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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1/2007

01-07-2007 | ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION

Developmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – impact of ADHD

Authors: Dr. Veit Roessner, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Roger D. Freeman, Aribert Rothenberger, Tourette Syndrome International Database Consortium

Published in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Special Issue 1/2007

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Abstract

Background

In Tourette syndrome (TS) as a neurodevelopmental disorder not only the tics but also the comorbid conditions change with increasing age. ADHD is highly comorbid with TS and usually impairs psychosocial functioning more than the tics. Its impact on further comorbidity during development is important for clinical practice and still a matter of debate.

Method

Aspects of developmental psychopathology considering the impact of ADHD were examined by logistic regression (year wisely) in a cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents (n = 5060) from the TIC database.

Results

In TS+ADHD (compared to TS−ADHD) higher rates of comorbid conditions like OCD, anxiety disorders, CD/ODD and mood disorders were found in children (5–10 years). In adolescents (11–17 years) higher comorbidity rates in TS+ADHD remained only for CD/ODD and mood disorders. Accordingly, for OCD and anxiety disorders there was a steeper year wise increase of these comorbidities in TS−ADHD while it was a similar for CD/ODD and mood disorders in TS−ADHD as well as TS+ADHD.

Conclusion

Children with TS+ADHD have more comorbidities than the TS−ADHD group, whereas in both adolescent groups this did no longer hold for OCD and anxiety disorders. These findings indicate that in TS comorbid ADHD is associated with high rates of externalizing and internalizing problems, whereas TS without ADHD is associated only with internalizing problems in adolescence.
Footnotes
1
Comorbidity is used in the present work as the co-occurence of two diagnoses in one patient at the same time independently of etiological and/or pathway considerations (see Banaschewski et al. this issue [3]).
 
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Metadata
Title
Developmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome – impact of ADHD
Authors
Dr. Veit Roessner
Andreas Becker
Tobias Banaschewski
Roger D. Freeman
Aribert Rothenberger
Tourette Syndrome International Database Consortium
Publication date
01-07-2007
Publisher
Steinkopff-Verlag
Published in
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Issue Special Issue 1/2007
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Electronic ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-007-1004-6

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