Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Surgery Today 8/2020

01-08-2020 | Aortic Valve Replacement | Review Article

Aortic valve approaches in the era of minimally invasive cardiac surgery

Authors: Go Ueno, Nobuhisa Ohno

Published in: Surgery Today | Issue 8/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

The concept of minimally invasive cardiac surgery has been gradually adopted world-wide since its inception more than 2 decades ago. Recently, catheter intervention has been used in the treatment of structural heart disease. Most notably, minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve implantation is now an established treatment option for aortic valve stenosis. There are three major approaches for minimally invasive aortic valve surgery: via median sternotomy, via the parasternal approach, and via the thoracotomy approach. All these approaches allow for a small skin incision and/or avoid full sternotomy. Moreover, several advanced variations with additional aortic procedures or totally endoscopic management have been developed. When considering each approach, low invasiveness must be balanced with safety, as surgeons broaden their insight of advanced medicine. Physical invasiveness is largely related to the surgical approach in minimally invasive surgery. We review the history and evolution of the different surgical approaches for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1609–20.PubMed Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1609–20.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Shrestha M, Krueger H, Umminger J, Koigeldiyev N, Beckmann E, Haverich A, et al. Minimally invasive valve sparing aortic root replacement (David procedure) is safe. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:148–53.PubMedPubMedCentral Shrestha M, Krueger H, Umminger J, Koigeldiyev N, Beckmann E, Haverich A, et al. Minimally invasive valve sparing aortic root replacement (David procedure) is safe. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:148–53.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Luciani GB, Piccin C, Mazzucco A. Minimal-access median sternotomy for repair of congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:357–8.PubMed Luciani GB, Piccin C, Mazzucco A. Minimal-access median sternotomy for repair of congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:357–8.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Luciani GB, Mazzucco A. Neurocardiac dysregulation and neurogenic arrhythmias in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Texas Heart Inst J. 2012;27:286–8. Luciani GB, Mazzucco A. Neurocardiac dysregulation and neurogenic arrhythmias in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Texas Heart Inst J. 2012;27:286–8.
9.
go back to reference Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, Bichell DP, Rosborough DM, Sears SP, et al. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery improves patient satisfaction while reducing costs of cardiac valve replacement and repair. Ann Surg. 1997;226:421–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, Bichell DP, Rosborough DM, Sears SP, et al. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery improves patient satisfaction while reducing costs of cardiac valve replacement and repair. Ann Surg. 1997;226:421–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Konertz W, Waldenberger F, Schmutzler M, Ritter J, Liu J. Minimal access valve surgery through superior partial sternotomy: a preliminary study. J Heart Valve Dis. 1996;5:638–40.PubMed Konertz W, Waldenberger F, Schmutzler M, Ritter J, Liu J. Minimal access valve surgery through superior partial sternotomy: a preliminary study. J Heart Valve Dis. 1996;5:638–40.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Enrique Rodríguez J, Cortina J, Sota EP, Maroto L, Ginestal F, Rufilanchas JJ. A new approach to cardiac valve replacement through a small midline incision and inverted L shape partial sternotomy. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg. 1998;14:S115–6. Enrique Rodríguez J, Cortina J, Sota EP, Maroto L, Ginestal F, Rufilanchas JJ. A new approach to cardiac valve replacement through a small midline incision and inverted L shape partial sternotomy. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg. 1998;14:S115–6.
16.
go back to reference Chang C, Raza S, Altarabsheh SE, Delozier S, Sharma UM, Zia A, et al. Minimally invasive approaches to surgical aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;106:1881–9.PubMed Chang C, Raza S, Altarabsheh SE, Delozier S, Sharma UM, Zia A, et al. Minimally invasive approaches to surgical aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;106:1881–9.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Plestis K, Orlov O, Shah VN, Wong J, Thomas M, Aharon A, et al. Facilitating technologies in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: a propensity score analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;27:202–7.PubMed Plestis K, Orlov O, Shah VN, Wong J, Thomas M, Aharon A, et al. Facilitating technologies in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: a propensity score analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;27:202–7.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Hirji SA, Funamoto M, Lee J, Ramirez Del Val F, Kolkailah AA, McGurk S, et al. Minimally invasive versus full sternotomy aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients: which will stand against transcatheter aortic valve replacement? Surgery. 2018;164:282–7.PubMed Hirji SA, Funamoto M, Lee J, Ramirez Del Val F, Kolkailah AA, McGurk S, et al. Minimally invasive versus full sternotomy aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients: which will stand against transcatheter aortic valve replacement? Surgery. 2018;164:282–7.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Szwerc MF, Benckart DH, Wiechmann RJ, Savage EB, Szydlowski GW, Magovern GJJ, et al. Partial versus full sternotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:2209–14.PubMed Szwerc MF, Benckart DH, Wiechmann RJ, Savage EB, Szydlowski GW, Magovern GJJ, et al. Partial versus full sternotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:2209–14.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Dogan S, Dzemali O, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Derra P, Doss M, Khan MF, et al. Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a prospective randomized trial. J Heart Valve Dis. 2003;12:76–80.PubMed Dogan S, Dzemali O, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Derra P, Doss M, Khan MF, et al. Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a prospective randomized trial. J Heart Valve Dis. 2003;12:76–80.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Sharony R, Grossi EA, Saunders PC, Schwartz CF, Ribakove GH, Culliford AT, et al. Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery in the elderly: a case-control study. Circulation. 2003;108:II43–7.PubMed Sharony R, Grossi EA, Saunders PC, Schwartz CF, Ribakove GH, Culliford AT, et al. Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery in the elderly: a case-control study. Circulation. 2003;108:II43–7.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Gosev I, Kaneko T, McGurk S, McClure SR, Maloney A, Cohn LH. A 16-year experience in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: context for the changing management of aortic valve disease. Innov Technol Tech Cardiothorac Vasc Surg. 2014;9:104–10. Gosev I, Kaneko T, McGurk S, McClure SR, Maloney A, Cohn LH. A 16-year experience in minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: context for the changing management of aortic valve disease. Innov Technol Tech Cardiothorac Vasc Surg. 2014;9:104–10.
24.
go back to reference Welp HA, Herlemann I, Martens S, Deschka H. Outcomes of aortic valve replacement via partial upper sternotomy versus conventional aortic valve replacement in obese patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;27:481–6.PubMed Welp HA, Herlemann I, Martens S, Deschka H. Outcomes of aortic valve replacement via partial upper sternotomy versus conventional aortic valve replacement in obese patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;27:481–6.PubMed
26.
go back to reference De Amicis V, Ascione R, Iannelli G, Di Tommaso L, Monaco M, Spampinato N. Aortic valve replacement through a minimally invasive approach. Texas Heart Inst J. 1997;24:353–5. De Amicis V, Ascione R, Iannelli G, Di Tommaso L, Monaco M, Spampinato N. Aortic valve replacement through a minimally invasive approach. Texas Heart Inst J. 1997;24:353–5.
27.
go back to reference Bridgewater B, Steyn RS, Ray S, Hooper T. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement through a transverse sternotomy: a word of caution. Heart. 1998;79:605–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Bridgewater B, Steyn RS, Ray S, Hooper T. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement through a transverse sternotomy: a word of caution. Heart. 1998;79:605–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Doty DB, DiRusso GB, Doty JR. Full-spectrum cardiac surgery through a minimal incision: mini-sternotomy (lower half) technique. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:573–7.PubMed Doty DB, DiRusso GB, Doty JR. Full-spectrum cardiac surgery through a minimal incision: mini-sternotomy (lower half) technique. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:573–7.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Fenton JR, Doty JR. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery through lower half sternotomy. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5:S658–61.PubMedPubMedCentral Fenton JR, Doty JR. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery through lower half sternotomy. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5:S658–61.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Chang YS, Lin PJ, Chang CH, Chu JJ, Tan PP. “I” ministernotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:40–5.PubMed Chang YS, Lin PJ, Chang CH, Chu JJ, Tan PP. “I” ministernotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:40–5.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Karimov JH, Santarelli F, Murzi M, Glauber M. A technique of an upper V-type ministernotomy in the second intercostal space. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009;9:1021–2.PubMed Karimov JH, Santarelli F, Murzi M, Glauber M. A technique of an upper V-type ministernotomy in the second intercostal space. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009;9:1021–2.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Burdett CL, Lage IB, Goodwin AT, White RW, Khan KJ, Owens WA, et al. Manubrium-limited sternotomy decreases blood loss after aortic valve replacement surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2014;19:605–10.PubMed Burdett CL, Lage IB, Goodwin AT, White RW, Khan KJ, Owens WA, et al. Manubrium-limited sternotomy decreases blood loss after aortic valve replacement surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2014;19:605–10.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Lazzara RR, Kidwell FE. Right parasternal incision: a uniform minimally invasive approach for valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:271–2.PubMed Lazzara RR, Kidwell FE. Right parasternal incision: a uniform minimally invasive approach for valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:271–2.PubMed
34.
go back to reference Weinschelbaum E, Stutzbach P, Machain A, Favaloro R, Caramutti V, Bertolotti A, et al. Valve operations through a minimally invasive approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:1106–9.PubMed Weinschelbaum E, Stutzbach P, Machain A, Favaloro R, Caramutti V, Bertolotti A, et al. Valve operations through a minimally invasive approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:1106–9.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Cosgrove DM, Sabik JF, Navia JL. Minimally invasive valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:1535–9.PubMed Cosgrove DM, Sabik JF, Navia JL. Minimally invasive valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:1535–9.PubMed
36.
go back to reference von Segesser LK, Westaby S, Pomar J, Loisance D, Groscurth P, Turina M. Less invasive aortic valve surgery: rationale and technique. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;15:781–5. von Segesser LK, Westaby S, Pomar J, Loisance D, Groscurth P, Turina M. Less invasive aortic valve surgery: rationale and technique. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;15:781–5.
37.
go back to reference Plass A, Scheffel H, Alkadhi H, Kaufmann P, Genoni M, Falk V, et al. Aortic valve replacement through a minimally invasive approach: preoperative planning, surgical technique, and outcome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88:1851–6.PubMed Plass A, Scheffel H, Alkadhi H, Kaufmann P, Genoni M, Falk V, et al. Aortic valve replacement through a minimally invasive approach: preoperative planning, surgical technique, and outcome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88:1851–6.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Glauber M, Miceli A, Bevilacqua S, Farneti PA. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right anterior minithoracotomy: early outcomes and midterm follow-up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142:1577–9.PubMed Glauber M, Miceli A, Bevilacqua S, Farneti PA. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right anterior minithoracotomy: early outcomes and midterm follow-up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142:1577–9.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Glauber M, Miceli A, Gilmanov D, Ferrarini M, Bevilacqua S, Farneti PA, et al. Right anterior minithoracotomy versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a propensity score matched study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:1222–6.PubMed Glauber M, Miceli A, Gilmanov D, Ferrarini M, Bevilacqua S, Farneti PA, et al. Right anterior minithoracotomy versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a propensity score matched study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:1222–6.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Gilmanov D, Bevilacqua S, Murzi M, Cerillo AG, Gasbarri T, Kallushi E, et al. Minimally invasive and conventional aortic valve replacement: a propensity score analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:837–43.PubMed Gilmanov D, Bevilacqua S, Murzi M, Cerillo AG, Gasbarri T, Kallushi E, et al. Minimally invasive and conventional aortic valve replacement: a propensity score analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:837–43.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Mikus E, Turci S, Calvi S, Ricci M, Dozza L, Del Giglio M. Aortic valve replacement through right minithoracotomy: is it really biologically minimally invasive? Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:826–30.PubMed Mikus E, Turci S, Calvi S, Ricci M, Dozza L, Del Giglio M. Aortic valve replacement through right minithoracotomy: is it really biologically minimally invasive? Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:826–30.PubMed
42.
go back to reference Bowdish ME, Hui DS, Cleveland JD, Mack WJ, Sinha R, Ranjan R, et al. A comparison of aortic valve replacement via an anterior right minithoracotomy with standard sternotomy: a propensity score analysis of 492 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;49:456–63.PubMed Bowdish ME, Hui DS, Cleveland JD, Mack WJ, Sinha R, Ranjan R, et al. A comparison of aortic valve replacement via an anterior right minithoracotomy with standard sternotomy: a propensity score analysis of 492 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2016;49:456–63.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Stolinski J, Plicner D, Grudzien G, Wasowicz M, Musial R, Andres J, et al. A comparison of minimally invasive and standard aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152:1030–9.PubMed Stolinski J, Plicner D, Grudzien G, Wasowicz M, Musial R, Andres J, et al. A comparison of minimally invasive and standard aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152:1030–9.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Hiraoka A, Kuinose M, Chikazawa G, Totsugawa T, Katayama K, Yoshitaka H. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery: comparison of port-access and conventional standard approach. Circ J. 2011;75:1656–60.PubMed Hiraoka A, Kuinose M, Chikazawa G, Totsugawa T, Katayama K, Yoshitaka H. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery: comparison of port-access and conventional standard approach. Circ J. 2011;75:1656–60.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Hiraoka A, Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Nakajima K, Chikazawa G, Tamura K, et al. Propensity score-matched analysis of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Circ J. 2014;78:2876–81.PubMed Hiraoka A, Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Nakajima K, Chikazawa G, Tamura K, et al. Propensity score-matched analysis of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Circ J. 2014;78:2876–81.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Ozawa M, Eto K, Yoshitaka H, Tsushima Y. Port-access aortic valve replacement. Circ J. 2008;72:674–5.PubMed Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Ozawa M, Eto K, Yoshitaka H, Tsushima Y. Port-access aortic valve replacement. Circ J. 2008;72:674–5.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Hiraoka A, Yoshitaka H, Tamura K, Sakaguchi T. Anterolateral approach for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;62:290–5.PubMed Totsugawa T, Kuinose M, Hiraoka A, Yoshitaka H, Tamura K, Sakaguchi T. Anterolateral approach for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;62:290–5.PubMed
49.
go back to reference Nakamura Y, Nakajima H, Niinami H. Single-operator knot-tying by knot-pusher for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2015;23:617–9.PubMed Nakamura Y, Nakajima H, Niinami H. Single-operator knot-tying by knot-pusher for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2015;23:617–9.PubMed
50.
go back to reference Ito T, Maekawa A, Hoshino S, Hayashi Y. Right infraaxillary thoracotomy for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:715–7.PubMed Ito T, Maekawa A, Hoshino S, Hayashi Y. Right infraaxillary thoracotomy for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96:715–7.PubMed
51.
go back to reference Ito T, Maekawa A, Hoshino S, Hayashi Y. Right infra-axillary mini-thoracotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:57–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Ito T, Maekawa A, Hoshino S, Hayashi Y. Right infra-axillary mini-thoracotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:57–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Wang D, Wang Q, Yang X, Wu Q, Li Q. Mitral valve replacement through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy versus standard median sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87:704–8.PubMed Wang D, Wang Q, Yang X, Wu Q, Li Q. Mitral valve replacement through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy versus standard median sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87:704–8.PubMed
53.
go back to reference Yamazaki M, Kin H, Kitamoto S, Yamanaka S, Nishida H, Nishigawa K, et al. Efficacy of the stonehenge technique for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right infraaxillary thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;23:45–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Yamazaki M, Kin H, Kitamoto S, Yamanaka S, Nishida H, Nishigawa K, et al. Efficacy of the stonehenge technique for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right infraaxillary thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;23:45–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
go back to reference Yamazaki M, Yoshitake A, Takahashi T, Ito T, Kimura N, Hirano A, et al. Stonehenge technique is associated with faster aortic clamp time in group of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right infra-axillary thoracotomy. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;66:700–6.PubMed Yamazaki M, Yoshitake A, Takahashi T, Ito T, Kimura N, Hirano A, et al. Stonehenge technique is associated with faster aortic clamp time in group of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement via right infra-axillary thoracotomy. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;66:700–6.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Vola M, Fuzellier J-F, Chavent B, Duprey A. First human totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement: an early report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147:1091–3.PubMed Vola M, Fuzellier J-F, Chavent B, Duprey A. First human totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement: an early report. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147:1091–3.PubMed
56.
go back to reference Vola M, Fuzellier J-F, Campisi S, Grinberg D, Albertini J-N, Morel J, et al. Total endoscopic sutureless aortic valve replacement: rationale, development, perspectives. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:170–4.PubMedPubMedCentral Vola M, Fuzellier J-F, Campisi S, Grinberg D, Albertini J-N, Morel J, et al. Total endoscopic sutureless aortic valve replacement: rationale, development, perspectives. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;4:170–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
go back to reference Borger MA, Moustafine V, Conradi L, Knosalla C, Richter M, Merk DR, et al. A randomized multicenter trial of minimally invasive rapid deployment versus conventional full sternotomy aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:17–24.PubMed Borger MA, Moustafine V, Conradi L, Knosalla C, Richter M, Merk DR, et al. A randomized multicenter trial of minimally invasive rapid deployment versus conventional full sternotomy aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:17–24.PubMed
58.
go back to reference LaPietra A, Santana O, Pineda AM, Mihos CG, Lamelas J. Outcomes of aortic valve and concomitant ascending aorta replacement performed via a minimally invasive right thoracotomy approach. Innovations (Phila). 2014;9:339–42.PubMed LaPietra A, Santana O, Pineda AM, Mihos CG, Lamelas J. Outcomes of aortic valve and concomitant ascending aorta replacement performed via a minimally invasive right thoracotomy approach. Innovations (Phila). 2014;9:339–42.PubMed
59.
go back to reference Lamelas J, LaPietra A. Right minithoracotomy approach for replacement of the ascending aorta, hemiarch, and aortic valve. Innovations (Phila). 2016;11:301–4.PubMed Lamelas J, LaPietra A. Right minithoracotomy approach for replacement of the ascending aorta, hemiarch, and aortic valve. Innovations (Phila). 2016;11:301–4.PubMed
60.
go back to reference Lamelas J, Mawad M, Williams R, Weiss UK, Zhang Q, LaPietra A. Isolated and concomitant minimally invasive minithoracotomy aortic valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;155:926–36.PubMed Lamelas J, Mawad M, Williams R, Weiss UK, Zhang Q, LaPietra A. Isolated and concomitant minimally invasive minithoracotomy aortic valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;155:926–36.PubMed
62.
go back to reference Shrestha ML, Beckmann E, Abd Alhadi F, Krueger H, Meyer-Bockenkamp F, Bertele S, et al. Elective David I procedure has excellent long-term results: 20-year single-center experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105:731–8.PubMed Shrestha ML, Beckmann E, Abd Alhadi F, Krueger H, Meyer-Bockenkamp F, Bertele S, et al. Elective David I procedure has excellent long-term results: 20-year single-center experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105:731–8.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Aortic valve approaches in the era of minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors
Go Ueno
Nobuhisa Ohno
Publication date
01-08-2020
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Published in
Surgery Today / Issue 8/2020
Print ISSN: 0941-1291
Electronic ISSN: 1436-2813
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-019-01848-z

Other articles of this Issue 8/2020

Surgery Today 8/2020 Go to the issue