Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Neural Transmission 3/2015

01-03-2015 | Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Original Article

Patients with mild cognitive impairment have an abnormal upper-alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) during a task of temporal attention

Authors: Giuseppe Caravaglios, Emma Gabriella Muscoso, Giulia Di Maria, Erminio Costanzo

Published in: Journal of Neural Transmission | Issue 3/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

There are several evidences indicating that an impairment in attention-executive functions is present in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease and predict future global cognitive decline. In particular, the issue of temporal orienting of attention in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease has been overlooked. The present research aimed to explore whether subtle deficits of cortical activation are present in these patients early in the course of the disease. We studied the upper-alpha event-related synchronization/desynchronization phenomenon during a paradigm of temporal orientation of attention. MCI patients (n = 27) and healthy elderly controls (n = 15) performed a task in which periodically omitted tones had to be predicted and their virtual onset time had to be marked by pressing a button. Single-trial responses were measured, respectively, before and after the motor response. Then, upper-alpha responses were compared to upper-alpha power during eyes-closed resting state. The time course of the task was characterized by two different behavioral conditions: (1) a pre-event epoch, in which the subject awaited the virtual onset of the omitted tone, (2) a post-event epoch (after button pressing), in which the subject was in a post-motor response condition. The principal findings are: (1) during the waiting epoch, only healthy elderly had an upper-alpha ERD at the level of both temporal and posterior brain regions; (2) during the post-motor epoch, the aMCI patients had a weaker upper-alpha ERS on prefrontal regions; (3) only healthy elderly showed a laterality effect: (a) during the waiting epoch, the upper-alpha ERD was greater at the level of the right posterior-temporal lead; during the post-motor epoch, the upper alpha ERS was greater on the left prefrontal lead. The relevance of these findings is that the weaker upper-alpha response observed in aMCI patients is evident even if the accuracy of the behavioral performance (i.e., button pressing) is still spared. This abnormal upper-alpha response might represent an early biomarker of the attention-executive network impairment in MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease.
Literature
go back to reference Adler G, Brassen S, Jajcevic A (2003) EEG coherence in Alzheimer’s dementia. J Neural Transm 110:1051–1058PubMed Adler G, Brassen S, Jajcevic A (2003) EEG coherence in Alzheimer’s dementia. J Neural Transm 110:1051–1058PubMed
go back to reference Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Snyder PJ, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH (2011) The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7(3):270–279PubMedCentralPubMed Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Snyder PJ, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH (2011) The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 7(3):270–279PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Aron AR, Monsell S, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2004) A componential analysis of task-switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex. Brain 127:1561–1573PubMed Aron AR, Monsell S, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2004) A componential analysis of task-switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex. Brain 127:1561–1573PubMed
go back to reference Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Hirata K, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Rossini PM (2006) Sources of cortical rhythms change as a function of cognitive impairment in pathological aging: a multicenter study. Clin Neurophysiol 117:252–268PubMed Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Hirata K, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Rossini PM (2006) Sources of cortical rhythms change as a function of cognitive impairment in pathological aging: a multicenter study. Clin Neurophysiol 117:252–268PubMed
go back to reference Bachman P, Kim J, Yee CM, Therman S, Manninen M, Lönnqvist J, Kaprio J, Huttunen MO, Näätänen R, Cannon TD (2008) Abnormally high EEG alpha synchrony during working memory maintenance in twins discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 103:293–297PubMedCentralPubMed Bachman P, Kim J, Yee CM, Therman S, Manninen M, Lönnqvist J, Kaprio J, Huttunen MO, Näätänen R, Cannon TD (2008) Abnormally high EEG alpha synchrony during working memory maintenance in twins discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 103:293–297PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Bäckman L, Jones S, Berger AK, Laukka EJ, Small BJ (2005) Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychology 19:520–531PubMed Bäckman L, Jones S, Berger AK, Laukka EJ, Small BJ (2005) Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychology 19:520–531PubMed
go back to reference Başar E (2006) The theory of the whole brain work. Int J Psychophysiol 60:133–138PubMed Başar E (2006) The theory of the whole brain work. Int J Psychophysiol 60:133–138PubMed
go back to reference Başar E (2012) A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: fundamental physiology, sensory coding, cognition and pathology. Int J Psychophysiol 86:1–24PubMed Başar E (2012) A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: fundamental physiology, sensory coding, cognition and pathology. Int J Psychophysiol 86:1–24PubMed
go back to reference Başar E, Güntekin B (2012) A short review of alpha activity in cognitive processes and in cognitive impairment. Int J Psychophysiol 86:25–38PubMed Başar E, Güntekin B (2012) A short review of alpha activity in cognitive processes and in cognitive impairment. Int J Psychophysiol 86:25–38PubMed
go back to reference Başar E, Güntekin B, Tülay E, Yener GG (2010) Evoked and event related coherence of Alzheimer patients manifest differentiation of sensory-cognitive networks. Brain Res 1357:79–90PubMed Başar E, Güntekin B, Tülay E, Yener GG (2010) Evoked and event related coherence of Alzheimer patients manifest differentiation of sensory-cognitive networks. Brain Res 1357:79–90PubMed
go back to reference Bélanger S, Belleville S (2009) Semantic inhibition impairment in mild cognitive impairment: a distinctive feature of upcoming cognitive decline? Neuropsychology 23:592–606PubMed Bélanger S, Belleville S (2009) Semantic inhibition impairment in mild cognitive impairment: a distinctive feature of upcoming cognitive decline? Neuropsychology 23:592–606PubMed
go back to reference Besthorn C, Zerfass R, Geiger-Kabisch C, Sattel H, Daniel S, Schreiter-Gasser U, Förstl H (1997) Discrimination of Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging by EEG data. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103:241–248PubMed Besthorn C, Zerfass R, Geiger-Kabisch C, Sattel H, Daniel S, Schreiter-Gasser U, Förstl H (1997) Discrimination of Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging by EEG data. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103:241–248PubMed
go back to reference Blacker D, Lee H, Muzikansky A, Martin EC, Tanzi R, McArdle JJ, Moss M, Albert M (2007) Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline. Arch Neurol 64:862–871PubMed Blacker D, Lee H, Muzikansky A, Martin EC, Tanzi R, McArdle JJ, Moss M, Albert M (2007) Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline. Arch Neurol 64:862–871PubMed
go back to reference Blankenship AB (1938) Memory span: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull 35:1–25 Blankenship AB (1938) Memory span: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull 35:1–25
go back to reference Boiten F, Sergeant J, Geuze R (1992) Event-related desynchronization: the effects of energetic and computational demands. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 82:302–309PubMed Boiten F, Sergeant J, Geuze R (1992) Event-related desynchronization: the effects of energetic and computational demands. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 82:302–309PubMed
go back to reference Brunia CH (1999) Neural aspects of anticipatory behavior. Acta Psychol Amst 101:213–242 (Review)PubMed Brunia CH (1999) Neural aspects of anticipatory behavior. Acta Psychol Amst 101:213–242 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Burgess AP, Gruzelier JH (1996) The reliability of event-related desynchronisation: a generalisability study analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 23:163–169PubMed Burgess AP, Gruzelier JH (1996) The reliability of event-related desynchronisation: a generalisability study analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 23:163–169PubMed
go back to reference Capotosto P, Perrucci MG, Brunetti M, Del Gratta C, Doppelmayr M, Grabner RH, Klimesch W, Neubauer A, Neuper C, Pfurtscheller G, Romani GL, Babiloni C (2009) Is there “neural efficiency” during the processing of visuo-spatial information in male humans? An EEG study. Behav Brain Res 205:468–474PubMed Capotosto P, Perrucci MG, Brunetti M, Del Gratta C, Doppelmayr M, Grabner RH, Klimesch W, Neubauer A, Neuper C, Pfurtscheller G, Romani GL, Babiloni C (2009) Is there “neural efficiency” during the processing of visuo-spatial information in male humans? An EEG study. Behav Brain Res 205:468–474PubMed
go back to reference Cappell KA, Gmeindl L, Reuter-Lorenz PA (2010) Age differences in prefrontal recruitment during verbal working memory maintenance depend on memory load. Cortex 46:462–473PubMedCentralPubMed Cappell KA, Gmeindl L, Reuter-Lorenz PA (2010) Age differences in prefrontal recruitment during verbal working memory maintenance depend on memory load. Cortex 46:462–473PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Caravaglios G, Muscoso EG, Di Maria G, Costanzo E (2013) Theta responses are abnormal in mild cognitive impairment: evidence from analysis of theta event-related synchronization during a temporal expectancy task. J Neural Transm 120:1093–1107PubMed Caravaglios G, Muscoso EG, Di Maria G, Costanzo E (2013) Theta responses are abnormal in mild cognitive impairment: evidence from analysis of theta event-related synchronization during a temporal expectancy task. J Neural Transm 120:1093–1107PubMed
go back to reference Chiaramonti R, Muscas GC, Paganini M, Müller TJ, Fallgatter AJ, Versari A, Strik WK (1997) Correlations of topographical EEG features with clinical severity in mild and moderate dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuropsychobiology 36:153–158PubMed Chiaramonti R, Muscas GC, Paganini M, Müller TJ, Fallgatter AJ, Versari A, Strik WK (1997) Correlations of topographical EEG features with clinical severity in mild and moderate dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuropsychobiology 36:153–158PubMed
go back to reference Congdon E, Mumford JA, Cohen JR, Galvan A, Aron AR, Xue G, Miller E, Poldrack RA (2010) Engagement of large-scale networks is related to individual differences in inhibitory control. Neuroimage 53:653–663PubMedCentralPubMed Congdon E, Mumford JA, Cohen JR, Galvan A, Aron AR, Xue G, Miller E, Poldrack RA (2010) Engagement of large-scale networks is related to individual differences in inhibitory control. Neuroimage 53:653–663PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Coull JT (2004) fMRI studies of temporal attention: allocating attention within, or towards, time. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 21:216–226PubMed Coull JT (2004) fMRI studies of temporal attention: allocating attention within, or towards, time. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 21:216–226PubMed
go back to reference Coull JT, Nobre AC (1998) Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J Neurosci 18:7426–7435PubMed Coull JT, Nobre AC (1998) Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J Neurosci 18:7426–7435PubMed
go back to reference Coull J, Nobre A (2008) Dissociating explicit timing from temporal expectation with fMRI. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18:137–144 (Review)PubMed Coull J, Nobre A (2008) Dissociating explicit timing from temporal expectation with fMRI. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18:137–144 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Dannhauser TM, Walker Z, Stevens T, Lee L, Seal M, Shergill SS (2005) The functional anatomy of divided attention in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain 128:1418–1427PubMed Dannhauser TM, Walker Z, Stevens T, Lee L, Seal M, Shergill SS (2005) The functional anatomy of divided attention in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain 128:1418–1427PubMed
go back to reference Defebvre L, Bourriez JL, Destée A, Guieu JD (1996) Movement related desynchronisation pattern preceding voluntary movement in untreated Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:307–312PubMedCentralPubMed Defebvre L, Bourriez JL, Destée A, Guieu JD (1996) Movement related desynchronisation pattern preceding voluntary movement in untreated Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:307–312PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Deiber MP, Missonnier P, Bertrand O, Gold G, Fazio-Costa L, Ibañez V, Giannakopoulos P (2007) Distinction between perceptual and attentional processing in working memory tasks: a study of phase-locked and induced oscillatory brain dynamics. J Cogn Neurosci 19:158–172PubMed Deiber MP, Missonnier P, Bertrand O, Gold G, Fazio-Costa L, Ibañez V, Giannakopoulos P (2007) Distinction between perceptual and attentional processing in working memory tasks: a study of phase-locked and induced oscillatory brain dynamics. J Cogn Neurosci 19:158–172PubMed
go back to reference Derambure P, Defebvre L, Dujardin K, Bourriez JL, Jacquesson JM, Destee A, Guieu JD (1993) Effect of aging on the spatio-temporal pattern of event-related desynchronization during a voluntary movement. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 89:197–203PubMed Derambure P, Defebvre L, Dujardin K, Bourriez JL, Jacquesson JM, Destee A, Guieu JD (1993) Effect of aging on the spatio-temporal pattern of event-related desynchronization during a voluntary movement. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 89:197–203PubMed
go back to reference Doherty JR, Rao A, Mesulam MM, Nobre AC (2005) Synergistic effect of combined temporal and spatial visual expectations on visual attention. J Neurosci 25:8259–8266 Doherty JR, Rao A, Mesulam MM, Nobre AC (2005) Synergistic effect of combined temporal and spatial visual expectations on visual attention. J Neurosci 25:8259–8266
go back to reference Doppelmayr M, Klimesch W, Hödlmoser K, Sauseng P, Gruber W (2005) Intelligence related upper alpha desynchronization in a semantic memory task. Brain Res Bull 66:171–177PubMed Doppelmayr M, Klimesch W, Hödlmoser K, Sauseng P, Gruber W (2005) Intelligence related upper alpha desynchronization in a semantic memory task. Brain Res Bull 66:171–177PubMed
go back to reference Drago V, Babiloni C, Bartrés-Faz D, Caroli A, Bosch B, Hensch T, Didic M, Klafki HW, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Venturi L, Spitzer P, Vecchio F, Schoenknecht P, Wiltfang J, Redolfi A, Forloni G, Blin O, Irving E, Davis C, Hårdemark HG, Frisoni GB (2011) Disease tracking markers for Alzheimer’s disease at the prodromal (MCI) stage. J Alzheimers Dis 26(Suppl 3):159–199PubMed Drago V, Babiloni C, Bartrés-Faz D, Caroli A, Bosch B, Hensch T, Didic M, Klafki HW, Pievani M, Jovicich J, Venturi L, Spitzer P, Vecchio F, Schoenknecht P, Wiltfang J, Redolfi A, Forloni G, Blin O, Irving E, Davis C, Hårdemark HG, Frisoni GB (2011) Disease tracking markers for Alzheimer’s disease at the prodromal (MCI) stage. J Alzheimers Dis 26(Suppl 3):159–199PubMed
go back to reference Ferreira D, Perestelo-Pérez L, Westman E, Wahlund LO, Sarría A, Serrano-Aguilar P (2014) Meta-review of CSF core biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: the state of the art after the new revised diagnostic criteria. Front Aging Neurosci 6:47PubMedCentralPubMed Ferreira D, Perestelo-Pérez L, Westman E, Wahlund LO, Sarría A, Serrano-Aguilar P (2014) Meta-review of CSF core biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: the state of the art after the new revised diagnostic criteria. Front Aging Neurosci 6:47PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Fine EM, Delis DC, Wetter SR, Jacobson MW, Jak AJ, McDonald CR, Braga JC, Thal LJ, Salmon DP, Bondi MW (2008) Cognitive discrepancies versus APOE genotype as predictors of cognitive decline in normal-functioning elderly individuals: a longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:366–374PubMedCentralPubMed Fine EM, Delis DC, Wetter SR, Jacobson MW, Jak AJ, McDonald CR, Braga JC, Thal LJ, Salmon DP, Bondi MW (2008) Cognitive discrepancies versus APOE genotype as predictors of cognitive decline in normal-functioning elderly individuals: a longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:366–374PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P (1975) “Mini Mental State”—a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychitric Res 12:189–198 Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P (1975) “Mini Mental State”—a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychitric Res 12:189–198
go back to reference Foxe JJ, Simpson GV, Ahlfors SP (1998) Parieto-occipital approximately 10 Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms. NeuroReport 9:3929–3933PubMed Foxe JJ, Simpson GV, Ahlfors SP (1998) Parieto-occipital approximately 10 Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms. NeuroReport 9:3929–3933PubMed
go back to reference Frisoni GB, Fox NC, Jack CR Jr, Scheltens P, Thompson PM (2010) The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 6:67–77PubMedCentralPubMed Frisoni GB, Fox NC, Jack CR Jr, Scheltens P, Thompson PM (2010) The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 6:67–77PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Galvin JE, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Mintun MA, Morris JC (2010) Relationship of dementia screening tests with biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 133:3290–3300PubMedCentralPubMed Galvin JE, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Mintun MA, Morris JC (2010) Relationship of dementia screening tests with biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 133:3290–3300PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Giovagnoli AR, Del Pesce M, Mascheroni S, Simoncelli M, Laiacona M, Capitani E (1996) Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls. Ital J Neurol Sci 17:305–309PubMed Giovagnoli AR, Del Pesce M, Mascheroni S, Simoncelli M, Laiacona M, Capitani E (1996) Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls. Ital J Neurol Sci 17:305–309PubMed
go back to reference Gold DA (2012) An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 34:11–34PubMed Gold DA (2012) An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 34:11–34PubMed
go back to reference Gomar JJ, Bobes-Bascaran MT, Conejero-Goldberg C, Davies P, Goldberg TE, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2011) Utility of combinations of biomarkers, cognitive markers, and risk factors to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease in patients in the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:961–969PubMed Gomar JJ, Bobes-Bascaran MT, Conejero-Goldberg C, Davies P, Goldberg TE, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2011) Utility of combinations of biomarkers, cognitive markers, and risk factors to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease in patients in the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:961–969PubMed
go back to reference Gould IC, Rushworth MF, Nobre AC (2011) Indexing the graded allocation of visuospatial attention using anticipatory alpha oscillations. J Neurophysiol 105:1318–1326PubMedCentralPubMed Gould IC, Rushworth MF, Nobre AC (2011) Indexing the graded allocation of visuospatial attention using anticipatory alpha oscillations. J Neurophysiol 105:1318–1326PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Güntekin B, Saatçi E, Yener G (2008) Decrease of evoked delta, theta and alpha coherences in Alzheimer patients during a visual oddball paradigm. Brain Res 1235:109–116PubMed Güntekin B, Saatçi E, Yener G (2008) Decrease of evoked delta, theta and alpha coherences in Alzheimer patients during a visual oddball paradigm. Brain Res 1235:109–116PubMed
go back to reference Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zilhka E, Du Boulay GH, McAllister VL, Marshall J, Russell RW, Symon L (1975) Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Arch Neurol 32:632–637PubMed Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zilhka E, Du Boulay GH, McAllister VL, Marshall J, Russell RW, Symon L (1975) Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Arch Neurol 32:632–637PubMed
go back to reference Hartmann T, Schlee W, Weisz N (2012) It’s only in your head: expectancy of aversive auditory stimulation modulates stimulus-induced auditory cortical alpha desynchronization. Neuroimage 60:170–178PubMed Hartmann T, Schlee W, Weisz N (2012) It’s only in your head: expectancy of aversive auditory stimulation modulates stimulus-induced auditory cortical alpha desynchronization. Neuroimage 60:170–178PubMed
go back to reference Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL (1982) A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 140:566–572PubMed Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL (1982) A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 140:566–572PubMed
go back to reference Huntley JD, Howard RJ (2010) Working memory in early Alzheimer’s disease: a neuropsychological review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:121–132PubMed Huntley JD, Howard RJ (2010) Working memory in early Alzheimer’s disease: a neuropsychological review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:121–132PubMed
go back to reference John ER, Prichep L (1993) Principles of neurometric analysis of EEG and evoked potentials. In: Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva FH (eds) Electroencephalography: basic principles and clinical applications, and related fields. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 989–1004 John ER, Prichep L (1993) Principles of neurometric analysis of EEG and evoked potentials. In: Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva FH (eds) Electroencephalography: basic principles and clinical applications, and related fields. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 989–1004
go back to reference Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW (1963) Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 185:914–919PubMed Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW (1963) Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 185:914–919PubMed
go back to reference Kelly SP, Gomez-Ramirez M, Foxe JJ (2009) The strength of anticipatory spatial biasing predicts target discrimination at attended locations: a high-density EEG study. Eur J Neurosci 30:2224–2234PubMed Kelly SP, Gomez-Ramirez M, Foxe JJ (2009) The strength of anticipatory spatial biasing predicts target discrimination at attended locations: a high-density EEG study. Eur J Neurosci 30:2224–2234PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W (1996) Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization. Int J Psychophysiol 24:61–100 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W (1996) Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization. Int J Psychophysiol 24:61–100 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W (1997) EEG-alpha rhythms and memory processes. Int J Psychophysiol 26:319–340 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W (1997) EEG-alpha rhythms and memory processes. Int J Psychophysiol 26:319–340 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W (1999) EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 29:169–195 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W (1999) EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 29:169–195 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Schimke H, Pfurtscheller G (1993) Alpha frequency, cognitive load and memory performance. Brain Topogr 5:241–251PubMed Klimesch W, Schimke H, Pfurtscheller G (1993) Alpha frequency, cognitive load and memory performance. Brain Topogr 5:241–251PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Schimke H, Schwaiger J (1994) Episodic and semantic memory: an analysis in the EEG theta and alpha band. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91:428–441PubMed Klimesch W, Schimke H, Schwaiger J (1994) Episodic and semantic memory: an analysis in the EEG theta and alpha band. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91:428–441PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Pachinger T, Russegger H (1997) Event-related desynchronization in the alpha band and the processing of semantic information. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 6:83–94 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Pachinger T, Russegger H (1997) Event-related desynchronization in the alpha band and the processing of semantic information. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 6:83–94 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Schack B, Sauseng P (2005) The functional significance of theta and upper alpha oscillations. Exp Psychol 52:99–108PubMed Klimesch W, Schack B, Sauseng P (2005) The functional significance of theta and upper alpha oscillations. Exp Psychol 52:99–108PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Sauseng P, Hanslmayr S (2007) EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Res Rev 53:63–88 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W, Sauseng P, Hanslmayr S (2007) EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Res Rev 53:63–88 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Klimesch W, Freunberger R, Sauseng P, Gruber W (2008) A short review of slow phase synchronization and memory: evidence for control processes in different memory systems? Brain Res 1235:31–44 (Review)PubMed Klimesch W, Freunberger R, Sauseng P, Gruber W (2008) A short review of slow phase synchronization and memory: evidence for control processes in different memory systems? Brain Res 1235:31–44 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Koh Y, Shin KS, Kim JS, Choi JS, Kang DH, Jang JH, Cho KH, O’Donnell BF, Chung CK, Kwon JS (2011) An MEG study of alpha modulation in patients with schizophrenia and in subjects at high risk of developing psychosis. Schizophr Res 126:36–42PubMed Koh Y, Shin KS, Kim JS, Choi JS, Kang DH, Jang JH, Cho KH, O’Donnell BF, Chung CK, Kwon JS (2011) An MEG study of alpha modulation in patients with schizophrenia and in subjects at high risk of developing psychosis. Schizophr Res 126:36–42PubMed
go back to reference Krause CM (2006) Cognition- and memory-related ERD/ERS responses in the auditory stimulus modality. Prog Brain Res 159:197–207PubMed Krause CM (2006) Cognition- and memory-related ERD/ERS responses in the auditory stimulus modality. Prog Brain Res 159:197–207PubMed
go back to reference Kwak YT (2006) Quantitative EEG findings in different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Neurophysiol 23:456–461PubMed Kwak YT (2006) Quantitative EEG findings in different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Neurophysiol 23:456–461PubMed
go back to reference Lawton MP, Brody EM (1969) Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 9:179–186PubMed Lawton MP, Brody EM (1969) Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 9:179–186PubMed
go back to reference Lehrner J, Gufler R, Guttmann G, Maly J, Gleiss A, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P (2005) Annual conversion to alzheimer disease among patients with memory complaints attending an outpatient memory clinic: the influence of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and the predictive value of neuropsychological testing. Wien Klin Wochenschr 117:629–635PubMed Lehrner J, Gufler R, Guttmann G, Maly J, Gleiss A, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P (2005) Annual conversion to alzheimer disease among patients with memory complaints attending an outpatient memory clinic: the influence of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and the predictive value of neuropsychological testing. Wien Klin Wochenschr 117:629–635PubMed
go back to reference Lehrner J, Pusswald G, Gleiss A, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P (2009) Odor identification and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropsychol 23(5):818–830PubMed Lehrner J, Pusswald G, Gleiss A, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P (2009) Odor identification and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropsychol 23(5):818–830PubMed
go back to reference Maltseva I, Geissler HG, Başar E (2000) Alpha oscillations as an indicator of dynamic memory operations—anticipation of omitted stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 36:185–197PubMed Maltseva I, Geissler HG, Başar E (2000) Alpha oscillations as an indicator of dynamic memory operations—anticipation of omitted stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 36:185–197PubMed
go back to reference Missonnier P, Hasler R, Perroud N, Herrmann FR, Millet P, Richiardi J, Malafosse A, Giannakopoulos P, Baud P (2013) EEG anomalies in adult ADHD subjects performing a working memory task. Neuroscience 241:135–146PubMed Missonnier P, Hasler R, Perroud N, Herrmann FR, Millet P, Richiardi J, Malafosse A, Giannakopoulos P, Baud P (2013) EEG anomalies in adult ADHD subjects performing a working memory task. Neuroscience 241:135–146PubMed
go back to reference Müller N, Weisz N (2012) Lateralized auditory cortical alpha band activity and interregional connectivity pattern reflect anticipation of target sounds. Cereb Cortex 22:1604–1613PubMed Müller N, Weisz N (2012) Lateralized auditory cortical alpha band activity and interregional connectivity pattern reflect anticipation of target sounds. Cereb Cortex 22:1604–1613PubMed
go back to reference Neubauer AC, Fink A, Grabner RH (2006) Sensitivity of alpha band ERD to individual differences in cognition. Prog Brain Res 159:167–178 (Review)PubMed Neubauer AC, Fink A, Grabner RH (2006) Sensitivity of alpha band ERD to individual differences in cognition. Prog Brain Res 159:167–178 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Neuper C, Grabner RH, Fink A, Neubauer AC (2005) Long-term stability and consistency of EEG event-related (de-)synchronization across different cognitive tasks. Clin Neurophysiol 116:1681–1694PubMed Neuper C, Grabner RH, Fink A, Neubauer AC (2005) Long-term stability and consistency of EEG event-related (de-)synchronization across different cognitive tasks. Clin Neurophysiol 116:1681–1694PubMed
go back to reference Nunez PL, Wingeier BM, Silberstein RB (2001) Spatio-temporal structure of human alpha rhythms: theory, microcurrent sources, multiscale measurements, and global binding of local networks. Hum Brain Mapp 13:125–164 (Review) Nunez PL, Wingeier BM, Silberstein RB (2001) Spatio-temporal structure of human alpha rhythms: theory, microcurrent sources, multiscale measurements, and global binding of local networks. Hum Brain Mapp 13:125–164 (Review)
go back to reference O’Reilly JX, McCarthy KJ, Capizzi M, Nobre AC (2008) Acquisition of the temporal and ordinal structure of movement sequences in incidental learning. J Neurophysiol 99:2731–2735PubMed O’Reilly JX, McCarthy KJ, Capizzi M, Nobre AC (2008) Acquisition of the temporal and ordinal structure of movement sequences in incidental learning. J Neurophysiol 99:2731–2735PubMed
go back to reference Palva S, Palva JM (2007) New vistas for alpha-frequency band oscillations. Trends Neurosci 30:150–158 (Review)PubMed Palva S, Palva JM (2007) New vistas for alpha-frequency band oscillations. Trends Neurosci 30:150–158 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Palva S, Palva JM (2011) Functional roles of alpha-band phase synchronization in local and large-scale cortical networks. Front Psychol 2:204PubMedCentralPubMed Palva S, Palva JM (2011) Functional roles of alpha-band phase synchronization in local and large-scale cortical networks. Front Psychol 2:204PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Petersen RC (2011) Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med 364:2227–2234PubMed Petersen RC (2011) Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med 364:2227–2234PubMed
go back to reference Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Geda YE, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Jack CR Jr (2009) Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Arch Neurol 66:1447–1455PubMedCentralPubMed Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Geda YE, Ivnik RJ, Smith GE, Jack CR Jr (2009) Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Arch Neurol 66:1447–1455PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Pfurtscheller G (2003) Induced oscillations in the alpha band: functional meaning. Epilepsia 44(Suppl 12):2–8PubMed Pfurtscheller G (2003) Induced oscillations in the alpha band: functional meaning. Epilepsia 44(Suppl 12):2–8PubMed
go back to reference Pfurtscheller G (2006) The cortical activation model (CAM). Prog Brain Res 159:19–27 (Review)PubMed Pfurtscheller G (2006) The cortical activation model (CAM). Prog Brain Res 159:19–27 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Pfurtscheller G, Klimesch W (1992) Functional topography during a visuoverbal judgment task studied with event-related desynchronization mapping. J Clin Neurophysiol 9:120–131PubMed Pfurtscheller G, Klimesch W (1992) Functional topography during a visuoverbal judgment task studied with event-related desynchronization mapping. J Clin Neurophysiol 9:120–131PubMed
go back to reference Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH (1999) Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1842–1857PubMed Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH (1999) Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1842–1857PubMed
go back to reference Pfurtscheller G, Neuper C, Mohl W (1994) Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during visual processing. Int J Psychophysiol 16:147–153PubMed Pfurtscheller G, Neuper C, Mohl W (1994) Event-related desynchronization (ERD) during visual processing. Int J Psychophysiol 16:147–153PubMed
go back to reference Polich J (1987) Response mode and P300 from auditory stimuli. Biol Psychol 25:61–71PubMed Polich J (1987) Response mode and P300 from auditory stimuli. Biol Psychol 25:61–71PubMed
go back to reference Püregger E, Walla P, Deecke L, Dal-Bianco P (2003) Magnetoencephalographic features related to mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage 20:2235–2244PubMed Püregger E, Walla P, Deecke L, Dal-Bianco P (2003) Magnetoencephalographic features related to mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage 20:2235–2244PubMed
go back to reference Pusswald G, Moser D, Gleiss A, Janzek-Hawlat S, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P, Lehrner J (2013) Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in patients attending a memory outpatient clinic—comparison of two modes of mild cognitive impairment classification. Results of the Vienna Conversion to Dementia Study. Alzheimers Dement 9(4):366–376PubMed Pusswald G, Moser D, Gleiss A, Janzek-Hawlat S, Auff E, Dal-Bianco P, Lehrner J (2013) Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in patients attending a memory outpatient clinic—comparison of two modes of mild cognitive impairment classification. Results of the Vienna Conversion to Dementia Study. Alzheimers Dement 9(4):366–376PubMed
go back to reference Rey A (1958) L’Examen Clinique en Psychologie. Press Universitaire de France, Paris Rey A (1958) L’Examen Clinique en Psychologie. Press Universitaire de France, Paris
go back to reference Ricceri L, Minghetti L, Moles A, Popoli P, Confaloni A, De Simone R, Piscopo P, Scattoni ML, di Luca M, Calamandrei G (2004) Cognitive and neurological deficits induced by early and prolonged basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction in rats. Exp Neurol 189:162–172PubMed Ricceri L, Minghetti L, Moles A, Popoli P, Confaloni A, De Simone R, Piscopo P, Scattoni ML, di Luca M, Calamandrei G (2004) Cognitive and neurological deficits induced by early and prolonged basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction in rats. Exp Neurol 189:162–172PubMed
go back to reference Rihs TA, Michel CM, Thut G (2007) Mechanisms of selective inhibition in visual spatial attention are indexed by alpha-band EEG synchronization. Eur J Neurosci 25:603–610PubMed Rihs TA, Michel CM, Thut G (2007) Mechanisms of selective inhibition in visual spatial attention are indexed by alpha-band EEG synchronization. Eur J Neurosci 25:603–610PubMed
go back to reference Rihs TA, Michel CM, Thut G (2009) A bias for posterior alpha-band power suppression versus enhancement during shifting versus maintenance of spatial attention. Neuroimage 44:190–199PubMed Rihs TA, Michel CM, Thut G (2009) A bias for posterior alpha-band power suppression versus enhancement during shifting versus maintenance of spatial attention. Neuroimage 44:190–199PubMed
go back to reference Rodriguez G, Copello F, Vitali P, Perego G, Nobili F (1999) EEG spectral profile to stage Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1831–1837PubMed Rodriguez G, Copello F, Vitali P, Perego G, Nobili F (1999) EEG spectral profile to stage Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1831–1837PubMed
go back to reference Rohenkohl G, Nobre AC (2011) α oscillations related to anticipatory attention follow temporal expectations. J Neurosci 31:14076–14084PubMedCentralPubMed Rohenkohl G, Nobre AC (2011) α oscillations related to anticipatory attention follow temporal expectations. J Neurosci 31:14076–14084PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Romei V, Gross J, Thut G (2010) On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation? J Neurosci 30:8692–8697PubMed Romei V, Gross J, Thut G (2010) On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation? J Neurosci 30:8692–8697PubMed
go back to reference Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Kaufer D, Malloy P, Coburn KL, Black KJ, Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association (2007) The cognitive correlates of functional status: a review from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:249–265 (Review)PubMed Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Kaufer D, Malloy P, Coburn KL, Black KJ, Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association (2007) The cognitive correlates of functional status: a review from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:249–265 (Review)PubMed
go back to reference Sarazin M, Dubois B (2002) Mild Cognitive Impairment or pre-demential Alzheimer’s disease? Rev Neurol (Paris) 158(10 Suppl):S30–S34 Sarazin M, Dubois B (2002) Mild Cognitive Impairment or pre-demential Alzheimer’s disease? Rev Neurol (Paris) 158(10 Suppl):S30–S34
go back to reference Sauseng P, Klimesch W, Stadler W, Schabus M, Doppelmayr M, Hanslmayr S, Gruber WR, Birbaumer N (2005) A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity. Eur J Neurosci 22:2917–2926PubMed Sauseng P, Klimesch W, Stadler W, Schabus M, Doppelmayr M, Hanslmayr S, Gruber WR, Birbaumer N (2005) A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity. Eur J Neurosci 22:2917–2926PubMed
go back to reference Schimke H, Klimesch W, Pfurtscheller G (1990) Event-related desynchronization and the selection of an alpha-frequency band for quantifying cortical pre- and poststimulus activation. Psychon Bull Rev 9:637–671 Schimke H, Klimesch W, Pfurtscheller G (1990) Event-related desynchronization and the selection of an alpha-frequency band for quantifying cortical pre- and poststimulus activation. Psychon Bull Rev 9:637–671
go back to reference Shulman KI, Shedletsky R, Silver IL (1986) The challenge of time: clock-drawing and cognitive function in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1:135–140 Shulman KI, Shedletsky R, Silver IL (1986) The challenge of time: clock-drawing and cognitive function in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1:135–140
go back to reference Spierer L, Bellmann-Thiran A, Maeder P, Murray MM, Clarke S (2009) Hemispheric competence for auditory spatial representation. Brain 132:1953–1966PubMed Spierer L, Bellmann-Thiran A, Maeder P, Murray MM, Clarke S (2009) Hemispheric competence for auditory spatial representation. Brain 132:1953–1966PubMed
go back to reference Steriade M, Llinás RR (1988) The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. Physiol Rev 68:649–742PubMed Steriade M, Llinás RR (1988) The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. Physiol Rev 68:649–742PubMed
go back to reference Sterman MB (1996) Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic activities: implications for self-regulation. Biofeedback Self Regul 21:3–33PubMed Sterman MB (1996) Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic activities: implications for self-regulation. Biofeedback Self Regul 21:3–33PubMed
go back to reference Stipacek A, Grabner RH, Neuper C, Fink A, Neubauer AC (2003) Sensitivity of human EEG alpha band desynchronization to different working memory components and increasing levels of memory load. Neurosci Lett 353:193–196PubMed Stipacek A, Grabner RH, Neuper C, Fink A, Neubauer AC (2003) Sensitivity of human EEG alpha band desynchronization to different working memory components and increasing levels of memory load. Neurosci Lett 353:193–196PubMed
go back to reference Tabert MH, Manly JJ, Liu X, Pelton GH, Rosenblum S, Jacobs M, Zamora D, Goodkind M, Bell K, Stern Y, Devanand DP (2006) Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:916–924PubMed Tabert MH, Manly JJ, Liu X, Pelton GH, Rosenblum S, Jacobs M, Zamora D, Goodkind M, Bell K, Stern Y, Devanand DP (2006) Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:916–924PubMed
go back to reference Tales A, Haworth J, Nelson S, Snowden R, Wilcock G (2005a) Abnormal visual search in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurocase 11:80–84PubMed Tales A, Haworth J, Nelson S, Snowden R, Wilcock G (2005a) Abnormal visual search in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurocase 11:80–84PubMed
go back to reference Tales A, Snowden R, Haworth J, Wilcock G (2005b) Abnormal spatial and non-spatial cueing effects in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurocase 11:85–92PubMed Tales A, Snowden R, Haworth J, Wilcock G (2005b) Abnormal spatial and non-spatial cueing effects in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurocase 11:85–92PubMed
go back to reference van Marwijk HW, Wallace P, de Bock GH, Hermans J, Kaptein AA, Mulder JD (1995) Evaluation of the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of shortened versions of the geriatric depression scale. Br J Gen Pract 45:195–199PubMedCentralPubMed van Marwijk HW, Wallace P, de Bock GH, Hermans J, Kaptein AA, Mulder JD (1995) Evaluation of the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of shortened versions of the geriatric depression scale. Br J Gen Pract 45:195–199PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference von Stein A, Chiang C, König P (2000) Top-down processing mediated by interareal synchronization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:14748–14753 von Stein A, Chiang C, König P (2000) Top-down processing mediated by interareal synchronization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:14748–14753
go back to reference Weintraub S, Salmon D, Mercaldo N, Ferris S, Graff-Radford NR, Chui H, Cummings J, DeCarli C, Foster NL, Galasko D, Peskind E, Dietrich W, Beekly DL, Kukull WA, Morris JC (2009) The Alzheimer’s Disease Centers’ Uniform Data Set (UDS): the neuropsychologic test battery. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 23:91–101PubMedCentralPubMed Weintraub S, Salmon D, Mercaldo N, Ferris S, Graff-Radford NR, Chui H, Cummings J, DeCarli C, Foster NL, Galasko D, Peskind E, Dietrich W, Beekly DL, Kukull WA, Morris JC (2009) The Alzheimer’s Disease Centers’ Uniform Data Set (UDS): the neuropsychologic test battery. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 23:91–101PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Worden MS, Foxe JJ, Wang N, Simpson GV (2000) Anticipatory biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific alpha-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. J Neurosci 20:RC63PubMed Worden MS, Foxe JJ, Wang N, Simpson GV (2000) Anticipatory biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific alpha-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. J Neurosci 20:RC63PubMed
go back to reference Yamagishi N, Callan DE, Anderson SJ, Kawato M (2008) Attentional changes in pre-stimulus oscillatory activity within early visual cortex are predictive of human visual performance. Brain Res 1197:115–122PubMed Yamagishi N, Callan DE, Anderson SJ, Kawato M (2008) Attentional changes in pre-stimulus oscillatory activity within early visual cortex are predictive of human visual performance. Brain Res 1197:115–122PubMed
go back to reference Young CK, McNaughton N (2009) Coupling of theta oscillations between anterior and posterior midline cortex and with the hippocampus in freely behaving rats. Cereb Cortex 19:24–40PubMed Young CK, McNaughton N (2009) Coupling of theta oscillations between anterior and posterior midline cortex and with the hippocampus in freely behaving rats. Cereb Cortex 19:24–40PubMed
go back to reference Zatorre RJ, Penhune VB (2001) Spatial localization after excision of human auditory cortex. J Neurosci 21:6321–6328PubMed Zatorre RJ, Penhune VB (2001) Spatial localization after excision of human auditory cortex. J Neurosci 21:6321–6328PubMed
go back to reference Zhuang P, Toro C, Grafman J, Manganotti P, Leocani L, Hallett M (1997) Event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha frequency during development of implicit and explicit learning. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 102:374–381PubMed Zhuang P, Toro C, Grafman J, Manganotti P, Leocani L, Hallett M (1997) Event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha frequency during development of implicit and explicit learning. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 102:374–381PubMed
Metadata
Title
Patients with mild cognitive impairment have an abnormal upper-alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) during a task of temporal attention
Authors
Giuseppe Caravaglios
Emma Gabriella Muscoso
Giulia Di Maria
Erminio Costanzo
Publication date
01-03-2015
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Journal of Neural Transmission / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0300-9564
Electronic ISSN: 1435-1463
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1262-7

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

Journal of Neural Transmission 3/2015 Go to the issue

Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Original Article

Electrophysiological characteristics of task-specific tremor in 22 instrumentalists

Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Original Article

Correlations between plasma levels of amino acids and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease