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Clinical Oral Investigations

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01-01-2013 | Original Article

Gingival fluid cytokine expression and subgingival bacterial counts during pregnancy and postpartum: a case series

Authors: Regina Alessandri Bieri, Laurence Adriaens, Stefan Spörri, Niklaus P. Lang, G. Rutger Persson

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess gingival fluid (GCF) cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, subgingival bacteria, and clinical periodontal conditions during a normal pregnancy to postpartum.

Materials and methods

Subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed with the checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method. GCF samples were assessed with real-time PCR including five proinflammatory cytokines and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.

Results

Nineteen pregnant women with a mean age of 32 years (S.D. ± 4 years, range 26–42) participated in the study. Full-mouth bleeding scores (BOP) decreased from an average of 41.2% (S.D. ± 18.6%) at the 12th week of pregnancy to 26.6% (S.D. ± 14.4%) at the 4–6 weeks postpartum (p < 0.001). Between week 12 and 4–6 weeks postpartum, the mean probing pocket depth changed from 2.4 mm (S.D. ± 0.4) to 2.3 mm (S.D. ± 0.3) (p = 0.34). Higher counts of Eubacterium saburreum, Parvimonas micra, Selenomonas noxia, and Staphylococcus aureus were found at week 12 of pregnancy than at the 4–6 weeks postpartum examinations (p < 0.001). During and after pregnancy, statistically significant correlations between BOP scores and bacterial counts were observed. BOP scores and GCF levels of selected cytokines were not related to each other and no differences in GCF levels of the cytokines were observed between samples from the 12th week of pregnancy to 4–6 weeks postpartum. Decreasing postpartum counts of Porphyromonas endodontalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were associated with decreasing levels of Il-8 and Il-1β.

Conclusions

BOP decreased after pregnancy without any active periodontal therapy. Associations between bacterial counts and cytokine levels varied greatly in pregnant women with gingivitis and a normal pregnancy outcome. Postpartum associations between GCF cytokines and bacterial counts were more consistent.

Clinical relevance

Combined assessments of gingival fluid cytokines and subgingival bacteria may provide important information on host response.

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Title: Gingival fluid cytokine expression and subgingival bacterial counts during pregnancy and postpartum: a case series
Authors: Regina Alessandri Bieri
Laurence Adriaens
Stefan Spörri
Niklaus P. Lang
G. Rutger Persson
Publication date: 01-01-2013
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0674-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Gingival fluid cytokine expression and subgingival bacterial counts during pregnancy and postpartum: a case series

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

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