Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica 3/2012

01-03-2012 | Clinical Article

Visualization of the internal globus pallidus: sequence and orientation for deep brain stimulation using a standard installation protocol at 3.0 Tesla

Authors: Ingo S. Nölte, Lars Gerigk, Mansour Al-Zghloul, Christoph Groden, Hans U. Kerl

Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica | Issue 3/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits for treatment-resistant neurological disorders including dystonia and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The success of the DBS is critically dependent on the reliable visualization of the GPi.
The aim of the study was to evaluate promising 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for pre-stereotactic visualization of the GPi using a standard installation protocol.

Methods

MRI at 3.0 T of nine healthy individuals and of one patient with PD was acquired (FLAIR, T1-MPRAGE, T2-SPACE, T2*-FLASH2D, susceptibility-weighted imaging mapping (SWI)). Image quality and visualization of the GPi for each sequence were assessed by two neuroradiologists independently using a 6-point scale. Axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of the T2*-FLASH2D images were compared. Inter-rater reliability, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for the GPi were determined. For illustration, axial T2*-FLASH2D images were fused with a section schema of the Schaltenbrand-Wahren stereotactic atlas.

Results

The GPi was best and reliably visualized in axial and to a lesser degree on coronal T2*-FLASH2D images. No major artifacts in the GPi were observed in any of the sequences. SWI offered a significantly higher CNR for the GPi compared to standard T2-weighted imaging using the standard parameters. The fusion of the axial T2*-FLASH2D images and the atlas projected the GPi clearly in the boundaries of the section schema.

Conclusions

Using a standard installation protocol at 3.0 T T2*-FLASH2D imaging (particularly axial view) provides optimal and reliable delineation of the GPi.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease Study Group (2001) Deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the pars interna of the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 345:956–963 Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease Study Group (2001) Deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the pars interna of the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 345:956–963
2.
go back to reference Abosch A, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K, Harel N (2010) An assessment of current brain targets for deep brain stimulation surgery with susceptibility-weighted imaging at 7 tesla. Neurosurgery 67:1745–1756, discussion 1756PubMedCrossRef Abosch A, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K, Harel N (2010) An assessment of current brain targets for deep brain stimulation surgery with susceptibility-weighted imaging at 7 tesla. Neurosurgery 67:1745–1756, discussion 1756PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN (2006) Experience with microelectrode guided subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery 58:ONS96–102, discussion ONS196-102PubMedCrossRef Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN (2006) Experience with microelectrode guided subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery 58:ONS96–102, discussion ONS196-102PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Andrade P, Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Jimenez F (2009) A systematic review of the efficacy of globus pallidus stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci 16:877–881PubMedCrossRef Andrade P, Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Jimenez F (2009) A systematic review of the efficacy of globus pallidus stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci 16:877–881PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ashkan K, Blomstedt P, Zrinzo L, Tisch S, Yousry T, Limousin-Dowsey P, Hariz MI (2007) Variability of the subthalamic nucleus: the case for direct MRI guided targeting. Br J Neurosurg 21:197–200PubMedCrossRef Ashkan K, Blomstedt P, Zrinzo L, Tisch S, Yousry T, Limousin-Dowsey P, Hariz MI (2007) Variability of the subthalamic nucleus: the case for direct MRI guided targeting. Br J Neurosurg 21:197–200PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Bachmann R, Reilmann R, Schwindt W, Kugel H, Heindel W, Kramer S (2006) FLAIR imaging for multiple sclerosis: a comparative MR study at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla. Eur Radiol 16:915–921PubMedCrossRef Bachmann R, Reilmann R, Schwindt W, Kugel H, Heindel W, Kramer S (2006) FLAIR imaging for multiple sclerosis: a comparative MR study at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla. Eur Radiol 16:915–921PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Balachandran R, Welch EB, Dawant BM, Fitzpatrick JM (2010) Effect of MR distortion on targeting for deep-brain stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57:1729–1735PubMedCrossRef Balachandran R, Welch EB, Dawant BM, Fitzpatrick JM (2010) Effect of MR distortion on targeting for deep-brain stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57:1729–1735PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bejjani BP, Dormont D, Pidoux B, Yelnik J, Damier P, Arnulf I, Bonnet AM, Marsault C, Agid Y, Philippon J, Cornu P (2000) Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance. J Neurosurg 92:615–625PubMedCrossRef Bejjani BP, Dormont D, Pidoux B, Yelnik J, Damier P, Arnulf I, Bonnet AM, Marsault C, Agid Y, Philippon J, Cornu P (2000) Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance. J Neurosurg 92:615–625PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bejjani BP, Gervais D, Arnulf I, Papadopoulos S, Demeret S, Bonnet AM, Cornu P, Damier P, Agid Y (2000) Axial parkinsonian symptoms can be improved: the role of levodopa and bilateral subthalamic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68:595–600PubMedCrossRef Bejjani BP, Gervais D, Arnulf I, Papadopoulos S, Demeret S, Bonnet AM, Cornu P, Damier P, Agid Y (2000) Axial parkinsonian symptoms can be improved: the role of levodopa and bilateral subthalamic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68:595–600PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Benazzouz A, Hallett M (2000) Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Neurology 55:S13–16PubMed Benazzouz A, Hallett M (2000) Mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Neurology 55:S13–16PubMed
11.
go back to reference Bergman H, Feingold A, Nini A, Raz A, Slovin H, Abeles M, Vaadia E (1998) Physiological aspects of information processing in the basal ganglia of normal and parkinsonian primates. Trends Neurosci 21:32–38PubMedCrossRef Bergman H, Feingold A, Nini A, Raz A, Slovin H, Abeles M, Vaadia E (1998) Physiological aspects of information processing in the basal ganglia of normal and parkinsonian primates. Trends Neurosci 21:32–38PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Biswas J, Nelson CB, Runge VM, Wintersperger BJ, Baumann SS, Jackson CB, Patel T (2005) Brain tumor enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at 1.5 versus 3 tesla. Invest Radiol 40:792–797PubMedCrossRef Biswas J, Nelson CB, Runge VM, Wintersperger BJ, Baumann SS, Jackson CB, Patel T (2005) Brain tumor enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at 1.5 versus 3 tesla. Invest Radiol 40:792–797PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Bour LJ, Contarino MF, Foncke EM, de Bie RM, van den Munckhof P, Speelman JD, Schuurman PR (2010) Long-term experience with intraoperative microrecording during DBS neurosurgery in STN and GPi. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:2069–2077CrossRef Bour LJ, Contarino MF, Foncke EM, de Bie RM, van den Munckhof P, Speelman JD, Schuurman PR (2010) Long-term experience with intraoperative microrecording during DBS neurosurgery in STN and GPi. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:2069–2077CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Bushberg JT, Seibert JT, Leidholdt EM Jr, Boone JM (2001) The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia Bushberg JT, Seibert JT, Leidholdt EM Jr, Boone JM (2001) The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
17.
go back to reference Chen N, Wyrwicz AM (1999) Removal of intravoxel dephasing artifact in gradient-echo images using a field-map based RF refocusing technique. Magn Reson Med 42:807–812PubMedCrossRef Chen N, Wyrwicz AM (1999) Removal of intravoxel dephasing artifact in gradient-echo images using a field-map based RF refocusing technique. Magn Reson Med 42:807–812PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Cho ZH, Min HK, Oh SH, Han JY, Park CW, Chi JG, Kim YB, Paek SH, Lozano AM, Lee KH (2010) Direct visualization of deep brain stimulation targets in Parkinson disease with the use of 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 113:639–647PubMedCrossRef Cho ZH, Min HK, Oh SH, Han JY, Park CW, Chi JG, Kim YB, Paek SH, Lozano AM, Lee KH (2010) Direct visualization of deep brain stimulation targets in Parkinson disease with the use of 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 113:639–647PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Cohen JA (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas 20:37–46CrossRef Cohen JA (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas 20:37–46CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Coubes P, Cif L, Azais M, Roubertie A, Hemm S, Diakonoya N, Vayssiere N, Monnier C, Hardouin E, Ganau A, Tuffery S, Claustre M, Echenne B (2002) Treatment of dystonia syndrome by chronic electric stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Arch Pediatr 9(Suppl 2):84s–86sPubMedCrossRef Coubes P, Cif L, Azais M, Roubertie A, Hemm S, Diakonoya N, Vayssiere N, Monnier C, Hardouin E, Ganau A, Tuffery S, Claustre M, Echenne B (2002) Treatment of dystonia syndrome by chronic electric stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Arch Pediatr 9(Suppl 2):84s–86sPubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Cuny E, Guehl D, Burbaud P, Gross C, Dousset V, Rougier A (2002) Lack of agreement between direct magnetic resonance imaging and statistical determination of a subthalamic target: the role of electrophysiological guidance. J Neurosurg 97:591–597PubMedCrossRef Cuny E, Guehl D, Burbaud P, Gross C, Dousset V, Rougier A (2002) Lack of agreement between direct magnetic resonance imaging and statistical determination of a subthalamic target: the role of electrophysiological guidance. J Neurosurg 97:591–597PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Dormont D, Ricciardi KG, Tande D, Parain K, Menuel C, Galanaud D, Navarro S, Cornu P, Agid Y, Yelnik J (2004) Is the subthalamic nucleus hypointense on T2-weighted images? A correlation study using MR imaging and stereotactic atlas data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1516–1523PubMed Dormont D, Ricciardi KG, Tande D, Parain K, Menuel C, Galanaud D, Navarro S, Cornu P, Agid Y, Yelnik J (2004) Is the subthalamic nucleus hypointense on T2-weighted images? A correlation study using MR imaging and stereotactic atlas data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1516–1523PubMed
23.
go back to reference Drayer B, Burger P, Darwin R, Riederer S, Herfkens R, Johnson GA (1986) MRI of brain iron. AJR Am J Roentgenol 147:103–110PubMed Drayer B, Burger P, Darwin R, Riederer S, Herfkens R, Johnson GA (1986) MRI of brain iron. AJR Am J Roentgenol 147:103–110PubMed
24.
go back to reference Drayer BP (1989) Basal ganglia: significance of signal hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images. Radiology 173:311–312PubMed Drayer BP (1989) Basal ganglia: significance of signal hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images. Radiology 173:311–312PubMed
25.
go back to reference Duyn JH, van Gelderen P, Li TQ, de Zwart JA, Koretsky AP, Fukunaga M (2007) High-field MRI of brain cortical substructure based on signal phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:11796–11801PubMedCrossRef Duyn JH, van Gelderen P, Li TQ, de Zwart JA, Koretsky AP, Fukunaga M (2007) High-field MRI of brain cortical substructure based on signal phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:11796–11801PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Gavarini S, Vayssiere N, Delort P, Cif L, Biolsi B, Tancu C, Vasques X, Plagnol S, Bonafe A, Coubes P (2008) Stereotactic MRI in DYT1 dystonia: focal signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia do not contraindicate deep brain stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 86:245–252PubMedCrossRef Gavarini S, Vayssiere N, Delort P, Cif L, Biolsi B, Tancu C, Vasques X, Plagnol S, Bonafe A, Coubes P (2008) Stereotactic MRI in DYT1 dystonia: focal signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia do not contraindicate deep brain stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 86:245–252PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Griffiths PD, Dobson BR, Jones GR, Clarke DT (1999) Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. Brain 122(Pt 4):667–673PubMedCrossRef Griffiths PD, Dobson BR, Jones GR, Clarke DT (1999) Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. Brain 122(Pt 4):667–673PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Gringel T, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Elolf E, Frolich A, Dechent P, Helms G (2009) Optimized high-resolution mapping of magnetization transfer (MT) at 3 Tesla for direct visualization of substructures of the human thalamus in clinically feasible measurement time. J Magn Reson Imaging 29:1285–1292PubMedCrossRef Gringel T, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Elolf E, Frolich A, Dechent P, Helms G (2009) Optimized high-resolution mapping of magnetization transfer (MT) at 3 Tesla for direct visualization of substructures of the human thalamus in clinically feasible measurement time. J Magn Reson Imaging 29:1285–1292PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Gross RE, Krack P, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rezai AR, Benabid AL (2006) Electrophysiological mapping for the implantation of deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease and tremor. Mov Disord 21(Suppl 14):S259–283PubMedCrossRef Gross RE, Krack P, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rezai AR, Benabid AL (2006) Electrophysiological mapping for the implantation of deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease and tremor. Mov Disord 21(Suppl 14):S259–283PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Guo T, Finnis KW, Deoni SC, Parrent AG, Peters TM (2006) Comparison of different targeting methods for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 9:768–775PubMed Guo T, Finnis KW, Deoni SC, Parrent AG, Peters TM (2006) Comparison of different targeting methods for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 9:768–775PubMed
31.
go back to reference Haacke EM, Ayaz M, Khan A, Manova ES, Krishnamurthy B, Gollapalli L, Ciulla C, Kim I, Petersen F, Kirsch W (2007) Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:256–264PubMedCrossRef Haacke EM, Ayaz M, Khan A, Manova ES, Krishnamurthy B, Gollapalli L, Ciulla C, Kim I, Petersen F, Kirsch W (2007) Establishing a baseline phase behavior in magnetic resonance imaging to determine normal vs. abnormal iron content in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:256–264PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, Reichenbach JR (2004) Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 52:612–618PubMedCrossRef Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, Reichenbach JR (2004) Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Magn Reson Med 52:612–618PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hallgren B, Sourander P (1958) The effect of age on the non-haemin iron in the human brain. J Neurochem 3:41–51PubMedCrossRef Hallgren B, Sourander P (1958) The effect of age on the non-haemin iron in the human brain. J Neurochem 3:41–51PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Hamani C, Richter EO, Andrade-Souza Y, Hutchison W, Saint-Cyr JA, Lozano AM (2005) Correspondence of microelectrode mapping with magnetic resonance imaging for subthalamic nucleus procedures. Surg Neurol 63:249–253, discussion 253PubMedCrossRef Hamani C, Richter EO, Andrade-Souza Y, Hutchison W, Saint-Cyr JA, Lozano AM (2005) Correspondence of microelectrode mapping with magnetic resonance imaging for subthalamic nucleus procedures. Surg Neurol 63:249–253, discussion 253PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Haneder S, Attenberger UI, Biffar A, Dietrich O, Fink C, Schoenberg SO, Michaely HJ (2011) Gadofosveset: Parameter Optimization for Steady-State Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Vasculature. Invest Radiol 46:678–685 Haneder S, Attenberger UI, Biffar A, Dietrich O, Fink C, Schoenberg SO, Michaely HJ (2011) Gadofosveset: Parameter Optimization for Steady-State Imaging of the Thoracic and Abdominal Vasculature. Invest Radiol 46:678–685
36.
go back to reference Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT (1990) A comparative study on ventriculographic and computerized tomography-guided determinations of brain targets in functional stereotaxis. J Neurosurg 73:565–571PubMedCrossRef Hariz MI, Bergenheim AT (1990) A comparative study on ventriculographic and computerized tomography-guided determinations of brain targets in functional stereotaxis. J Neurosurg 73:565–571PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Hirabayashi H, Tengvar M, Hariz MI (2002) Stereotactic imaging of the pallidal target. Mov Disord 17(Suppl 3):S130–134PubMedCrossRef Hirabayashi H, Tengvar M, Hariz MI (2002) Stereotactic imaging of the pallidal target. Mov Disord 17(Suppl 3):S130–134PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Roberts DW, Darcey TM (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 45:290–297, discussion 297–298PubMedCrossRef Holtzheimer PE 3rd, Roberts DW, Darcey TM (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for target localization in functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 45:290–297, discussion 297–298PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Hutchison WD, Lozano AM, Davis KD, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE, Dostrovsky JO (1994) Differential neuronal activity in segments of globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients. Neuroreport 5:1533–1537PubMedCrossRef Hutchison WD, Lozano AM, Davis KD, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE, Dostrovsky JO (1994) Differential neuronal activity in segments of globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients. Neuroreport 5:1533–1537PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Katayama S, Watanabe C, Khoriyama T, Oka M, Mao JJ, Yamamura Y, Tahara E, Nakamura S (1998) Slowly progressive L-DOPA nonresponsive pure akinesia due to nigropallidal degeneration: a clinicopathological case study. J Neurol Sci 161:169–172PubMedCrossRef Katayama S, Watanabe C, Khoriyama T, Oka M, Mao JJ, Yamamura Y, Tahara E, Nakamura S (1998) Slowly progressive L-DOPA nonresponsive pure akinesia due to nigropallidal degeneration: a clinicopathological case study. J Neurol Sci 161:169–172PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Katsakiori PF, Kefalopoulou Z, Markaki E, Paschali A, Ellul J, Kagadis GC, Chroni E, Constantoyannis C (2009) Deep brain stimulation for secondary dystonia: results in 8 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:473–478, discussion 478CrossRef Katsakiori PF, Kefalopoulou Z, Markaki E, Paschali A, Ellul J, Kagadis GC, Chroni E, Constantoyannis C (2009) Deep brain stimulation for secondary dystonia: results in 8 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:473–478, discussion 478CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kitajima M, Korogi Y, Kakeda S, Moriya J, Ohnari N, Sato T, Hayashida Y, Hirai T, Okuda T, Yamashita Y (2008) Human subthalamic nucleus: evaluation with high-resolution MR imaging at 3.0 T. Neuroradiology 50:675–681PubMedCrossRef Kitajima M, Korogi Y, Kakeda S, Moriya J, Ohnari N, Sato T, Hayashida Y, Hirai T, Okuda T, Yamashita Y (2008) Human subthalamic nucleus: evaluation with high-resolution MR imaging at 3.0 T. Neuroradiology 50:675–681PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kosta P, Argyropoulou MI, Markoula S, Konitsiotis S (2006) MRI evaluation of the basal ganglia size and iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 253:26–32PubMedCrossRef Kosta P, Argyropoulou MI, Markoula S, Konitsiotis S (2006) MRI evaluation of the basal ganglia size and iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 253:26–32PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Krauss JK, Yianni J, Loher TJ, Aziz TZ (2004) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia. J Clin Neurophysiol 21:18–30PubMedCrossRef Krauss JK, Yianni J, Loher TJ, Aziz TZ (2004) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia. J Clin Neurophysiol 21:18–30PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Green AL, Owen SL, Hansen PC, Cornelissen PL, Holliday IE, Stein J, Aziz TZ (2007) Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain investigated with magnetoencephalography. Neuroreport 18:223–228PubMedCrossRef Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Green AL, Owen SL, Hansen PC, Cornelissen PL, Holliday IE, Stein J, Aziz TZ (2007) Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain investigated with magnetoencephalography. Neuroreport 18:223–228PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Owen SL, Aziz TZ (2007) Translational principles of deep brain stimulation. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:623–635PubMedCrossRef Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Owen SL, Aziz TZ (2007) Translational principles of deep brain stimulation. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:623–635PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Kumar R, Lang AE, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lozano AM, Limousin P, Pollak P, Benabid AL, Guridi J, Ramos E, van der Linden C, Vandewalle A, Caemaert J, Lannoo E, van den Abbeele D, Vingerhoets G, Wolters M, Obeso JA (2000) Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in advanced Parkinson's disease. Neurology 55:S34–39PubMed Kumar R, Lang AE, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lozano AM, Limousin P, Pollak P, Benabid AL, Guridi J, Ramos E, van der Linden C, Vandewalle A, Caemaert J, Lannoo E, van den Abbeele D, Vingerhoets G, Wolters M, Obeso JA (2000) Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in advanced Parkinson's disease. Neurology 55:S34–39PubMed
48.
go back to reference Kupsch A, Benecke R, Muller J, Trottenberg T, Schneider GH, Poewe W, Eisner W, Wolters A, Muller JU, Deuschl G, Pinsker MO, Skogseid IM, Roeste GK, Vollmer-Haase J, Brentrup A, Krause M, Tronnier V, Schnitzler A, Voges J, Nikkhah G, Vesper J, Naumann M, Volkmann J (2006) Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia. N Engl J Med 355:1978–1990PubMedCrossRef Kupsch A, Benecke R, Muller J, Trottenberg T, Schneider GH, Poewe W, Eisner W, Wolters A, Muller JU, Deuschl G, Pinsker MO, Skogseid IM, Roeste GK, Vollmer-Haase J, Brentrup A, Krause M, Tronnier V, Schnitzler A, Voges J, Nikkhah G, Vesper J, Naumann M, Volkmann J (2006) Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia. N Engl J Med 355:1978–1990PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Kurian MA, McNeill A, Lin JP, Maher ER (2011) Childhood disorders of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Dev Med Child Neurol 53:394–404PubMedCrossRef Kurian MA, McNeill A, Lin JP, Maher ER (2011) Childhood disorders of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Dev Med Child Neurol 53:394–404PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics 33:363–374PubMedCrossRef Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics 33:363–374PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174PubMedCrossRef Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Lee JY, Kim JW, Lim YH, Kim C, Kim DG, Jeon BS, Paek SH (2010) Is MRI a reliable tool to locate the electrode after deep brain stimulation surgery? Comparison study of CT and MRI for the localization of electrodes after DBS. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:2029–2036CrossRef Lee JY, Kim JW, Lim YH, Kim C, Kim DG, Jeon BS, Paek SH (2010) Is MRI a reliable tool to locate the electrode after deep brain stimulation surgery? Comparison study of CT and MRI for the localization of electrodes after DBS. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152:2029–2036CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Lee KH, Blaha CD, Garris PA, Mohseni P, Horne AE, Bennet KE, Agnesi F, Bledsoe JM, Lester DB, Kimble C, Min HK, Kim YB, Cho ZH (2009) Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation: Human Electrometer and Smart Devices Supporting the Next Generation of Therapy. Neuromodulation 12:85–103PubMedCrossRef Lee KH, Blaha CD, Garris PA, Mohseni P, Horne AE, Bennet KE, Agnesi F, Bledsoe JM, Lester DB, Kimble C, Min HK, Kim YB, Cho ZH (2009) Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation: Human Electrometer and Smart Devices Supporting the Next Generation of Therapy. Neuromodulation 12:85–103PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Lozano A, Hutchison W, Kiss Z, Tasker R, Davis K, Dostrovsky J (1996) Methods for microelectrode-guided posteroventral pallidotomy. J Neurosurg 84:194–202PubMedCrossRef Lozano A, Hutchison W, Kiss Z, Tasker R, Davis K, Dostrovsky J (1996) Methods for microelectrode-guided posteroventral pallidotomy. J Neurosurg 84:194–202PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Manova ES, Habib CA, Boikov AS, Ayaz M, Khan A, Kirsch WM, Kido DK, Haacke EM (2009) Characterizing the mesencephalon using susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:569–574PubMedCrossRef Manova ES, Habib CA, Boikov AS, Ayaz M, Khan A, Kirsch WM, Kido DK, Haacke EM (2009) Characterizing the mesencephalon using susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:569–574PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference McIntyre CC, Savasta M, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Vitek JL (2004) Uncovering the mechanism(s) of action of deep brain stimulation: activation, inhibition, or both. Clin Neurophysiol 115:1239–1248PubMedCrossRef McIntyre CC, Savasta M, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Vitek JL (2004) Uncovering the mechanism(s) of action of deep brain stimulation: activation, inhibition, or both. Clin Neurophysiol 115:1239–1248PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference McNeill A, Chinnery PF (2011) Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Handb Clin Neurol 100:161–172PubMedCrossRef McNeill A, Chinnery PF (2011) Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Handb Clin Neurol 100:161–172PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Mehdorn HM, Goebel S, Falk D, Volkmann J, Leplow B, Pinsker MO (2008) Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and its neuropsychological implications. Acta Neurochir Suppl 101:9–12PubMedCrossRef Mehdorn HM, Goebel S, Falk D, Volkmann J, Leplow B, Pinsker MO (2008) Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and its neuropsychological implications. Acta Neurochir Suppl 101:9–12PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Miyagi Y, Shima F, Sasaki T (2007) Brain shift: an error factor during implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. J Neurosurg 107:989–997PubMedCrossRef Miyagi Y, Shima F, Sasaki T (2007) Brain shift: an error factor during implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. J Neurosurg 107:989–997PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Ordidge RJ, Gorell JM, Deniau JC, Knight RA, Helpern JA (1994) Assessment of relative brain iron concentrations using T2-weighted and T2*-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 32:335–341PubMedCrossRef Ordidge RJ, Gorell JM, Deniau JC, Knight RA, Helpern JA (1994) Assessment of relative brain iron concentrations using T2-weighted and T2*-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 32:335–341PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Papavassiliou E, Rau G, Heath S, Abosch A, Barbaro NM, Larson PS, Lamborn K, Starr PA (2004) Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: relation of lead location to outcome. Neurosurgery 54:1120–1129, discussion 1129–1130PubMedCrossRef Papavassiliou E, Rau G, Heath S, Abosch A, Barbaro NM, Larson PS, Lamborn K, Starr PA (2004) Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: relation of lead location to outcome. Neurosurgery 54:1120–1129, discussion 1129–1130PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Park JH, Chung SJ, Lee CS, Jeon SR (2011) Analysis of hemorrhagic risk factors during deep brain stimulation surgery for movement disorders: comparison of the circumferential paired and multiple electrode insertion methods. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153:1573–1578CrossRef Park JH, Chung SJ, Lee CS, Jeon SR (2011) Analysis of hemorrhagic risk factors during deep brain stimulation surgery for movement disorders: comparison of the circumferential paired and multiple electrode insertion methods. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153:1573–1578CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Pinsker MO, Volkmann J, Falk D, Herzog J, Steigerwald F, Deuschl G, Mehdorn HM (2009) Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus in dystonia: target localisation under general anaesthesia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:751–758CrossRef Pinsker MO, Volkmann J, Falk D, Herzog J, Steigerwald F, Deuschl G, Mehdorn HM (2009) Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus in dystonia: target localisation under general anaesthesia. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151:751–758CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Rehncrona S, Johnels B, Widner H, Tornqvist AL, Hariz M, Sydow O (2003) Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments. Mov Disord 18:163–170PubMedCrossRef Rehncrona S, Johnels B, Widner H, Tornqvist AL, Hariz M, Sydow O (2003) Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments. Mov Disord 18:163–170PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Rossi M, Ruottinen H, Elovaara I, Ryymin P, Soimakallio S, Eskola H, Dastidar P (2010) Brain Iron Deposition and Sequence Characteristics in Parkinsonism: Comparison of SWI, T2* Maps, T2-Weighted-, and FLAIR-SPACE. Invest Radiol 45:795–802 Rossi M, Ruottinen H, Elovaara I, Ryymin P, Soimakallio S, Eskola H, Dastidar P (2010) Brain Iron Deposition and Sequence Characteristics in Parkinsonism: Comparison of SWI, T2* Maps, T2-Weighted-, and FLAIR-SPACE. Invest Radiol 45:795–802
66.
go back to reference Rouaud T, Dondaine T, Drapier S, Haegelen C, Lallement F, Peron J, Raoul S, Sauleau P, Verin M (2010) Pallidal stimulation in advanced Parkinson's patients with contraindications for subthalamic stimulation. Mov Disord 25:1839–1846PubMedCrossRef Rouaud T, Dondaine T, Drapier S, Haegelen C, Lallement F, Peron J, Raoul S, Sauleau P, Verin M (2010) Pallidal stimulation in advanced Parkinson's patients with contraindications for subthalamic stimulation. Mov Disord 25:1839–1846PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Runge VM, Wood ML, Kaufman DM, Traill MR, Nelson KL (1988) The straight and narrow path to good head and spine MRI. Radiographics 8:507–531PubMed Runge VM, Wood ML, Kaufman DM, Traill MR, Nelson KL (1988) The straight and narrow path to good head and spine MRI. Radiographics 8:507–531PubMed
68.
go back to reference Rutledge JN, Hilal SK, Silver AJ, Defendini R, Fahn S (1987) Study of movement disorders and brain iron by MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol 149:365–379PubMed Rutledge JN, Hilal SK, Silver AJ, Defendini R, Fahn S (1987) Study of movement disorders and brain iron by MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol 149:365–379PubMed
69.
go back to reference Schaltenbrand G, Wahren, W. (1977) Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain. Thieme Stuttgart Schaltenbrand G, Wahren, W. (1977) Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain. Thieme Stuttgart
70.
go back to reference Slavin KV, Thulborn KR, Wess C, Nersesyan H (2006) Direct visualization of the human subthalamic nucleus with 3 T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:80–84PubMed Slavin KV, Thulborn KR, Wess C, Nersesyan H (2006) Direct visualization of the human subthalamic nucleus with 3 T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:80–84PubMed
71.
go back to reference Stark DD, Bradley WG (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging. C.V. Mosby, St. Louis Stark DD, Bradley WG (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging. C.V. Mosby, St. Louis
72.
go back to reference Starr PA, Vitek JL, DeLong M, Bakay RA (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. Neurosurgery 44:303–313, discussion 313–304PubMedCrossRef Starr PA, Vitek JL, DeLong M, Bakay RA (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic localization of the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. Neurosurgery 44:303–313, discussion 313–304PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Strassmann G (1949) Iron and calcium deposits in the brain; their pathologic significance. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 8:428–435, illustPubMedCrossRef Strassmann G (1949) Iron and calcium deposits in the brain; their pathologic significance. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 8:428–435, illustPubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Tang JK, Moro E, Mahant N, Hutchison WD, Lang AE, Lozano AM, Dostrovsky JO (2007) Neuronal firing rates and patterns in the globus pallidus internus of patients with cervical dystonia differ from those with Parkinson's disease. J Neurophysiol 98:720–729PubMedCrossRef Tang JK, Moro E, Mahant N, Hutchison WD, Lang AE, Lozano AM, Dostrovsky JO (2007) Neuronal firing rates and patterns in the globus pallidus internus of patients with cervical dystonia differ from those with Parkinson's disease. J Neurophysiol 98:720–729PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Terao T, Takahashi H, Yokochi F, Taniguchi M, Okiyama R, Hamada I (2003) Hemorrhagic complication of stereotactic surgery in patients with movement disorders. J Neurosurg 98:1241–1246PubMedCrossRef Terao T, Takahashi H, Yokochi F, Taniguchi M, Okiyama R, Hamada I (2003) Hemorrhagic complication of stereotactic surgery in patients with movement disorders. J Neurosurg 98:1241–1246PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Tisch S, Rothwell JC, Limousin P, Hariz MI, Corcos DM (2007) The physiological effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 15:166–172PubMedCrossRef Tisch S, Rothwell JC, Limousin P, Hariz MI, Corcos DM (2007) The physiological effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 15:166–172PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Tisch S, Silberstein P, Limousin-Dowsey P, Jahanshahi M (2004) The basal ganglia: anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. Psychiatr Clin North Am 27:757–799PubMedCrossRef Tisch S, Silberstein P, Limousin-Dowsey P, Jahanshahi M (2004) The basal ganglia: anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology. Psychiatr Clin North Am 27:757–799PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Tisch S, Zrinzo L, Limousin P, Bhatia KP, Quinn N, Ashkan K, Hariz M (2007) Effect of electrode contact location on clinical efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1314–1319PubMedCrossRef Tisch S, Zrinzo L, Limousin P, Bhatia KP, Quinn N, Ashkan K, Hariz M (2007) Effect of electrode contact location on clinical efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:1314–1319PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Toda H, Sawamoto N, Hanakawa T, Saiki H, Matsumoto S, Okumura R, Ishikawa M, Fukuyama H, Hashimoto N (2009) A novel composite targeting method using high-field magnetic resonance imaging for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neurosurg 111:737–745PubMedCrossRef Toda H, Sawamoto N, Hanakawa T, Saiki H, Matsumoto S, Okumura R, Ishikawa M, Fukuyama H, Hashimoto N (2009) A novel composite targeting method using high-field magnetic resonance imaging for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neurosurg 111:737–745PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Trepanier LL, Kumar R, Lozano AM, Lang AE, Saint-Cyr JA (2000) Neuropsychological outcome of GPi pallidotomy and GPi or STN deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 42:324–347PubMedCrossRef Trepanier LL, Kumar R, Lozano AM, Lang AE, Saint-Cyr JA (2000) Neuropsychological outcome of GPi pallidotomy and GPi or STN deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 42:324–347PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Vayssiere N, Hemm S, Cif L, Picot MC, Diakonova N, El Fertit H, Frerebeau P, Coubes P (2002) Comparison of atlas- and magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic targeting of the globus pallidus internus in the performance of deep brain stimulation for treatment of dystonia. J Neurosurg 96:673–679PubMedCrossRef Vayssiere N, Hemm S, Cif L, Picot MC, Diakonova N, El Fertit H, Frerebeau P, Coubes P (2002) Comparison of atlas- and magnetic resonance imaging-based stereotactic targeting of the globus pallidus internus in the performance of deep brain stimulation for treatment of dystonia. J Neurosurg 96:673–679PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Vertinsky AT, Coenen VA, Lang DJ, Kolind S, Honey CR, Li D, Rauscher A (2009) Localization of the subthalamic nucleus: optimization with susceptibility-weighted phase MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:1717–1724PubMedCrossRef Vertinsky AT, Coenen VA, Lang DJ, Kolind S, Honey CR, Li D, Rauscher A (2009) Localization of the subthalamic nucleus: optimization with susceptibility-weighted phase MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 30:1717–1724PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Vidailhet M, Vercueil L, Houeto JL, Krystkowiak P, Benabid AL, Cornu P, Lagrange C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Dormont D, Grand S, Blond S, Detante O, Pillon B, Ardouin C, Agid Y, Destee A, Pollak P (2005) Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia. N Engl J Med 352:459–467PubMedCrossRef Vidailhet M, Vercueil L, Houeto JL, Krystkowiak P, Benabid AL, Cornu P, Lagrange C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Dormont D, Grand S, Blond S, Detante O, Pillon B, Ardouin C, Agid Y, Destee A, Pollak P (2005) Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia. N Engl J Med 352:459–467PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Volkmann J, Benecke R (2002) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia: patient selection and evaluation. Mov Disord 17(Suppl 3):S112–115PubMedCrossRef Volkmann J, Benecke R (2002) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia: patient selection and evaluation. Mov Disord 17(Suppl 3):S112–115PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Xiaowu H, Xiufeng J, Xiaoping Z, Bin H, Laixing W, Yiqun C, Jinchuan L, Aiguo J, Jianmin L (2010) Risks of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving deep brain stimulation and ablation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16:96–100PubMedCrossRef Xiaowu H, Xiufeng J, Xiaoping Z, Bin H, Laixing W, Yiqun C, Jinchuan L, Aiguo J, Jianmin L (2010) Risks of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving deep brain stimulation and ablation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16:96–100PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Zhang W, Sun SG, Jiang YH, Qiao X, Sun X, Wu Y (2009) Determination of brain iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease using magnetic susceptibility imaging. Neurosci Bull 25:353–360PubMedCrossRef Zhang W, Sun SG, Jiang YH, Qiao X, Sun X, Wu Y (2009) Determination of brain iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease using magnetic susceptibility imaging. Neurosci Bull 25:353–360PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Visualization of the internal globus pallidus: sequence and orientation for deep brain stimulation using a standard installation protocol at 3.0 Tesla
Authors
Ingo S. Nölte
Lars Gerigk
Mansour Al-Zghloul
Christoph Groden
Hans U. Kerl
Publication date
01-03-2012
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Acta Neurochirurgica / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0001-6268
Electronic ISSN: 0942-0940
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-011-1242-8

Other articles of this Issue 3/2012

Acta Neurochirurgica 3/2012 Go to the issue