Bitter I (2009) Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 194:204–211CrossRef

Willcutt EG (2012) The prevalence of DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics 9:490–499CrossRef

Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller E, Glasziou P (2015) Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 135:994–1001CrossRef

Sonuga-Barke E, Bitsakou P, Thompson M (2010) Beyond the dual pathway model: evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:345–355PubMed

Barkley RA, Fischer M (2011) Predicting impairment in major life activities and occupational functioning in hyperactive children as adults: self-reported executive function (EF) deficits versus EF tests. Dev Neuropsychol 36:137–161CrossRef

Arnold EL, Hodgkins P, Kahle J, Madhoo M, Kewley G (2015) Long-term outcomes of ADHD: academic achievement and performance. J Atten Disord 1:1–13

Fredriksen M, Dahl AA, Martinsen EW, Klungsoyr O, Faraone SV, Peleikis DE (2014) Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 6:87–99CrossRef

10.

Wehmeier PM, Schacht A, Barkley RA (2010) Social and emotional impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact on quality of life. J Adolesc Health 46:209–217CrossRef

11.

Biederman J, Petty CR, Woodworth KY, Lomedico A, Hyder LL, Faraone SV (2012) Adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 16-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 73:941–950CrossRef

12.

Erskine H, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, Chan GCK, Copeland WE, Whiteford HA, Scott JG (2016) Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 55:841–850CrossRef

13.

Jonsson U, Alaie I, Löfgren-Wilteus A, Zander E, Marschik PB, Coghill D, Bölte S (2017) Annual research review: quality of life and childhood mental and behavioural disorders –a critical review of the research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58:439–469CrossRef

14.

Dalsgaard S, Østergaard SD, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Pedersen MG (2015) Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. Lancet 385:2190–2196CrossRef

15.

De Schipper E, Mahdi S, Coghill D, de Vries PJ, Shur-Fen Gau S, Granlund M, Holtmann M, Karande S, Levy F, Almodayfer O, Rohde L, Tannock R, Bölte S (2015) Towards an ICF core set for ADHD: a worldwide expert survey on ability and disability. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24:1509–1521CrossRef

16.

Mahdi S, Viljoen M, Massuti R, Selb M, Almodayfer O, Karande S, de Vries PJ, Rohde L, Bölte S (2017) An international qualitative study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:1219–1231CrossRef

17.

Abraham A, Windmann S, Siefen R, Daum I, Güntürkün O (2006) Creative thinking in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychol 12:111–123CrossRef

18.

Healey D, Rucklidge JJ (2006) An investigation into the relationship among ADHD symptomatology, creativity, and neuropsychological functioning in children. Child Neuropsychol 12:421–438CrossRef

19.

Ek A, Isaksson G (2013) How adults with ADHD get engaged in and perform everyday activities. Scan J Occup Ther 20:282–291CrossRef

20.

Hirvikoski T, Waaler E, Alfredsson J, Pihlgren C, Holmström A, Johnson A, Rück J, Wiwe C, Bothén P, Nordström AL (2011) Reduced ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD after structured skills training group: results from a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 49:175–185CrossRef

21.

Chan E, Fogler JM, Hammerness PG (2016) Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: a systematic review. JAMA 315:1997–2008CrossRef

22.

Veloz Texeira MCT, Marino RLF, Carreiro LRR (2015) Associations between inadequate parenting practices and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/683062 CrossRef

23.

World Health Organization (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. World Health Organization, Geneva

24.

World Health Organization (2007) International classification of functioning, disability and health: children and youth version: ICF-CY. World Health Organization, Geneva

25.

Simeonsson R, Lollar D, Åkesson-Björck E, Granlund M, Brown SC, Zhuoying Q, Gray D, Pan Y (2014) ICF and ICF-CY lessons learned: Pandora’s box of personal factors. Disabil Rehabil 36:2187–2194CrossRef

26.

Grotkamp S, Cibis W, Nüchtern EAM, Seger W (2012) Personal factors in the international classification of functioning, disability and health: prospective evidence. Aust J Rehabil Couns 18:1–24CrossRef

27.

Bölte S (2009) The ICF and its meaning for child and adolescent psychiatry. Z Kinder- Jugendpsych Psychother 37:495–497CrossRef

28.

Escorpizo R, Kostanjsek N, Kennedy C, Robinson Nicol MM, Stucki G, Üstün TB, Functioning Topic Advisory Group (fTAG) of the ICF-11 Revision (2013) Harmonizing WHO’s international classification of diseases (ICD) and international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF): importance and methods to link disease and functioning. BMC Public Health 13:742CrossRef

29.

Selb M, Escorpizo R, Kostanjsek N, Stucki G, Üstün B, Cieza A (2015) A guide on how to develop an international classification of functioning, disability and health core set. Eur J of Phys Rehabil Med 51:105–117

30.

Bölte S, de Schipper E, Robison JE, Wong VCN, Selb M, Singhal N, de Vries PJ, Zwaigenbaum L (2014) Classification of functioning and impairment: the development of ICF core sets for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 7:167–172CrossRef

31.

de Schipper E, Lundequist A, Coghill D, de Vries PJ, Granlund M, Holtmann M, Jonsson U, Karande S, Robison JE, Shulman C, Singhal N, Tonge B, Wong VCN, Zwaigenbaum L, Bölte S (2015) Ability and disability in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review employing the international classification of functioning, disability and health-children and youth version. Autism Res 8:782–794CrossRef

32.

de Schipper E, Mahdi S, de Vries PJ, Granlund M, Holtmann M, Karande S, Almodayfer O, Shulman C, Tonge B, Wong VV, Zwaigenbaum L, Bölte S (2016) Functioning and disability in autism spectrum disorder: a worldwide survey of experts. Autism Res 9:959–969CrossRef

33.

Mahdi S, Viljoen M, Yee T, Selb M, Singhal N, Almodayfer O, Granlund M, de Vries PJ, Zwaigenbaum L, Bölte S (2017) An international qualitative study of functioning in autism spectrum disorder using the world health organization international classification of functioning, disability and health framework. Autism Res. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1905 CrossRef

34.

Hinshaw SP, Scheffler RM, Fulton BD, Aase H, Banaschewski T, Cheng W, Mattos P, Holte A, Levy F, Sadeh A, Sergeant JA, Taylor E, Weiss MD (2011) International variation in treatment procedures for ADHD: social context and recent trends. Psychiatr Serv 62:459–464CrossRef

35.

Finger ME, Glässel A, Erhart P, Gradinger F, Klipstein A, Rivier G, Schröer M, Wenk C, Gmünder HP, Stucki G, Escorpizo R (2011) Identification of relevant ICF categories in vocational rehabilitation: a cross sectional study evaluating the clinical perspective. J Occup Rehabil 21:156–166CrossRef

36.

Schiariti V, Mâsse LC (2014) Relevant areas of functioning in children with cerebral palsy based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health coding system: a clinical perspective. J Child Neurol 30:216–222CrossRef

37.

World Health Organization (2003) The ICF checklist version 2.1a, clinician form for international classification of functioning, disability and health. World Health Organization, Geneva

38.

Ewert T, Fuessl M, Cieza A, Andersen C, Chatterji S, Kostanjsek N, Stucki G (2004) Identification of the most common patient problems in patients with chronic conditions using the ICF Checklist. J Rehabil Med 44:22–29CrossRef

39.

Kohler F, Xu J, Silva-Withmory C, Arockiam J (2011) Feasibility of using a checklist based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health as an outcome measure in individuals following lower limb amputation. Prosthet Orthot Int 35:294–301CrossRef

40.

Okochi J, Utsunomiya S, Takahashi T (2005) Health measurement using the ICF: test-retest reliability study of ICF codes and qualifiers in geriatric care. Health Qual Life Outcomes 3:46–58CrossRef

41.

de Schipper E, Lundequist A, Löfgren-Wilteus A, Coghill D, de Vries PJ, Granlund M, Holtmann M, Jonsson U, Karande S, Levy F, Al-Modayfer O, Rohde L, Tannock R, Tonge B, Bölte S (2015) A comprehensive scoping review of ability and disability in ADHD using the international classification of functioning, disability and health—children and youth version (ICF-CY). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24:859–872CrossRef

42.

McCaffery M, Beebe A (1989) Pain: clinical manual for nursing practice. Mosby, St. Louis

43.

Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP (2011) Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain 152:2399–2404CrossRef

44.

Dalen HE, Nyquist A, Saebu M, Roe C, Bautz-Holter E (2013) Implementation of ICF in goal setting in rehabilitation of children with chronic disabilities at Beitostolen Healthsports Centre. Disabil Rehabil 35:198–205CrossRef

45.

Viehoff PB, Potijk F, Damstra RJ, Heerkens F, van Ravensberg D, van Berkel DM, Neumann HAM (2015) Identification of relevant ICF (international classification of functioning, disability and health) categories in lymphedema patients: a cross-sectional study. Acta Oncol 54:1218–1224CrossRef

46.

Bowen GA (2008) Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: a research note. Qual Res 8:137–152CrossRef

47.

Fliers E, Rommelse N, Vermeulen SHHM, Altink M, Buschgens CJM, Faraone SV, Sergeant JA, Franke B, Buitelaar JK (2008) Motor coordination problems in children and adolescents with ADHD rated by parents and teachers: effects of age and gender. J Neural Transm 115:211–220CrossRef

48.

Niemczyk J, Equit M, Hoffmann L, von Gontard A (2015) Incontinence in children with treated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr Urol 11:e1–e6CrossRef

49.

Lane S, Reynolds S, Thacker L (2010) Sensory over-responsivity and ADHD: differentiating using electrodermal responses, cortisol, and anxiety. Front Integr Neurosci 4:1–11CrossRef

50.

Instanes JT, Klungsøyr K, Halmøy A, Fasmer OB, Haavik J (2016) Adult ADHD and comorbid somatic disease: a systematic literature review. J Atten Disord 22:203–228CrossRef

51.

Cortese S, Bernardina BD, Mouren MC (2007) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating. Nutr Rev 65:404–411CrossRef

52.

Taanila A, Ebeling H, Tiihala M, Kaakinen M, Moilanen I, Hurtig T, Yliherva A (2014) Association between childhood specific learning difficulties and school performance in adolescents with and without ADHD symptoms: a 16-year follow up. J Atten Disord 18:61–72CrossRef

53.

Moldavsky M, Sayal K (2013) Knowledge and attitudes about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its treatment: the views of children, adolescents, parents, teachers and healthcare professionals. Curr Psychiatr Rep 15:377CrossRef

54.

Lebowitz MS (2016) Stigmatization of ADHD: a Developmental Review. J Atten Disord 20:199–205CrossRef

55.

Ginsberg Y, Beusterien KM, Amos K, Jousselin C, Asherson P (2014) The unmet needs of all adults with ADHD are not the same: a focus on Europe. Expert Rev of Neurother 14:799–812CrossRef

56.

Matheson L, Asherson P, Wong ICK, Hodgkins P, Setyawan J, Sasane R, Clifford S (2013) Adult ADHD patient experiences of impairment, service provision and clinical management in England: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 13:184CrossRef

57.

Sonuga-Barke EJ, Brandeis D, Cortese S, Daley D, Ferrin M, Holtmann M, Stevenson J, Danckaerts M, van der Oord S, Döpfner M, Dittmann RW, Simonoff E, Zuddas A, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Coghill D, Hollis C, Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Wong IC, Sergeant J (2013) Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. Am J Psychiatry 170:275–289CrossRef

58.

Fredriksen M, Dahl AA, Martinsen EW, Klungsøyr O, Haavik J, Peleikis DE (2014) Effectiveness of one-year pharmacological treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an open-label prospective study of time in treatment, dose, side-effects and comorbidity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 24:1873–1884CrossRef

59.

Danckaerts M, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Dopfner M, Hollis C, Santosh P, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Zuddas A, Coghill D (2010) The quality of life of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19:83–105CrossRef

Title: An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework
Authors: Soheil Mahdi
Nadia Ronzano
Ane Knüppel
José Carlos Dias
Ayman Albdah
Lin Chien-Ho
Omar Almodayfer
Annet Bluschke
Sunil Karande
Huei-Lin Huang
Hanna Christiansen
Mats Granlund
Petrus J. de Vries
David Coghill
Rosemary Tannock
Luis Rohde
Sven Bölte
Publication date: 01-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Issue 10/2018
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Electronic ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1124-1

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

An international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 10/2018

Adult outcomes of conduct problems in childhood or adolescence: further evidence of the societal burden of conduct problems

Using the Dutch multi-informant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to predict adolescent psychiatric diagnoses

Conduct problems trajectories and psychosocial outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A cost-effectiveness analysis of school-based suicide prevention programmes

Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: a population-based nested case–control study

A solid majority remit following evidence-based OCD treatments: a 3-year naturalistic outcome study in pediatric OCD