Top

Published in:

01-05-2017 | Original Article

Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents

Authors: Ioana Baldea, Diana Elena Olteanu, Adriana Gabriela Filip, Mihai Cenariu, Diana Dudea, Alina Tofan, Camelia Alb, Marioara Moldovan

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 4/2017

Abstract

Objectives

Tooth bleaching is one of the most required dental esthetic treatments. However, it can generate side effects like oral irritation, enamel alteration, tooth sensitivity, especially caused by hydrogen peroxide, the main bleaching component of the commercial products. Therefore, development of new tooth bleaching agents, based on natural products, with comparable esthetic results and lower side effects is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and bleaching efficacy of four experimental bleaching agents, derived from fruit juices, against the commercially available Opalescence (Ultradent, USA).

Materials and methods

Organic acid composition of the gels was characterized by HPLC. Bleaching efficiency was tested by spectrophotometry on composite restorative materials. Biological testing was done in vitro, on human fibroblasts. Cells were exposed to dilutions of the bleaching gel-conditioned medium. Viability was measured by MTS, apoptosis by FACS–AnnexinV FITC/Propidium iodide, NF-kB activation by western blot, malondyaldehide, and superoxide dismutase activity by spectrophotometry.

Results

All gels exhibited physical stability and dental bleaching capabilities. Experimental gels induced significantly better viability and apoptosis rates, lower lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant defense, compared to Opalescence.

Conclusions

The studied experimental gel formulations exhibited a good safety profile in vitro, as well as bleaching efficiency on restorative composite materials.

Clinical relevance

These data open new possibilities for the use of new natural products in dental bleaching treatments that can insure significant esthetic results and lower side effects.

Dantas CMG, Vivan CL, Ferreira LS, Freitas PM, Marques MM (2010) In vitro effect of low intensity laser on the cytotoxicity produced by substances released by bleaching gel. Braz Oral Res 24(4):460–466CrossRefPubMed

Goldberg M, Grootveld M, Lynch E (2010) Undesirable and adverse effects of tooth-whitening products: a review. Clin Oral Investig 14(1):1–10CrossRefPubMed

Mendes AP, Barceleiro Mde O, dos Reis RS, Bonato LL, Dias KR (2012) Changes in surface roughness and color stability of two composites caused by different bleaching agents. Braz Dent J 23(6):659–666CrossRefPubMed

Dahl JE, Pallesen U (2003) Tooth bleaching. A critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 14:292–304CrossRefPubMed

Lima AF, Ribeiro AP, Soares DG, Sacono NT, Hebling J, De Souza Costa CA (2013) Toxic effects of daily applications of 10 % carbamide peroxide on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Acta Odontol Scand 71(5):1319–1325CrossRefPubMed

Heymann HO, Swift EJ, Bayne SC (1998) Clinical evaluation of two carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents. Compend Contin Educ Dent 19(4):359–362PubMed

Haywood VB, Leonard RH, Nelson CF, Brunson WD (1994) Effectiveness, side effects and long-term status on night guard vital bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 125(9):1219–1226CrossRefPubMed

Joiner A (2006) The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 34:412–419CrossRefPubMed

Ruse ND, Smith DC, Torneck CD, Titley KC (1990) Preliminary surface analysis of etched, bleached and normal bovine enamel. J Dent Res 69(9):1610–1613CrossRefPubMed

10.

Bowles WH, Ugwuneri Z (1987) Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. J Endocrinol 13(8):375–377

11.

Torres CRG, Souza CS, Borges AB, Filomena M, Huhtala RL, Caneppele TMF (2013) Influence of concentration and activation on hydrogen peroxide diffusion through dental tissues in vitro. Sci World J 1:193241

12.

Ubaldini AL, Baesso ML, Medina Neto A, Sato F, Bento AC, Pascotto RC (2013) Hydrogen peroxide diffusion dynamics in dental tissues. J Dent Res 92(7):661–665CrossRefPubMed

13.

Li Y (1996) Biological properties of peroxide-containing tooth whiteners. Food Chem Toxicol 34(9):887–904CrossRefPubMed

14.

Ribeiro DA, Marques MEA, Salvadori DMF (2006) Study of DNA damage induced by dental bleaching agents in vitro. Braz Oral Res 20(1):47–51PubMed

15.

Koulaouzidou EA, Papazisis KT, Economides N, Karanika-Kouma A, Kortsaris AH (2008) Cytotoxicity of 2 bleaching agents: an in vitro study. Balk J Stom 12(2):89–92

16.

Martindale JL, Holbrook NJ (2002) Cellular response to oxidative stress: signaling for suicide and survival. J Cell Physiol 192:1–15CrossRefPubMed

17.

Benetti AR, Valera MC, Mancini MN, Miranda CB, Balducci I (2004) In vitro penetration of bleaching agents into the pulp chamber. Int Endod J 37(2):120–124CrossRefPubMed

18.

Dias Ribeiro AP, Sacono NT, Lessa FC, Nogueira I, Coldebella CR, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA (2009) Cytotoxic effect of a 35 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108(3):458–464CrossRefPubMed

19.

Lee DH, Lim BS, Lee YK, Yang HC (2006) Effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization of odontoblast and osteoblast cell lines. Cell Biol Toxicol 22(1):39–46CrossRefPubMed

20.

Nour V, Trandafir I, Ionica ME (2010) HPLC organic acid analysis in different citrus juices, under reversed phase conditions. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 38(1):44–48

21.

Olteanu D, Filip A, Socaci C, Biris AR, Filip X, Coros M, Rosu MC, Pogacean F, Alb C, Baldea I, Bolfa P, Pruneanu S (2015) Cytotoxicity assessment of graphene-based nanomaterials on human dental follicle stem cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

22.

Cavalcanti BN, Rode SM, Marques MM (2005) Cytotoxicity of substances leached or dissolved from pulp capping materials. Int Endod J 38(8):505–509CrossRefPubMed

23.

Baldea I, Costin CE, Shellmann Y, Kechris K, Olteanu ED, Filip A, Cosgarea MR,. Norris DA, Birlea SA (2013) Biphasic pro-melanogenic and pro-apoptotic effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on human melanocytes: time-course study. J Dermatol Sci 72(2):168–176CrossRefPubMed

24.

Olteanu D, Baldea I, Clichici S, Bolfa P, Cenariu M, Schrepler-Perde M, Alupei M, Muresan A, Filip A (2014) In vitro studies on the mechanisms involved in chemoprevention using Calluna vulgaris on vascular endothelial cells exposed to UVB. J Photochem Photobiol B 136:54–61CrossRefPubMed

25.

Gujjari AK, Bhatnagar VM, Basavaraju RM (2013) Color stability and flexural strength of poly (methyl methacrylate) and bis-acrylic composite based provisional crown and bridge auto-polymerizing resins exposed to beverages and food dye: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 24(2):172–177CrossRefPubMed

26.

Hilton TJ, Ferracane JL, Broome J (2013) Fundamentals of operative dentistry. A contemporary approach, 4th edn. Quintessence Publ, Chicago Il

27.

Chu SJ, Devigus A, Paravina MAJ (2011) Fundamentals of color: shade matching and communication in esthetic dentistry, 2th edn. Quintessence Publ, Chicago Il

28.

Aren G (2003) In vitro effects of bleaching agents on FM3A cell line. Quintessence Int 34(5):361–365PubMed

29.

Soares DG, Pontes EC, Ribeiro AP, Basso FG, Hebling J, Costa CA (2013) Low toxic effects of a whitening strip to cultured pulp cells. Am J Dent 26(5):283–285PubMed

30.

Volk J, Leyhausen G, Dogan S, Geurtsen W (2007) Additive effects of TEGDMA and hydrogenperoxide on the cellular glutathione content of human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater 23:921–926CrossRefPubMed

31.

Abbott DA, Suir E, Duong GH, de Hulster E, Pronk JT, van Maris AJA (2009) Catalase overexpression reduces lactic acid-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(8):2320–2325CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Wagner S, Hussain MZ, Hunt TK, Bacic B, Becker HD (2004) Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by lactate-mediated oxidants. Wound Repair Regen 12(3):368–373CrossRefPubMed

33.

Bruno-Bárcena JM, Andrea Azcárate-Peril M, Hassan HM (2010) Role of antioxidant enzymes in bacterial resistance to organic acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(9):2747–2753CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Ali MA, Konishi T (1998) Enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction by alpha-hydroxy acid. Biochem Mol Biol Int 46:137–145PubMed

35.

Ali MA, Yasui F, Matsugo S, Konishi T (2000) The lactate-dependent enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation by the Fenton reaction. Free Radic Res 32:429–438CrossRefPubMed

36.

Perkins ND, Gilmore TD (2006) Good cop, bad cop: the different faces of NF-kB. Cell Death Differ 13:759–772CrossRefPubMed

37.

Schlatter R, Schmich K, Lutz A, Trefzger J, Sawodny O, Ederer M, Merfort I (2011) Modeling the TNFα-induced apoptosis pathway in hepatocytes. PLoS One 6(4):e18646. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018646 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Kim JJ, Lee SB, Park JK, Yoo YD (2010) TNF-α-induced ROS production triggering apoptosis is directly linked to Romo1 and Bcl-XL. Cell Death Differ 17:1420–1434CrossRefPubMed

39.

Villalta P, Lu H, Okte Z, Garcia-Godoy F, Powers JM (2006) Effects of staining and bleaching on color change of dental composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 95:137–142CrossRefPubMed

40.

Schemehorn B, Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Joiner A (2004) A SEM evaluation of a 6 % hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening gel on dental materials in vitro. J Dent 32(suppl.1):35–39CrossRefPubMed

41.

Prodan DA, Gasparik C, Mada DC, Miclăuș V, Băciuț M, Dudea D (2015) Influence of opacity on the color stability of a nanocomposite. Clin Oral Invest 19(4):87CrossRef

42.

Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Della Bona A, Igiel C, Linninger M, Sakai M, Takahashi H, Tashkandi E, Perez MM (2015) Color difference thresholds in dentistry. JERD 27(S1):S1–S9

Title: Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents
Authors: Ioana Baldea
Diana Elena Olteanu
Adriana Gabriela Filip
Mihai Cenariu
Diana Dudea
Alina Tofan
Camelia Alb
Marioara Moldovan
Publication date: 01-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1882-4

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Toxicity and efficiency study of plant extracts-based bleaching agents

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

The root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars: a comparative evaluation of cone-beam computed tomography and micro-computed tomography

Presence of plaque, gingivitis and caries in Sudanese children with congenital heart defects

Antagonist wear of monolithic zirconia crowns after 2 years

Narrowing of the radicular pulp space in coronally restored teeth

Comparison of ozone gas and sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine two-visit disinfection protocols in treating apical periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Evaluation of cavity wall adaptation of bulk esthetic materials to restore class II cavities in primary molars