Top

Published in:

01-03-2017 | Review Article

Alternative feedstuffs and their effects on blood chemistry and haematology of rabbits and chickens: a review

Authors: I. P. Ogbuewu, O. O. Emenalom, I. C. Okoli

Published in: Comparative Clinical Pathology | Issue 2/2017

Abstract

The demand for meat in developing countries is on the increase, and this trend is expected to continue over the years. The ability of poultry and rabbit to meet the animal protein demand in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. However, the main constraint limiting effective and efficient use of these choice animals is the high cost of traditional feed ingredients such as maize, soybean meal, fish meal and groundnut cake which are in strict competition with man’s dietary need. However, it is also becoming clear that the requirements for the traditional feed ingredients cannot be met, even according to optimistic forecasts. The gap between local supply and demand for these traditional ingredients is expected to widen over the coming decades, providing a compelling reason for exploring the usefulness of locally available, alternative feedstuffs in feed formulations. Alternative feedstuffs include, but not limited to, agro-industrial by-products and leaf meals of some common tropical plant species. They are good nutrient sources, but their use in animal production has been limited owing to constraints imposed by anti-nutritional and socio-economic factors. Protein from the leaf and seed meals of tropical plants is perhaps the most naturally abundant and cheapest source of plant protein. Several studies regarding the nutritive values of alternative feedstuffs and their usefulness in animal nutrition have been published. The effect of alternative feedstuffs based diets on some physiological parameters of rabbits and chickens have been reported by several authors. The use of alternative feedstuffs in rabbit and poultry diets and their effects on blood chemistry and haematology was reviewed. The review also covered their chemical compositions, economics and availability.

Abdu SB, Hassan MR, Adamu HY, Yashim SM, Abdulrashid M, Duru S, Jokthan GE (2012) Cost benefit analysis of level Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaf meal inclusion in the diet of growing rabbits. Nig J Anim Prod 39:90–95

Abeke FO, Ogundipe SO, Sekoni AA, Dafwang II, Adeyinka IA (2009) Effect of dietary levels of cooked Lablab purpureus beans on the carcass and haematological parameters of broiler finishers. In: Proc of 34th Ann Conf Nig Soc for Anim Prod., pp 369–371

Adamu HY, Lamidi OS, Ehoche OW, Abdu SB, Hassan MR, Yashim SM (2013) Growth performance of Yankassa rams fed varying proportions of Gmelina arborea leaves. Nig J Anim Sci 15:145–154

Adedapo AA, Dina OA, Saba AB, Oladipo OD (2002) Evaluation of Telferia occidentalis and Sorghum bicolor extracts as potent haematinic in domestic rabbits. Nig J Anim Prod 29:88–93

Adejumo JO, Ademosun AA (1985) Effect of plant age at harvest and of cutting time, frequency and height on dry matter yield and nutritive value of Gliricidia sepium and Cajanus cajan. J Anim Prod Res 5:1–2

Adeniji AA, Lawal M (2012) Effects of replacing groundnut cake with Moringa oleifera leaf meal in the diets of grower rabbits. Inter J Molec Vet Res 2:8–13

Adeniji AA, Gana E, Olafadehan OA, Chibugwu IC, Saria MI (2012) Performance of grower rabbits fed Gmelina arborea leaf meal. Nig J Anim Prod 39:66–70

Adepoju OT, Sunday BE, Folaranmi OA (2012) Nutrient composition and contribution of plantain (Musa paradisiacea) products to dietary diversity of Nigerian consumers. African J Biotech 11:13601–13605CrossRef

Agenas S, Heath MF, Nixon RM, Wilkinson JM, Phillips CJC (2006) Indicators of under nutrition in cattle. Anim Welfare 15:149–160

Aiello SE, Mays A (1998) The Merck Veterinary Manual, 8th edn. Merck and Company Inc., White House Station, NJ, USA

Akinfola EO, Matanmi O, Fatufe AA (2007) Effect of residual cyanogenic glycosides in cassava based diets on serum metabolites of cockerel chicks. Proc Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod, In, pp 105–107

Akinmutimi AH, Amaechi N, Unogu M (2006) Evaluation of raw African yam bean meal as substitute for soya bean meal in the diet of weaner rabbits. J Anim and Vet Adv 5(11):907–911

Akintunde AR, Omaga JJ, Bawa GS (2013) Effects of allyzyme SSF® supplementation of differently processed pigeon pea seeds on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Nig J Anim Sci 15:83–94

Alamuoye OF (2014) Haematological studies of broiler – finisher fed maize replaced with sorghum dust with/without roxazyme G supplementation. In: Proc. 39th Conf Nig Soc For Anim Prod., pp 113–115

Amaefule KU, Onwuchuruba CF, Okereke OC (2013) Replacement value of soybean meal and maize with raw or boiled pigeon pea seed meal in exotic pullet diets. Nig J Anim Sci 15:37–48

Amata IA (2014) The use of non-conventional feed resources for livestock feeding in the tropics: a review. J Global Biosci 3(2):604–613

Amusa NK, Kehinde IA, Ashaye OA (2002) Bio-deterioration of breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) in storage and its effects on the nutrient composition. Afr J Biotechnol 1(2):57–60CrossRef

Attah-Krah AA, Sumberg JE (1986) Studies with Gliricidia sepium for crop/livestock systems in West Africa. Agroforestry Systems 6:167–178

Ayssiwede SB, Dieng A, Bello H, Chrysostome CAAM, Hane MB, Mankor A, Dahouda M, Houinato MR, Hornick JL, Missohou A (2011) Effects of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaves meal incorporation in diets on growth performances, carcass characteristics and economics results of growing Indigenous Senegal chickens. Pak J Nut 10:1132–1145CrossRef

Boismenu C, Gauthier G, Larochelle J (1992) Physiology of prolonged fasting in greater snow geese. Auk 109:511–521

Bot MH, Bawa GS, Abeke FO (2013) Replacement value of maize with African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) pulp meal on performance, haematological and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Nig J Anim Sci 15:59–70

CDD (1990) Veterinary reference guide: a summary of reference intervals for use with Kodak Ektachem products. Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York

Cheesbrough M (2000) District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

D’Mello JPF (1992) Nutritional potentialities of fodder trees and shrubs as protein sources in monogastric nutrition. In: Speedy A, Pugliese PL (eds) Legumes tree and other fodder. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, pp 115–127

Dairo FAS (2008) Performance and haematological evaluation of weaner rabbits fed loofah gourd seed meal. Afr J Food Agric Nut Dev 8(4):451–463

Dakare MA, Danladi AA, Abel SA, Sunday EA (2012) Effects of processing techniques on the nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of mango (Magnifera indica) seed kernel. World Journal of Young Researchers 2(3):55–59

Diarra SS (2014) Potential of mango (Magnifera indica L.) seed kernel as a feed ingredient for poultry: a review. World Poult Sci J 70(2):279–288CrossRef

Eggum BO (1970) The protein quality of cassava leaves. British J Nut 24:761–768CrossRef

Ejidike BN, Ajileye O (2007) Nutrient composition of African breadfruit (Treculia africa) seed hull and its use in diets for the African Giant land snail (Archachatina marginata). Pak J Nut 6(2):201–203CrossRef

Eka OU (1998) The chemical composition of yam tubers. In: Osuji G (ed) Advances in yam research: biochemistry and technology of yam tubers. Biochemistry Society of Nigeria in collaboration with Anambra State University of Technology, Enugu, pp 51–75

Emenalom OO, Okoli IC, Udedibie ABI (2004) Observations on the pathophysiology of weaner pigs fed raw and preheated Nigeria Mucuna pruriens (Velvet Beans) seeds. Pakistan J Nut 3:112–117CrossRef

Emenalom OO, Etuk EB, Esonu BO, Udedibie ABI, Nwaiwu CC, Obiora BA (2008a) Evaluation of raw and fermented Alchornea cordifolia seed meal as feed ingredients for broilers. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), Ayetoro, March 16, 2008., pp 479–481

Emenalom OO, Etuk EB, Esonu BO, Udedibie ABI, Obiora BA (2008b) Evaluation of fermented in the diet of broiler chicks. In: Proceeding of the 13th Annual Conference of the Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), September 15 – 19, 2008, ABU Zaria., pp 381–383

Emenalom OO, Etuk EB, Esonu BO, Udedibie ABI, Ogbuewu IP (2009) Use of Christmas Bush (Alchornea cordifolia) seed as Feed Ingredients for Poultry. In: Proc Int Conf Global Food Crisis., pp 118–123

Enemor VHA, Anosike JC, Nwoke BEB, Chikezie PC (2005) Serum aminotransferases and bilirubin levels in malaria patients. Int J Natural and Applied Sci 1(2):85–89

Esiegwu AC, Emenalom OO, Enyenihi GE, Okoli IC, Udedibie ABI (2013) The performance and egg quality characteristics of layers fed diets containing graded leve3ls of Garcinia kola seed meal. Nig J Anim Prod 40:39–44

Esonu BO, Emenalom OO, Udedibie ABI, Okoli IC, Herbrt U, Ekpor CF (2001) Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw Mucuna bean (Velvet bean) meal. Trop Anim Prod Invest 4:49–54

Esonu BO, Iheukwumere FC, Emenalom OO, Uchegbu MC, Etuk EB (2002) Performance, nutrient utilization and organ characteristics of broilers fed Microdesmis puberula leaf meal. Livestock Research for Rural Development 14:1–5

Esonu BO, Azubuike JC, Udedibie ABI, Opara MN, Iwuji TC (2012) Physiological evaluation of broilers finishers fed fermented bovine blood and rumen digesta meal. Nig J Anim Prod 39:107–113

Etim NN, Enyenihi GE, Akpabio U, Offiong EEA (2014) Effects of nutrition on hematology of rabbits: a review. Europ Scientific J 10:413–424

Etuk EB, Anopueme B, Etuk IF, Ekpo JS, Emenalom OO, Esonu BO (2013) Effect of different combination levels of palm kernel cake, yam peel and plantain peal meals as partial replacement for maize in broiler starter diets. Nig J Anim Prod 40(1):73–78

Etuk EB, Ugwu CC, Inyama E, Ugorji C (2014) Blood chemistry, haematology, carcass characteristics and organ weight of finisher broilers fed breadfruit (Teculia africana) hull (BFH) in diets. Comp Clin Pathol 3(23):1153–1158CrossRef

Ewuola EO, Folayan OA, Gbore FA, Adebunmi AI, Akanji RA, Ogunlade JT, Adeneye JA (2004) Physiological responses of growing West African dwarf goats fed groundnut shell based diets as the concentrate supplement. Bowen J Agric 1:61–69

FAO (2005) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations statistics (FAOSTAT database P.I.D. 267).

FAO (2011) FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx.

FAOSTAT, http://faostat3.fao.org/ [accessed 1 June 2015].

Foidl N, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2001) Potential of Moringa oleifera for agricultural and industry uses. In: Fugile LG (ed) The Miracle Tree. The Multiple Attributes of moringa. CTA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 45–76

Hawkey C, Hart MG, Samour HJ, Knight JA, Hutton RE (1984) Haematological findings in healthy and sick captive Rossy Flamingos. Avian Pathol 13:163–172PubMedCrossRef

Ibitoye EB, Olorede BR, Jimoh AA, Suleiman N (2010) The rabbit industry and alternative feedstuffs: a review. In: Proc 35th Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 207–211

Igwebuike JU, Anugwa FOI, Raji AO, Ehiobu NG, Ikurior SA (2008) Nutrient digestibility, haematological and serum biochemical indices of rabbits fed graded levels of Acacia albida Pods. ARPN J Agric Biol Sci 4:33–40

Ihedioha JT, Okafor C, Ihedioha TE (2004) The haematological profile of the Sprague Dawley out bred albino rat in Nsukka. Anim Res Int 1:125–132

Iheukwumere FC, Okoli IC, Anyanwu GA, Esonu BO (2005) Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical constituents of grower rabbits fed. Microdesmis puberula Anim Prod Res Adv 1(1):24–31

Jain NC (1993) Essentials of Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA

Jiya EZ, Jiya AT, Akanbi OK (2008) Effect of replacing fish meal with silk worm caterpillar (Anapheinfracta) on the carcass and hematological parameters of weaned rabbits. In: Proc 33rd Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 139–141

Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (1997) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA

Kehinde AS, Meduna AJ, Bobadoye AO, Babatunde TO (2013) Haematological and serum chemistry of guinea fowl fed cassava peel based diets. In: Proc of the 34th Annual Conf of the Nig Soc for Anim Prod., pp 68–69

Kelly WR (1979) Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd edn. Bailliere Tindall, London, pp 266–267

Kerr GR, Lee ES, Lan MKM, Lovimor RJ, Randal L (1982) Relationship between dietary and biochemical measures of nutritional system. Amr J Clin Nut 35:294–304

Lawrence-Azua OO, Odetola OM, Awe AO, Yahaya MO (2013) Performance and haematological indices of growing rabbits fed enzyme supplemented cocoa bean shell. In: Proc 18th Annual Conf Anim Sci Assoc Nig., pp 169–204

Mitchell HR, Kline W (2006) Core curriculum in nephrology, Renal function testing. Amer J Kidney Dis 47:174–183CrossRef

Mitruka BM, Rawnsley HM (1977) Clinical, biochemical and haematological reference values in normal and experimental animals. Masson Publishing Inc., New York, pp 134–135, 83

Ndlovu T, Chimonyo M, Okoh AI, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Raats JG (2007) Assessing the nutritional status of beef cattle: current practices and future prospects. Afr J Biotech 6:2727–2734CrossRef

Nuhu F (2010) Effect of moringa leaf meal on nutrient digestibility, growth, carcass and blood indices of weaner rabbits, MSc Thesis. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, p 122

Nwanbe RN, Elechi FN (2009) Haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler finisher birds fed potash boiled bambara groundnut meal as a replacement for soybean meal. In: Proc of 34th Annual Conf of the Nig Soc for Anim Prod., pp 443–445

Nworgu FC, Onabakin AM, Obadina TA (2008) Performance and haematological indices of weaned rabbit served fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves extract supplement. J Food Agric and Environ 6:128–133

Nworgu FC, Okorafor UP, Oladosdu AG, Adeyemi SI (2013) Haematological indices of laying hens fed optimal and sub-optimal rations supplemented with waterleaf (Talinum traingulare) tops. In: Proc of the 18^th Ann Conf of Anim Sci Assoc of Nig., p 234

Nwosu CO, Stephen M (2005) Parasites and associated changes in packed cell volume of horses (Equus caballus) in the semi - arid zone, North Eastern Nigeria. Anim Res Int 2:329–331

Obikaonu HO, Okoli IC, Opara MN, Okoro VMO, Ogbuewu IP, Etuk EB, Udedibie ABI (2011) Haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broilers fed neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal. Online J Anim Feed Res 1:150–155

Ochefu J, Bitto II, Carew SN (2009) Haematological studies and serum biochemistry of rabbits fed raw kapok (Ceba pentandra) seed meal. In: Proc 14th Ann Conf Anim Sci Assoc Nig., pp 468–470

Odetola MO, Ewuola EO, Adu OA (2012) Haematology, serum biochemistry and organ histopathology of rabbits fed graded levels of whole Kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus) seed meal. Int J Agric Res 7:86–92CrossRef

Odoemelam VU, Ukachukwu SN, Ogbuewu IP, Ahamefule FO, Esonu BO, Ekwe CC (2010) Harnessing the agronomic and nutritional potentials of Canavalia plagiosperma for the Nigerian livestock industry: a review. In: Proc 44^th Ann Conf Agric Soc Nig., pp 124–128

Odoemelam VU, Ahamefule FO, Ibeawuchi JA, Nwachukwu EN, Etuk IF (2013) Milk yield and composition of West Africa Dwarf (WAD) does fed Bambara nut meal based diets. Nig J Anim Sci 15:134–141

Oforjindu O (2006) The toxicity of graded levels of graded levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal. B Agric Tech Project Report, Federal University of Technology, Owerri

Ogbuewu IP (2008) Physiological responses of rabbits fed graded levels of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal, MSc. Thesis. Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri

Ogbuewu IP (2012) Studies on the physiological responses of rabbits to ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder, PhD Thesis. Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri

Ogbuewu IP, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU (2009) Semen quality characteristics, reaction time, testis weight and seminiferous tubule diameter of buck rabbits fed neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal based diets. Iranian J Reprod Med 7:23–28

Ogbuewu IP, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU (2010a) Evaluation of toxicological effects of leaf meal of an ethnomedicinal plant - neem on blood chemistry of pubertal Chinchilla Rabbit does. Report and Opinion 2:29–34

Ogbuewu IP, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU (2010b) Assessment of blood chemistry, weight gain and linear body measurements of pre - pubertal buck rabbits fed different levels of neem leaf meals. Chilean J Agric Res 70:515–520CrossRef

Ogbuewu IP, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU (2010c) Toxicological effects of leaf meal of ethnomedicinal plant - neem on serum biochemistry of crossbred New Zealand white rabbit bucks. Report and Opinion 2:54–57

Ogbuewu IP, Odoemelam VU, Obikaonu HO, Opara MN, Emenalom OO, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC, Esonu BO, Iloeje MU (2011) The growing importance of neem in agriculture, industry, medicine and environment: a Review. Res J Med Plants 5(3):230–245CrossRef

Ogbuewu IP, Kadurumba OE, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU (2013) Effect of ginger rhizome powder supplement and sex on haematological indices of pre-pubertal rabbits. J Agric Tech 9:11–19

Okeudo NJ (2000) Introductory biochemistry, 1st edn. T’ Afrique International Associate Publication, Owerri

Okike I, Samireddypalle A, Kaptoge L, Fauquet C, Atehnkeng J, Bandyopadhyay R, Kulakow P, Duncan A, Alabi T, Blummel M (2015) Technical innovations for small-scale producers and households to process wet cassava peels into high quality animal feed ingredients and aflasafe™ substrate. Food Chain 5:71–90CrossRef

Okoli IC, Okoli CG, Ebere CS (2002) Indigenous livestock production paradigms revisited: survey of plants of ethno-veterinary importance in southeastern Nigeria. Trop Ecol 43:257–263

Okoli IC, Nwogu CM, Etuk IF, Omede AA, Ogbuewu IP, Aladi NO, Okoro VMO, Opara MN, Ezema C, Uchegbu MC, Ekenyem BU, Anyanwu GA, Okeudo NJ, Udedibie ABI, Madubuike FN (2014) Plantain ash enhances dietary mineral elements absorption in pullets. Iranian J Applied Anim Sci 4(2):69–72

Okorie KC (2006) Evaluation of leaf meals from Pentaclethra macrophylla, Jacaranda mimosifolia and Mucuna pruriens as fed ingredients in poultry diets, PhD Thesis. Federal University of Technology, Owerri

Olabanji RO, Farinu GO, Akinlade JA, Ojebiyi OO (2007) Growth performance and haematological characteristics of weaner rabbits fed different levels of wild sunflower leaf blood meal mixture. In: Proc 32nd Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 207–209

Olabanji RO, Ojebiyi OO, Tona GO, Olaogun O (2009) Haematological and serum biochemical response of growing rabbits fed diets containing mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernel meal. In: Proc 14^th Ann Conf Anim Sci Assoc Nig., pp 270–273

Olafedehan CO, Obun AM, Yusuf MK, Adewumi OO et al (2010) Effects of residual cyanide in processed cassava peel meals on haematological and biochemical indices of growing rabbits. In: Proc 35th Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 212–215

Olajide R (2012) Performance, carcasss and blood indices of broiler chickens fed graded levels of sun dried raw wild cocoyam corm as partial substitute for maize. Nig J Anim Prod 39(11):71–82

Olayinka A, Ogundumi A, Kamal AA, Oziwo AA, Dairo FAS (2010) Performance and haematological indices of weaned rabbits fed loofah gourd (Luffah aegyptica) seed meal. In: Proc 35^th Conf. Soc. For Anim Prod., pp 162–165

Olorode BR, Adeniran RA, Abiola JO (2007) Effect of graded levels of Moringa oleifera seed meal on haematological values and organ weight of broiler chicken. Trop J Anim Sci 10:63–67

Oloyede OB, Odutuga AA, Minari JB, Amballi AA (2007) Assessment of some serum metabolites and enzymes of Broiler-chickens fed raw and processed bambara groundnut. Int J Poult Sci 6:647–650CrossRef

Oluwole-Banjo AK, Olorunfunmilayo AN, Odubiyi AO, Babatunde GM (2001) Comparative effects of feeding dried poultry versus dried swine waste on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of weaner pigs in the tropics. Trop Anim Prod Invest 4:91–98

Onimisi PA, Omage JJ (2006) Evaluation of poultry litter as feedstuff for growing rabbits. Livestock Res Rural Dev 18(11):5–10

Opara MN (2010) The grasscutter: haematology and major parasites. Res J Parasitol 5:214–223CrossRef

Oso AO, Fafiolu AO, Dele PA, Ojo VOA, Yusuf KA, Amole TA, Oni OO, Odunfa OB (2009) Growth response and nutrient digestibility of weaner rabbits fed macaroni waste. In: Proc 14^th Ann. Conf Anim Sci Assoc. Nig., pp 493–495

Otto F, Baggasse P, Bogin E, Harun M, Vilela F (2000) Biochemical blood profile of Angoni cattle in Mozambique. Israel Vet and Med Assoc 55:1–9

Owen OJ, Amakiri AO, Ngodigha EM (2009) Physiological responses of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of poultry litter. In: Proc Ann Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 214–218

Pritchet KR, Corning BF (2004) Biology and Medicine of rats. In: Renter KM, Suckow AM, Ramachandran SV (2006) Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease molecular basis and practical considerations. Circulation. 113: 2335–2362

Ramsbottom JD, Peters JR, Chaudhuri S (2008) Increasing ATP availability by inhibition of creatine kinase leakage resulting from high-intensity exercise. US Patent 7375097. www.freepatentsonline.com/7375097.html

Reynolds CK, Aikman PC, Lupoli B, Humphries DJ, Beever DE (2003) Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation. J Dairy Sci 86:1201–1217PubMedCrossRef

Robert K, Murray D, Daryl K, Grammer K, Rodwell W (2003) Harper Biochemistry, 29th edn

Sakkinen H (2005) Variation in the blood chemical constituents of reindeer: significance of season, nutrition and other extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu Finland

Sobayo RA, Adeyemi OA, Oso AO, Fafiolu AO, Daramola JO, Sodipe G, Ogunade IB, Odetola OM (2013) Haematological, serum biochemical and carcass characteristics of broilers chicken fed graded levels of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) used as phytobiotic. Nig J Anim Prod 40:48–56

Tewe OO, Iyayi EA (1989) Cyanogenic glycosides. In: Cheeke PR (ed) Toxicants of plant origin, vol. II, Glycosides, pp 43–60

Thompson RB (2006) A Short Textbook of Haematology (7^th edition), 7th edn. Garden City Press Ltd, Letchworth, Hertfordshire

Titgemeyer EC, Loest CA (2001) Amino acid nutrition: demand and supply in forage-fed ruminants. J Anim Sci 79:E180–E189CrossRef

Togun VA, Oseni BSA (2005) Effect of low level inclusion of biscuit dust in broiler finisher diet on pre-pubertal growth and some haematological parameters of unsexed broilers. Res Comm Anim Sci 1(2):10–14

Tsado D, Ayanwale BA, Aremu A (2013) Effect of feeding processed Cassia tora seed based diets on growth performance and biochemical indices of weaner rabbits. Nig J Anim Sci 15:49–58

Uchegbu MC, Ogbuewu IP, Abakporo JU, Durunna CS, Opara MN (2007) Performance of weaner pigs fed diet containing fermented maize milling waste. Anim Prod Res Adv 3(1):23–26

Uchegbu MC, Ezuma CC, Ogbuewu IP, Opara MN (2010) Physiological responses of finisher broilers to yam peel meal: haematology and serum biochemistry. Electronic J Environ Agric Food Chem 9(10):1657–1664

Udedibie ABI, Anyaegbu BC, Onyechekwa GC, Egbukkporo OR (2004) Effect of feeding level of fermented and unfermented cassava tuber meals on performance of broilers. Nig J Anim Prod 31:211–219

Ugwuene MC, Onwudike OC (2010) Replacement value of dietary palm kernel meal for maize on haematology and serum biochemistry of local broiler turkeys. In: Proc of the 35th Ann Conf of the Nig Soc for Anim Prod., p 250

Underwood EJ, Suttle NF (1999) The mineral nutrition of livestock, 3rd edn. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, and Oxon, UKCrossRef

Van Saun RJ (2000) Blood profiles as indicators of nutritional status. Adv Dairy Tech 12:401–410

Yahaya AM, Aruwayo A (2014) Assessment of serum biochemistry of doe rabbits fed white mangrove (Langularia racemora) leaves as feed additive. In: Proc 39^th Conf Nig Soc Anim Prod., pp 139–142

Zanu HK, Asiedu P, Tampuori M, Abada M, Asante I (2012) Possibilities of using Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal as a partial substitute fish meal in broiler chickens diets. J Anim Feed Res 2:70–75

Title: Alternative feedstuffs and their effects on blood chemistry and haematology of rabbits and chickens: a review
Authors: I. P. Ogbuewu
O. O. Emenalom
I. C. Okoli
Publication date: 01-03-2017
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: Comparative Clinical Pathology / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1618-5641
Electronic ISSN: 1618-565X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-015-2210-0

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Alternative feedstuffs and their effects on blood chemistry and haematology of rabbits and chickens: a review

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2017

Injectable mineral supplementation to transition period dairy cows and its effects on animal health

Evaluation and comparison of a set of oxidative and antioxidative biomarkers in cystinuric patients with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects

Farm-level evaluation of enrofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens during a rearing period

Influence of dexamethasone-induced stress on oxidative stress biomarkers in non-pregnant does experimentally infected with Brucella melitensis

Stereological study of kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana (bitter fraction)

Prevalence and economic importance of Coenurus Cerebralis in sheep and goats in and around “Legahida” district of bale zone, south eastern Ethiopia