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Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Published in: Journal of Orthopaedic Science 6/2011

01-11-2011 | Original Article

Three-dimensional in vivo motion analysis of normal knees using single-plane fluoroscopy

Authors: Osamu Tanifuji, Takashi Sato, Koichi Kobayashi, Tomoharu Mochizuki, Yoshio Koga, Hiroshi Yamagiwa, Go Omori, Naoto Endo

Published in: Journal of Orthopaedic Science | Issue 6/2011

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Abstract

Background

Analysis of the movement of anatomically defined reference axes at the femoral condyles relative to the tibia is appropriate for evaluating knee kinematics. However, such parameters have been previously employed only in studies utilizing stop-motion techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo dynamic kinematics for full range of motion in normal knees using the three-dimensional to two-dimensional registration technique and to compare them with previously reported normal knee kinematics obtained via stop-motion techniques.

Methods

Dynamic motion of the right knee was analyzed in 20 healthy volunteers (10 female, 10 male; mean age 37.2 years). Knee motion was observed when subjects squatted from standing with the knee fully extended to maximum flexion. We determined the following parameters: (1) changes to angles of the geometric center axis (GCA) on the tibial axial plane (rotation angle); (2) anteroposterior translations of the medial and lateral ends of the GCA; and (3) motion patterns in each phase during knee flexion.

Results

All subjects exhibited femoral external rotation (26.1°) relative to the tibia throughout knee flexion. The medial femoral condyle demonstrated anterior translation (5.5 mm) from full extension to 100° flexion, and demonstrated posterior translation (3.9 mm) after 100°, while the lateral femoral condyle demonstrated consistent posterior translation (15.6 mm) throughout knee flexion. All subjects showed medial pivot motion from full extension to nearly 120° flexion. From 120° flexion, bicondylar rollback motion was observed.

Discussion

Although the behavior of the medial femoral condyle in our analysis differed somewhat from that seen in previous cadaver studies, the results obtained using dynamic analysis were generally equivalent to those obtained in previous studies employing stop-motion techniques. These results provide control data for future dynamic kinematic analyses of pathological knees.
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Metadata
Title
Three-dimensional in vivo motion analysis of normal knees using single-plane fluoroscopy
Authors
Osamu Tanifuji
Takashi Sato
Koichi Kobayashi
Tomoharu Mochizuki
Yoshio Koga
Hiroshi Yamagiwa
Go Omori
Naoto Endo
Publication date
01-11-2011
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Orthopaedic Science / Issue 6/2011
Print ISSN: 0949-2658
Electronic ISSN: 1436-2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00776-011-0149-9

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