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Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 7/2017

01-07-2017 | Review

Potassium: friend or foe?

Author: Aylin R. Rodan

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 7/2017

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Abstract

The kidney plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis of ion concentrations in the blood. Because the concentration gradient of potassium across the cell membrane is a key determinant of the membrane potential of cells, even small deviations in serum potassium level from the normal setpoint can lead to severe muscle dysfunction, resulting in respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. Less severe hypo- and hyperkalemia are also associated with morbidity and mortality across various patient populations. In addition, deficiencies in potassium intake have been associated with hypertension and adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes, likely due in part to the interrelated handling of sodium and potassium by the kidney. Here, data on the beneficial effects of potassium on blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal outcomes will be reviewed, along with the physiological basis for these effects. In some patient populations, however, potassium excess is deleterious. Risk factors for the development of hyperkalemia will be reviewed, as well as the risks and benefits of existing and emerging therapies for hyperkalemia.
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Metadata
Title
Potassium: friend or foe?
Author
Aylin R. Rodan
Publication date
01-07-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 7/2017
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-016-3411-8

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