Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Spine Journal 9/2016

01-09-2016 | Original Article

Axial loading during MRI influences T2-mapping values of lumbar discs: a feasibility study on patients with low back pain

Authors: Martin Nilsson, K. Lagerstrand, I. Kasperska, H. Brisby, H. Hebelka

Published in: European Spine Journal | Issue 9/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate whether axial loading of the spine during MRI (alMRI) instantaneously induces changes in biochemical disc features as reflected by altered quantitative T2 values in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Methods

T2 mapping was performed on 11 LBP patients (54 lumbar discs) during the conventional unloaded MRI and subsequent alMRI. Each disc was divided into five volumetric regions of interests (ROIs), anterior annulus fibrosus (AF) (ROI 1), the interface anterior AF-nucleus pulposus (NP) (ROI 2), NP (ROI 3), the interface NP-posterior AF (ROI 4), and the posterior AF (ROI 5). The mean T2 values for each ROI were compared between MRI and alMRI and correlated with degeneration grade (Pfirrmann), disc angle, and disc level.

Results

With alMRI, T2 values increased significantly in the whole disc as well as in various parts of the disc with an increase in ROI 1–3 and a decrease in ROI 5. The changes in T2 values correlated to degeneration grade, changes in disc angle, and lumbar level.

Conclusion

alMRI instantaneously induces T2-value changes in lumbar discs and is, thus, a feasible method to reveal dynamic, biochemical disc features in patients with chronic LBP.
Literature
6.
go back to reference Fields AJ, Han M, Krug R, Lotz JC (2015) Cartilaginous end plates: quantitative MR imaging with very short echo times-orientation dependence and correlation with biochemical composition. Radiology 274:482–489. doi:10.1148/radiol.14141082 CrossRefPubMed Fields AJ, Han M, Krug R, Lotz JC (2015) Cartilaginous end plates: quantitative MR imaging with very short echo times-orientation dependence and correlation with biochemical composition. Radiology 274:482–489. doi:10.​1148/​radiol.​14141082 CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Manchikanti L, Glaser SE, Wolfer L, Derby R, Cohen SP (2009) Systematic review of lumbar discography as a diagnostic test for chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 12:541–559PubMed Manchikanti L, Glaser SE, Wolfer L, Derby R, Cohen SP (2009) Systematic review of lumbar discography as a diagnostic test for chronic low back pain. Pain Physician 12:541–559PubMed
10.
11.
go back to reference Welsch GH, Trattnig S, Paternostro-Sluga T, Bohndorf K, Goed S, Stelzeneder D, Mamisch TC (2011) Parametric T2 and T2* mapping techniques to visualize intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with low back pain: initial results on the clinical use of 3.0 Tesla MRI. Skelet Radiol 40:543–551. doi:10.1007/s00256-010-1036-8 CrossRef Welsch GH, Trattnig S, Paternostro-Sluga T, Bohndorf K, Goed S, Stelzeneder D, Mamisch TC (2011) Parametric T2 and T2* mapping techniques to visualize intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with low back pain: initial results on the clinical use of 3.0 Tesla MRI. Skelet Radiol 40:543–551. doi:10.​1007/​s00256-010-1036-8 CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hoppe S, Quirbach S, Mamisch TC, Krause FG, Werlen S, Benneker LM (2012) Axial T2 mapping in intervertebral discs: a new technique for assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Eur Radiol 22:2013–2019. doi:10.1007/s00330-012-2448-8 CrossRefPubMed Hoppe S, Quirbach S, Mamisch TC, Krause FG, Werlen S, Benneker LM (2012) Axial T2 mapping in intervertebral discs: a new technique for assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Eur Radiol 22:2013–2019. doi:10.​1007/​s00330-012-2448-8 CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Yu HJ, Bahri S, Gardner V, Muftuler LT (2015) In vivo quantification of lumbar disc degeneration: assessment of ADC value using a degenerative scoring system based on Pfirrmann framework. Eur Spine J 24:2442–2448. doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3721-0 CrossRefPubMed Yu HJ, Bahri S, Gardner V, Muftuler LT (2015) In vivo quantification of lumbar disc degeneration: assessment of ADC value using a degenerative scoring system based on Pfirrmann framework. Eur Spine J 24:2442–2448. doi:10.​1007/​s00586-014-3721-0 CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Boos N, Boesch C (1995) Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Potential for investigations of water content and biochemical composition. Spine 20:2358–2365 (discussion 2366) CrossRefPubMed Boos N, Boesch C (1995) Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Potential for investigations of water content and biochemical composition. Spine 20:2358–2365 (discussion 2366) CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Takashima H, Takebayashi T, Yoshimoto M, Terashima Y, Tsuda H, Ida K, Yamashita T (2012) Correlation between T2 relaxation time and intervertebral disk degeneration. Skelet Radiol 41:163–167. doi:10.1007/s00256-011-1144-0 CrossRef Takashima H, Takebayashi T, Yoshimoto M, Terashima Y, Tsuda H, Ida K, Yamashita T (2012) Correlation between T2 relaxation time and intervertebral disk degeneration. Skelet Radiol 41:163–167. doi:10.​1007/​s00256-011-1144-0 CrossRef
17.
18.
go back to reference Watanabe A, Benneker LM, Boesch C, Watanabe T, Obata T, Anderson SE (2007) Classification of intervertebral disk degeneration with axial T2 mapping. Am J Roentgenol 189:936–942. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.2142 CrossRef Watanabe A, Benneker LM, Boesch C, Watanabe T, Obata T, Anderson SE (2007) Classification of intervertebral disk degeneration with axial T2 mapping. Am J Roentgenol 189:936–942. doi:10.​2214/​AJR.​07.​2142 CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Blumenkrantz G, Zuo J, Li X, Kornak J, Link TM, Majumdar S (2010) In vivo 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping in subjects with intervertebral disc degeneration and clinical symptoms. Magn Reson Med 63:1193–1200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Blumenkrantz G, Zuo J, Li X, Kornak J, Link TM, Majumdar S (2010) In vivo 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping in subjects with intervertebral disc degeneration and clinical symptoms. Magn Reson Med 63:1193–1200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
21.
go back to reference Stelzeneder D, Welsch GH, Kovacs BK, Goed S, Paternostro-Sluga T, Vlychou M, Friedrich K, Mamisch TC, Trattnig S (2012) Quantitative T2 evaluation at 3.0 T compared to morphological grading of the lumbar intervertebral disc: a standardized evaluation approach in patients with low back pain. Eur J Radiol 81:324–330. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.093 CrossRefPubMed Stelzeneder D, Welsch GH, Kovacs BK, Goed S, Paternostro-Sluga T, Vlychou M, Friedrich K, Mamisch TC, Trattnig S (2012) Quantitative T2 evaluation at 3.0 T compared to morphological grading of the lumbar intervertebral disc: a standardized evaluation approach in patients with low back pain. Eur J Radiol 81:324–330. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ejrad.​2010.​12.​093 CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Maquer G, Brandejsky V, Benneker LM, Watanabe A, Vermathen P, Zysset PK (2014) Human intervertebral disc stiffness correlates better with the Otsu threshold computed from axial T2 map of its posterior annulus fibrosus than with clinical classifications. Med Eng Phys 36:219–225. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.11.008 CrossRefPubMed Maquer G, Brandejsky V, Benneker LM, Watanabe A, Vermathen P, Zysset PK (2014) Human intervertebral disc stiffness correlates better with the Otsu threshold computed from axial T2 map of its posterior annulus fibrosus than with clinical classifications. Med Eng Phys 36:219–225. doi:10.​1016/​j.​medengphy.​2013.​11.​008 CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Willen J, Danielson B (2001) The diagnostic effect from axial loading of the lumbar spine during computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with degenerative disorders. Spine 26:2607–2614CrossRefPubMed Willen J, Danielson B (2001) The diagnostic effect from axial loading of the lumbar spine during computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with degenerative disorders. Spine 26:2607–2614CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26:1873–1878CrossRefPubMed Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, Hodler J, Boos N (2001) Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 26:1873–1878CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174CrossRefPubMed Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P, Cheah KS, Leong JC, Luk KD (2009) Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. Spine 34:934–940. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f CrossRefPubMed Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P, Cheah KS, Leong JC, Luk KD (2009) Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. Spine 34:934–940. doi:10.​1097/​BRS.​0b013e3181a01b3f​ CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Splendiani A, Perri M, Grattacaso G, Di Tunno V, Marsecano C, Panebianco L, Gennarelli A, Felli V, Varrassi M, Barile A, Di Cesare E, Masciocchi C, Gallucci M (2016) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine with dedicated G-scan machine in the upright position: a retrospective study and our experience in 10 years with 4305 patients. Radiol Med (Torino) 121:38–44. doi:10.1007/s11547-015-0570-9 CrossRef Splendiani A, Perri M, Grattacaso G, Di Tunno V, Marsecano C, Panebianco L, Gennarelli A, Felli V, Varrassi M, Barile A, Di Cesare E, Masciocchi C, Gallucci M (2016) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine with dedicated G-scan machine in the upright position: a retrospective study and our experience in 10 years with 4305 patients. Radiol Med (Torino) 121:38–44. doi:10.​1007/​s11547-015-0570-9 CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Silcox DH 3rd, Horton WC, Silverstein AM (1995) MRI of lumbar intervertebral discs. Diurnal variations in signal intensities. Spine 20:807–811 (discussion 811–812) PubMed Silcox DH 3rd, Horton WC, Silverstein AM (1995) MRI of lumbar intervertebral discs. Diurnal variations in signal intensities. Spine 20:807–811 (discussion 811–812) PubMed
30.
go back to reference Ludescher B, Effelsberg J, Martirosian P, Steidle G, Markert B, Claussen C, Schick F (2008) T2- and diffusion-maps reveal diurnal changes of intervertebral disc composition: an in vivo MRI study at 1.5 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 28:252–257. doi:10.1002/jmri.21390 CrossRefPubMed Ludescher B, Effelsberg J, Martirosian P, Steidle G, Markert B, Claussen C, Schick F (2008) T2- and diffusion-maps reveal diurnal changes of intervertebral disc composition: an in vivo MRI study at 1.5 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 28:252–257. doi:10.​1002/​jmri.​21390 CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Axial loading during MRI influences T2-mapping values of lumbar discs: a feasibility study on patients with low back pain
Authors
Martin Nilsson
K. Lagerstrand
I. Kasperska
H. Brisby
H. Hebelka
Publication date
01-09-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Spine Journal / Issue 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4670-6

Other articles of this Issue 9/2016

European Spine Journal 9/2016 Go to the issue