Top

Published in:

01-07-2019 | Original Article

In vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips

Authors: José Francisco Del Real García, Fausto Rubén Saldaña-Velasco, Susana Vanessa Sánchez-de la Rosa, Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García, Gabriela Morales-Velazquez, Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda, Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González, María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada, Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 7/2019

Abstract

Objective

This study assessed the impact of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip exposure on the genotoxicity and oxidative damage by means of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay by counting nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in buccal mucosa and attached gingiva cells and by analyzing in whole saliva the molecule 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 113 subjects divided into two groups: group 1 or control (n = 53), non-whitening strip exposed, and group 2 (n = 60), whitening strip exposed (Crest® 3D Whitestrips® premium plus, 10% hydrogen peroxide). Oral epithelial cells and whole saliva samples were taken at the beginning and 30 days later for group 1 and immediately before bleaching and 15 and 30 days after the end of the bleaching for group 2.

Results

An increased frequency of NAs (p < 0.05) and higher levels of 8-OHdG (p < 0.05) were observed after bleaching exposure. Also, a positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide and micronuclei was found.

Conclusion

Individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips exhibit NAs increased in oral epithelial cells and 8-OHdG in saliva, which is directed related to nuclear and oxidative DNA damage, respectively.

Clinical significance

Hydrogen peroxide is the active agent of tooth whitening and this compound induced DNA damage. Individuals exposed to whitening strips with 10% hydrogen peroxide exhibit increased genotoxic and oxidative damage. Therefore, self-application of bleaching agents should be handled carefully since it could be a risk to human health.

Demarco FF, Meireles SS, Masotti AS (2009) Over-the-counter whitening agents: a concise review. Braz Oral Res 23(1):64–70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000500010 CrossRefPubMed

Oliveira GM, Miguez PA, Oliveira GB, Swift EJ Jr, Farrell S, Anastasia MK, Conde E, Walter R (2013) Safety and efficacy of a high-adhesion whitening strip under extended wear regimen. J Dent 41(3):46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.11.019 CrossRef

Gerlach RW (2004) Whitening paradigms revisited: introduction of a thin and concentrated peroxide gel technology for professional tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent 25(8 Suppl 2):4–8PubMed

Hasson H, Ismail AI, Neiva G (2006) Home-based chemically-induced whitening of teeth in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18(4):1–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006202 CrossRef

Djuric Z, Everett CK, Luongo DA (1993) Toxicity, single-strand breaks, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxyuridine formation in human breast epithelial cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 14(5):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90111-7 CrossRef

Tredwin CJ, Naik S, Lewis NJ, Scully C (2006) Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: review of adverse effects and safety issues. Br Dent J 200(7):371–376. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813423 CrossRefPubMed

Naik S, Tredwin CJ, Scully C (2006) Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching): review of safety in relation to possible carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 42(7):668–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.10.020 CrossRefPubMed

Ribeiro DA, Marques ME, Salvadori DM (2005) Assessment of genetic damage induced by dental bleaching agents on mouse lymphoma cells by single-cell gel (comet) assay. J Oral Rehabil 32(10):766–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01500.x CrossRefPubMed

Ribeiro DA, Marques, Salvadori DM (2006) Study of DNA damage induced by dental bleaching agents in vitro. Braz Oral Res 20(1):47–51CrossRef

10.

Camargo SE, Jóias RP, Santana-Melo GF, Ferreira LT, El Achkar VN, Rode SM (2014) Conventional and whitening toothpastes: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and effect on the enamel surface. Am J Dent 27(6):307–311PubMed

11.

Klaric E, Par M, Profeta I, Kopjar N, Rozgaj R, Kasuba V, Zeljezic D, Tarle Z (2013) Genotoxic effect of two bleaching agents on oral mucosa. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 10(5):209–215PubMed

12.

Rezende M, De Geus JL, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz D (2016) Clinical evaluation of genotoxicity of in-office bleaching. Oper Dent 41(6):578–586. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-207-C CrossRefPubMed

13.

López-Lázaro M (2007) Dual role of hydrogen peroxide in cancer: possible relevance to cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Cancer Lett 252(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.029 CrossRefPubMed

14.

Lafleur MV, Retel J (1993) Contrasting effects of SH-compounds on oxidative DNA damage: repair and increase of damage. Mutat Res 295(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8734(93)90006-O CrossRefPubMed

15.

Dandona P, Thusu K, Cook S, Snyder B, Makowski J, Armstrong D, Nicotera T (1996) Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 347(8999):444–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90013-6 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Yfjord JE, Bodvarsdottir SK (2005) Genomic instability and cancer: networks involved in response to DNA damage. Mutat Res 592(1–2):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.05.010 CrossRef

17.

Zúñiga-González GM, Batista-González CM, Gómez-Meda BC, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Zamora-Perez AL, Muñoz-Magallanes T, Ramos-Valdés C, Gallegos-Arreola MP (2007) Micronuclei in diabetes: folate supplementation diminishes micronuclei in diabetic patients but not in an animal model. Mutat Res 634(1–2):126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.06.006 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Zamora-Perez AL, Mariaud-Schmidt RP, Fuentes-Lerma MG, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Gómez-Meda BC, López-Verdín S, Zúñiga-González GM (2013) Increased number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in buccal mucosa cells from people exposed to alcohol-containing mouthwash. Drug Chem Toxicol 36(2):255–260. https://doi.org/10.3109/01480545.2012.737804 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Zamora-Perez AL, Ortiz-García YM, Lazalde-Ramos BP, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Gómez-Meda BC, Ramírez-Aguilar MÁ, Zúñiga-González GM (2015) Increased micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa and oxidative damage in saliva from patients with chronic and aggressive periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res 50(1):28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12175 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Gómez-Meda BC, Zamora-Perez AL, Muñoz-Magallanes T, Sánchez-Parada MG, García Bañuelos JJ, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Sánchez-Orozco LV, Vera-Cruz JM, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Zúñiga-González GM (2016) Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa cells of patients with type I and II diabetes treated with folic acid. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 797(18):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.003 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Holland N, Bolognesi C, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Zeiger E, Knasmueller S, Fenech M (2008) The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps. Mutat Res 659(1–2):93–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.03.007 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Thomas P, Holland N, Bolognesi C, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Zeiger E, Knasmueller S, Fenech M (2009) Buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Nat Protoc 4(6):825–837. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.53 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Kasai H (1997) Analysis of a form of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, as a marker of cellular oxidative stress during carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 387(3):147–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00035-5 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Valavanidis A, Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis C (2009) 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG): a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 27(3):120–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590500902885684 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Wang J, Schipper HM, Velly AM, Mohit S, Gornitsky M (2015) Salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress: a critical review. Free Radic Biol Med 85(16):95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.005 CrossRefPubMed

26.

Avouac J, Borderie D, Ekindjian OG, Kahan A, Allanore Y (2010) High DNA oxidative damage in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 37(12):2540–2547. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100398 CrossRefPubMed

27.

Lazalde-Ramos BP, Zamora-Perez AL, Sosa-Macías M, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Zúñiga-González GM (2012) DNA and oxidative damages decrease after ingestion of folic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Res 43(6):476–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.08.013 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Kawai K, Kasai H, Li YS, Kawasaki Y, Watanabe S, Ohta M, Honda T, Yamato H (2018) Measurement of 8-hydroxyguanine as an oxidative stress biomarker in saliva by HPLC-ECD. Genes Environ 40(4):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-018-0095-2 CrossRef

29.

Stefan-van Staden RI, Balahura LR, Gugoasa LA, van Staden JF, Aboul-Enein HY, Rosu MC, Pruneanu SM (2018) Pattern recognition of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 410(1):115–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0698-7 CrossRefPubMed

30.

Rall LC, Roubenoff R, Meydani SN, Han SN, Meydani M (2000) Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis and aging: effect of progressive resistance training. J Nutr Biochem 11 (11,12):581–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00123-6

31.

Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S, Nersesyan A, Thomas P, Fenech M (2013) The HUMNxl scoring criteria for different cell types and nuclear anomalies in the buccal micronucleus cytome assay—an update and expanded photogallery. Mutat Res 753(2):100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.07.002 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Michel-Baltazar C (2016) Implementation del ensayo de micronucleus en celulas epitelilaes de encia adherida de humanos como alternative para el monitoreo de gentoxicos. Tesis para obtener el grado de cirujano dentista. CUCS, U de G.

33.

Zúñiga-González G, Gómez-Meda BC, Zamora-Perez A, Ramos-Ibarra ML, Batista-González CM, Espinoza-Jiménez S, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Alvarez-Moya C, Torres-Bugarín O (2003) Induction of micronuclei in proestrus vaginal cells from colchicine- and cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Environ Mol Mutagen 42(4):306–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.10202 CrossRefPubMed

34.

Noorimotlagh Z, Mirzaee SA, Ahmadi M, Jaafarzadeh N, Rahim F (2018) The possible DNA damage induced by environmental organic compounds: the case of nonylphenol. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 30(158):171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.023

35.

Ribeiro DA, Yujra VQ, DE Moura CFG, Handan BA, DE Barros Viana M, Yamauchi LY, Castelo PM, Aguiar O Jr (2017) Genotoxicity induced by dental materials: a comprehensive review. Anticancer Res 37(8):4017–4024. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11786

36.

Almeida AF, Torre Edo N, Selayaran Mdos S, Leite FR, Demarco FF, Loguercio AD, Etges A (2015) Genotoxic potential of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide in dental bleaching. Braz Oral Res 29(21):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0021 CrossRef

37.

Hassell TM (1993) Tissues and cells of the periodontium. Periodontol 3(1):9–38CrossRef

38.

Frijhoff J, Winyard PG, Zarkovic N, Davies SS, Stocker R, Cheng D, Knight AR, Taylor EL, Oettrich J, Ruskovska T, Gasparovic AC, Cuadrado A, Weber D, Poulsen HE, Grune T, Schmidt HH, Ghezzi P (2015) Clinical relevance of biomarkers of oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 10(14):1144–1170. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2015.6317 CrossRef

39.

Canakçi CF, Canakçi V, Tatar A, Eltas A, Sezer U, Ciçek Y, Oztas S (2009) Increased salivary level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is a marker of premature oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 57(3):205–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-009-0026-9 CrossRef

40.

Nomoto K, Tsuneyama K, Takahashi H, Murai Y, Takano Y (2008) Cytoplasmic fine granular expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine reflects early mitochondrial oxidative DNA damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 16(1):71–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0b013e31803156d5 CrossRefPubMed

41.

Wei YH (1998) Mitochondrial DNA mutations and oxidative damage in aging and diseases: an emerging paradigm of gerontology and medicine. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 22(2):55–67PubMed

42.

Stone JR, Yang S (2006) Hydrogen peroxide: a signaling messenger. Antioxid Redox Signal 8(3–4):243–270. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2006.8.243

Title: In vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips
Authors: José Francisco Del Real García
Fausto Rubén Saldaña-Velasco
Susana Vanessa Sánchez-de la Rosa
Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García
Gabriela Morales-Velazquez
Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada
Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
Publication date: 01-07-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2716-3

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

In vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips

Abstract

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Clinical significance

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Clinical significance

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2019

Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with Fusobacterium nucleatum

Post-obturation pain following the use of carrier-based system with AH Plus or iRoot SP sealers: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Perceived helpfulness of treatments for myofascial TMD as a function of comorbid widespread pain

Development of a quantitative preclinical screening model for implant osseointegration in rat tail vertebra

Deviating dental arch morphology in mild coronal craniosynostosis syndromes

Customized virtual surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a prospective randomized trial