Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 10/2016

01-10-2016 | Educational Review

A systems-based approach to managing blood pressure in children following kidney transplantation

Authors: David K. Hooper, Mark Mitsnefes

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 10/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most common and well-known complications following kidney transplantation in children. Yet, despite numerous available therapies many pediatric kidney transplant recipients continue to have poorly controlled blood pressure, suggesting that traditional approaches to blood pressure management in this population might be inadequate. Over the last two decades, the Chronic Care Model has been developed to improve chronic illness outcomes through delivery system design and clinical information systems that support patient self-management and provider decision-making. In this educational review we discuss key elements of managing blood pressure following pediatric kidney transplantation and suggest ways that they may be reliably implemented into clinical practice using principles from the Chronic Care Model.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference US Renal Data System (2012) USRDS 2012 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases US Renal Data System (2012) USRDS 2012 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
2.
go back to reference Parekh RS, Carroll CE, Wolfe RA, Port FK (2002) Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with end-stage kidney disease. J Pediatr 141:191–197CrossRefPubMed Parekh RS, Carroll CE, Wolfe RA, Port FK (2002) Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with end-stage kidney disease. J Pediatr 141:191–197CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Groothoff JW, Gruppen MP, Offringa M, Hutten J, Lilien MR, Van De Kar NJ, Wolff ED, Davin JC, Heymans HS (2002) Mortality and causes of death of end-stage renal disease in children: a Dutch cohort study. Kidney Int 61:621–629CrossRefPubMed Groothoff JW, Gruppen MP, Offringa M, Hutten J, Lilien MR, Van De Kar NJ, Wolff ED, Davin JC, Heymans HS (2002) Mortality and causes of death of end-stage renal disease in children: a Dutch cohort study. Kidney Int 61:621–629CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Mitsnefes MM, Khoury PR, McEnery PT (2003) Early posttransplantation hypertension and poor long-term renal allograft survival in pediatric patients. J Pediatr 143:98–103CrossRefPubMed Mitsnefes MM, Khoury PR, McEnery PT (2003) Early posttransplantation hypertension and poor long-term renal allograft survival in pediatric patients. J Pediatr 143:98–103CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Mitsnefes MM (2004) Hypertension and end-organ damage in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 8:394–399CrossRefPubMed Mitsnefes MM (2004) Hypertension and end-organ damage in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 8:394–399CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Sinha MD, Kerecuk L, Gilg J, Reid CJ (2012) Systemic arterial hypertension in children following renal transplantation: prevalence and risk factors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:3359–3368CrossRefPubMed Sinha MD, Kerecuk L, Gilg J, Reid CJ (2012) Systemic arterial hypertension in children following renal transplantation: prevalence and risk factors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:3359–3368CrossRefPubMed
7.
8.
go back to reference Wilson AC, Greenbaum LA, Barletta GM, Chand D, Lin JJ, Patel HP, Mitsnefes M (2010) High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 14:52–60CrossRefPubMed Wilson AC, Greenbaum LA, Barletta GM, Chand D, Lin JJ, Patel HP, Mitsnefes M (2010) High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 14:52–60CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Mangione-Smith R, DeCristofaro AH, Setodji CM, Keesey J, Klein DJ, Adams JL, Schuster MA, McGlynn EA (2007) The quality of ambulatory care delivered to children in the United States. N Engl J Med 357:1515–1523CrossRefPubMed Mangione-Smith R, DeCristofaro AH, Setodji CM, Keesey J, Klein DJ, Adams JL, Schuster MA, McGlynn EA (2007) The quality of ambulatory care delivered to children in the United States. N Engl J Med 357:1515–1523CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Marcen R, del Castillo D, Capdevila L, Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Rodrigo E, Cantarell C, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Lopez-Oliva MO, Camps J, Aljama P, Ortuno J, Arias M (2009) Achieving chronic kidney disease treatment targets in renal transplant recipients: results from a cross-sectional study in Spain. Transplantation 87:1340–1346CrossRefPubMed Marcen R, del Castillo D, Capdevila L, Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Rodrigo E, Cantarell C, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Lopez-Oliva MO, Camps J, Aljama P, Ortuno J, Arias M (2009) Achieving chronic kidney disease treatment targets in renal transplant recipients: results from a cross-sectional study in Spain. Transplantation 87:1340–1346CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Hooper DK, Williams JC, Carle AC, Amaral S, Chand DH, Ferris ME, Patel HP, Licht C, Barletta GM, Zitterman V, Mitsnefes M, Patel UD (2013) The quality of cardiovascular disease care for adolescents with kidney disease: a Midwest pediatric nephrology consortium study. Pediatr Nephrol 28:939–949CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hooper DK, Williams JC, Carle AC, Amaral S, Chand DH, Ferris ME, Patel HP, Licht C, Barletta GM, Zitterman V, Mitsnefes M, Patel UD (2013) The quality of cardiovascular disease care for adolescents with kidney disease: a Midwest pediatric nephrology consortium study. Pediatr Nephrol 28:939–949CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Dougherty D, Conway PH (2008) The “3T’s” road map to transform US health care: the “how” of high-quality care. JAMA 299:2319–2321CrossRefPubMed Dougherty D, Conway PH (2008) The “3T’s” road map to transform US health care: the “how” of high-quality care. JAMA 299:2319–2321CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M (1996) Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. Milbank Q 74:511–544CrossRef Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M (1996) Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. Milbank Q 74:511–544CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Wagner EH (1998) Chronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness? Eff Clin Pract 1:2–4PubMed Wagner EH (1998) Chronic disease management: what will it take to improve care for chronic illness? Eff Clin Pract 1:2–4PubMed
15.
go back to reference Margolis KL, Asche SE, Bergdall AR, Dehmer SP, Groen SE, Kadrmas HM, Kerby TJ, Klotzle KJ, Maciosek MV, Michels RD, O'Connor PJ, Pritchard RA, Sekenski JL, Sperl-Hillen JM, Trower NK (2013) Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure control: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310:46–56CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Margolis KL, Asche SE, Bergdall AR, Dehmer SP, Groen SE, Kadrmas HM, Kerby TJ, Klotzle KJ, Maciosek MV, Michels RD, O'Connor PJ, Pritchard RA, Sekenski JL, Sperl-Hillen JM, Trower NK (2013) Effect of home blood pressure telemonitoring and pharmacist management on blood pressure control: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310:46–56CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference McManus RJ, Mant J, Haque MS, Bray EP, Bryan S, Greenfield SM, Jones MI, Jowett S, Little P, Penaloza C, Schwartz C, Shackleford H, Shovelton C, Varghese J, Williams B, Hobbs FD, Gooding T, Morrey I, Fisher C, Buckley D (2014) Effect of self-monitoring and medication self-titration on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: the TASMIN-SR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:799–808CrossRefPubMed McManus RJ, Mant J, Haque MS, Bray EP, Bryan S, Greenfield SM, Jones MI, Jowett S, Little P, Penaloza C, Schwartz C, Shackleford H, Shovelton C, Varghese J, Williams B, Hobbs FD, Gooding T, Morrey I, Fisher C, Buckley D (2014) Effect of self-monitoring and medication self-titration on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: the TASMIN-SR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:799–808CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Jaffe MG, Lee GA, Young JD, Sidney S, Go AS (2013) Improved blood pressure control associated with a large-scale hypertension program. JAMA 310:699–705CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jaffe MG, Lee GA, Young JD, Sidney S, Go AS (2013) Improved blood pressure control associated with a large-scale hypertension program. JAMA 310:699–705CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group (1979) Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. JAMA 242:2562–2571 Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group (1979) Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. JAMA 242:2562–2571
19.
go back to reference Crandall WV, Margolis PA, Kappelman MD, King EC, Pratt JM, Boyle BM, Duffy LF, Grunow JE, Kim SC, Leibowitz I, Schoen BT, Colletti RB (2012) Improved outcomes in a quality improvement collaborative for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatrics 129(4):e1030–e1041 Crandall WV, Margolis PA, Kappelman MD, King EC, Pratt JM, Boyle BM, Duffy LF, Grunow JE, Kim SC, Leibowitz I, Schoen BT, Colletti RB (2012) Improved outcomes in a quality improvement collaborative for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatrics 129(4):e1030–e1041
20.
go back to reference Britto MT, Vockell AL, Munafo JK, Schoettker PJ, Wimberg JA, Pruett R, Yi MS, Byczkowski TL (2014) Improving outcomes for underserved adolescents with asthma. Pediatrics 133:e418–427CrossRefPubMed Britto MT, Vockell AL, Munafo JK, Schoettker PJ, Wimberg JA, Pruett R, Yi MS, Byczkowski TL (2014) Improving outcomes for underserved adolescents with asthma. Pediatrics 133:e418–427CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2004) The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114:555–576CrossRef National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2004) The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114:555–576CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Geddes LA, Whistler SJ (1978) The error in indirect blood pressure measurement with the incorrect size of cuff. Am Heart J 96:4–8CrossRefPubMed Geddes LA, Whistler SJ (1978) The error in indirect blood pressure measurement with the incorrect size of cuff. Am Heart J 96:4–8CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Flynn JT, Pierce CB, 3rd Miller ER, Charleston J, Samuels JA, Kupferman J, Furth SL, Warady BA (2012) Reliability of resting blood pressure measurement and classification using an oscillometric device in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr 160:434–440, e431CrossRefPubMed Flynn JT, Pierce CB, 3rd Miller ER, Charleston J, Samuels JA, Kupferman J, Furth SL, Warady BA (2012) Reliability of resting blood pressure measurement and classification using an oscillometric device in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr 160:434–440, e431CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Gimpel C, Wuhl E, Arbeiter K, Drozdz D, Trivelli A, Charbit M, Gellermann J, Dusek J, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Schaefer F (2009) Superior consistency of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children: implications for clinical trials. J Hypertens 27:1568–1574CrossRefPubMed Gimpel C, Wuhl E, Arbeiter K, Drozdz D, Trivelli A, Charbit M, Gellermann J, Dusek J, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Schaefer F (2009) Superior consistency of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children: implications for clinical trials. J Hypertens 27:1568–1574CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Krmar RT, Berg UB (2005) Long-term reproducibility of routine ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients. Am J Hypertens 18:1408–1414CrossRefPubMed Krmar RT, Berg UB (2005) Long-term reproducibility of routine ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients. Am J Hypertens 18:1408–1414CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Sorof JM, Cardwell G, Franco K, Portman RJ (2002) Ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular mass index in hypertensive children. Hypertension 39:903–908CrossRefPubMed Sorof JM, Cardwell G, Franco K, Portman RJ (2002) Ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular mass index in hypertensive children. Hypertension 39:903–908CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S, Samuels J, Blydt-Hansen T, Saland J, Kimball T, Furth S, Warady B (2010) Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:137–144CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S, Samuels J, Blydt-Hansen T, Saland J, Kimball T, Furth S, Warady B (2010) Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:137–144CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Minutolo R, Agarwal R, Borrelli S, Chiodini P, Bellizzi V, Nappi F, Cianciaruso B, Zamboli P, Conte G, Gabbai FB, De Nicola L (2011) Prognostic role of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease. Arch Intern Med 171:1090–1098CrossRefPubMed Minutolo R, Agarwal R, Borrelli S, Chiodini P, Bellizzi V, Nappi F, Cianciaruso B, Zamboli P, Conte G, Gabbai FB, De Nicola L (2011) Prognostic role of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease. Arch Intern Med 171:1090–1098CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Wadei HM, Amer H, Taler SJ, Cosio FG, Griffin MD, Grande JP, Larson TS, Schwab TR, Stegall MD, Textor SC (2007) Diurnal blood pressure changes one year after kidney transplantation: relationship to allograft function, histology, and resistive index. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:1607–1615CrossRefPubMed Wadei HM, Amer H, Taler SJ, Cosio FG, Griffin MD, Grande JP, Larson TS, Schwab TR, Stegall MD, Textor SC (2007) Diurnal blood pressure changes one year after kidney transplantation: relationship to allograft function, histology, and resistive index. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:1607–1615CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Paripovic D, Kostic M, Spasojevic B, Kruscic D, Peco-Antic A (2010) Masked hypertension and hidden uncontrolled hypertension after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1719–1724CrossRefPubMed Paripovic D, Kostic M, Spasojevic B, Kruscic D, Peco-Antic A (2010) Masked hypertension and hidden uncontrolled hypertension after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1719–1724CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Wadei HM, Amer H, Griffin MD, Taler SJ, Stegall MD, Textor SC (2011) Abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern 1-year after kidney transplantation is associated with subsequent lower glomerular filtration rate in recipients without rejection. J Am Soc Hypertens 5:39–47CrossRefPubMed Wadei HM, Amer H, Griffin MD, Taler SJ, Stegall MD, Textor SC (2011) Abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern 1-year after kidney transplantation is associated with subsequent lower glomerular filtration rate in recipients without rejection. J Am Soc Hypertens 5:39–47CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Stergiou GS, Giovas PP, Kollias A, Rarra VC, Papagiannis J, Georgakopoulos D, Vazeou A (2011) Relationship of home blood pressure with target-organ damage in children and adolescents. Hypertension Res 34:640–644CrossRef Stergiou GS, Giovas PP, Kollias A, Rarra VC, Papagiannis J, Georgakopoulos D, Vazeou A (2011) Relationship of home blood pressure with target-organ damage in children and adolescents. Hypertension Res 34:640–644CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Wuhl E, Hadtstein C, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2004) Home, clinic, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Res 55:492–497CrossRefPubMed Wuhl E, Hadtstein C, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2004) Home, clinic, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Res 55:492–497CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Stergiou GS, Nasothimiou EG, Giovas PP, Rarra VC (2009) Long-term reproducibility of home vs. office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the Arsakeion school study. Hypertens Res 32:311–315CrossRefPubMed Stergiou GS, Nasothimiou EG, Giovas PP, Rarra VC (2009) Long-term reproducibility of home vs. office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the Arsakeion school study. Hypertens Res 32:311–315CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Stergiou GS, Christodoulakis G, Giovas P, Lourida P, Alamara C, Roussias LG (2008) Home blood pressure monitoring in children: how many measurements are needed? Am J Hypertens 21:633–638CrossRefPubMed Stergiou GS, Christodoulakis G, Giovas P, Lourida P, Alamara C, Roussias LG (2008) Home blood pressure monitoring in children: how many measurements are needed? Am J Hypertens 21:633–638CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Flynn JT (2012) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be routinely performed after pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 16:533–536CrossRefPubMed Flynn JT (2012) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be routinely performed after pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 16:533–536CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Urbina E, Alpert B, Flynn J, Hayman L, Harshfield GA, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, McCrindle B, Mietus-Snyder M, Steinberger J, Daniels S, American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee (2008) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 52:433–451CrossRefPubMed Urbina E, Alpert B, Flynn J, Hayman L, Harshfield GA, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, McCrindle B, Mietus-Snyder M, Steinberger J, Daniels S, American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee (2008) Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: recommendations for standard assessment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 52:433–451CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Maahs DM, McCrindle BW, Mitsnefes M, Zachariah JP, Urbina EM, American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young (2014) Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American heart Association. Hypertension 63:1116–1135 Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Maahs DM, McCrindle BW, Mitsnefes M, Zachariah JP, Urbina EM, American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young (2014) Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American heart Association. Hypertension 63:1116–1135
42.
go back to reference Calzolari A, Giordano U, Matteucci MC, Pastore E, Turchetta A, Rizzoni G, Alpert B (1998) Hypertension in young patients after renal transplantation: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus casual blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 11:497–501CrossRefPubMed Calzolari A, Giordano U, Matteucci MC, Pastore E, Turchetta A, Rizzoni G, Alpert B (1998) Hypertension in young patients after renal transplantation: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus casual blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 11:497–501CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Seeman T, Simkova E, Kreisinger J, Vondrak K, Dusek J, Gilik J, Dvorak P, Janda J (2007) Improved control of hypertension in children after renal transplantation: results of a two-yr interventional trial. Pediatr Transplant 11:491–497CrossRefPubMed Seeman T, Simkova E, Kreisinger J, Vondrak K, Dusek J, Gilik J, Dvorak P, Janda J (2007) Improved control of hypertension in children after renal transplantation: results of a two-yr interventional trial. Pediatr Transplant 11:491–497CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference KDIGO (2009) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) transplant work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 9:S1–S157 KDIGO (2009) Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) transplant work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 9:S1–S157
45.
go back to reference Lovibond K, Jowett S, Barton P, Caulfield M, Heneghan C, Hobbs FD, Hodgkinson J, Mant J, Martin U, Williams B, Wonderling D, McManus RJ (2011) Cost-effectiveness of options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a modelling study. Lancet 378:1219–1230CrossRefPubMed Lovibond K, Jowett S, Barton P, Caulfield M, Heneghan C, Hobbs FD, Hodgkinson J, Mant J, Martin U, Williams B, Wonderling D, McManus RJ (2011) Cost-effectiveness of options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a modelling study. Lancet 378:1219–1230CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Swartz SJ, Srivaths PR, Croix B, Feig DI (2008) Cost-effectiveness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the initial evaluation of hypertension in children. Pediatrics 122:1177–1181CrossRefPubMed Swartz SJ, Srivaths PR, Croix B, Feig DI (2008) Cost-effectiveness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the initial evaluation of hypertension in children. Pediatrics 122:1177–1181CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Bijlsma MW, Blufpand HN, Kaspers GJ, Bokenkamp A (2014) Why pediatricians fail to diagnose hypertension: a multicenter survey. J Pediatr 164:173–177, e177CrossRefPubMed Bijlsma MW, Blufpand HN, Kaspers GJ, Bokenkamp A (2014) Why pediatricians fail to diagnose hypertension: a multicenter survey. J Pediatr 164:173–177, e177CrossRefPubMed
48.
49.
go back to reference Stergiou GS, Yiannes NG, Rarra VC, Panagiotakos DB (2007) Home blood pressure normalcy in children and adolescents: the Arsakeion school study. J Hypertens 25:1375–1379CrossRefPubMed Stergiou GS, Yiannes NG, Rarra VC, Panagiotakos DB (2007) Home blood pressure normalcy in children and adolescents: the Arsakeion school study. J Hypertens 25:1375–1379CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2002) Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens 20:1995–2007CrossRefPubMed Wuhl E, Witte K, Soergel M, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2002) Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens 20:1995–2007CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Stergiou GS, Karpettas N, Panagiotakos DB, Vazeou A (2011) Comparison of office, ambulatory and home blood pressure in children and adolescents on the basis of normalcy tables. J Hum Hypertens 25:218–223CrossRefPubMed Stergiou GS, Karpettas N, Panagiotakos DB, Vazeou A (2011) Comparison of office, ambulatory and home blood pressure in children and adolescents on the basis of normalcy tables. J Hum Hypertens 25:218–223CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E (2014) 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint national committee (JNC 8). JAMA 311:507–520CrossRefPubMed James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E (2014) 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the eighth joint national committee (JNC 8). JAMA 311:507–520CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Wuhl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, Zurowska A, Testa S, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Caldas-Afonso A, Anarat A, Niaudet P, Mir S, Bakkaloglu A, Enke B, Montini G, Wingen AM, Sallay P, Jeck N, Berg U, Caliskan S, Wygoda S, Hohbach-Hohenfellner K, Dusek J, Urasinski T, Arbeiter K, Neuhaus T, Gellermann J, Drozdz D, Fischbach M, Moller K, Wigger M, Peruzzi L, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2009) Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med 361:1639–1650CrossRefPubMed Wuhl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, Zurowska A, Testa S, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Caldas-Afonso A, Anarat A, Niaudet P, Mir S, Bakkaloglu A, Enke B, Montini G, Wingen AM, Sallay P, Jeck N, Berg U, Caliskan S, Wygoda S, Hohbach-Hohenfellner K, Dusek J, Urasinski T, Arbeiter K, Neuhaus T, Gellermann J, Drozdz D, Fischbach M, Moller K, Wigger M, Peruzzi L, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2009) Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med 361:1639–1650CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Hooper DK (2014) Blood pressure treatment in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Translational Science 2014, Washington Hooper DK (2014) Blood pressure treatment in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Translational Science 2014, Washington
55.
go back to reference Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N (1997) A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative research group. N Engl J Med 336:1117–1124CrossRefPubMed Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N (1997) A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative research group. N Engl J Med 336:1117–1124CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Falkner B, Sherif K, Michel S, Kushner H (2000) Dietary nutrients and blood pressure in urban minority adolescents at risk for hypertension. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:918–922CrossRefPubMed Falkner B, Sherif K, Michel S, Kushner H (2000) Dietary nutrients and blood pressure in urban minority adolescents at risk for hypertension. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:918–922CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Couch SC, Saelens BE, Levin L, Dart K, Falciglia G, Daniels SR (2008) The efficacy of a clinic-based behavioral nutrition intervention emphasizing a DASH-type diet for adolescents with elevated blood pressure. J Pediatr 152:494–501CrossRefPubMed Couch SC, Saelens BE, Levin L, Dart K, Falciglia G, Daniels SR (2008) The efficacy of a clinic-based behavioral nutrition intervention emphasizing a DASH-type diet for adolescents with elevated blood pressure. J Pediatr 152:494–501CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, 3rd Miller ER, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH, Group DA-SCR (2001) Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-sodium collaborative research group. N Engl J Med 344:3–10CrossRefPubMed Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, 3rd Miller ER, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH, Group DA-SCR (2001) Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-sodium collaborative research group. N Engl J Med 344:3–10CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Ard J, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Simons-Morton DG, Conlin PR, Svetkey LP, Erlinger TP, Moore TJ, Karanja N, Group DA-STCR (2001) Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-sodium trial. Ann Intern Med 135:1019–1028CrossRefPubMed Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Ard J, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Simons-Morton DG, Conlin PR, Svetkey LP, Erlinger TP, Moore TJ, Karanja N, Group DA-STCR (2001) Effects of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-sodium trial. Ann Intern Med 135:1019–1028CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Chaturvedi S, Lipszyc DH, Licht C, Craig JC, Parekh R (2014) Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2, CD008117 Chaturvedi S, Lipszyc DH, Licht C, Craig JC, Parekh R (2014) Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2, CD008117
61.
go back to reference Cross NB, Webster AC, Masson P, O'Connell PJ, Craig JC (2009) Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online):CD003598 Cross NB, Webster AC, Masson P, O'Connell PJ, Craig JC (2009) Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online):CD003598
62.
go back to reference Dawidson I, Rooth P, Lu C, Sagalowsky A, Diller K, Palmer B, Peters P, Risser R, Sandor Z, Seney F (1991) Verapamil improves the outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:983–990PubMed Dawidson I, Rooth P, Lu C, Sagalowsky A, Diller K, Palmer B, Peters P, Risser R, Sandor Z, Seney F (1991) Verapamil improves the outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2:983–990PubMed
63.
go back to reference Christians U, Jacobsen W, Benet LZ, Lampen A (2002) Mechanisms of clinically relevant drug interactions associated with tacrolimus. Clin Pharmacokinet 41:813–851CrossRefPubMed Christians U, Jacobsen W, Benet LZ, Lampen A (2002) Mechanisms of clinically relevant drug interactions associated with tacrolimus. Clin Pharmacokinet 41:813–851CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Blowey DL (2012) Update on the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in pediatrics. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14:383–387CrossRef Blowey DL (2012) Update on the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in pediatrics. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14:383–387CrossRef
65.
66.
go back to reference Nehus E, Goebel J, Abraham E (2012) Outcomes of steroid-avoidance protocols in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 12:3441–3448CrossRefPubMed Nehus E, Goebel J, Abraham E (2012) Outcomes of steroid-avoidance protocols in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 12:3441–3448CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Tan HP, Donaldson J, Ellis D, Moritz ML, Basu A, Morgan C, Vats AN, Erkan E, Shapiro R (2008) Pediatric living donor kidney transplantation under alemtuzumab pretreatment and tacrolimus monotherapy: 4-year experience. Transplantation 86:1725–1731CrossRefPubMed Tan HP, Donaldson J, Ellis D, Moritz ML, Basu A, Morgan C, Vats AN, Erkan E, Shapiro R (2008) Pediatric living donor kidney transplantation under alemtuzumab pretreatment and tacrolimus monotherapy: 4-year experience. Transplantation 86:1725–1731CrossRefPubMed
68.
go back to reference Rostaing L, Vincenti F, Grinyo J, Rice KM, Bresnahan B, Steinberg S, Gang S, Gaite LE, Moal MC, Mondragon-Ramirez GA, Kothari J, Pupim L, Larsen CP (2013) Long-term belatacept exposure maintains efficacy and safety at 5 years: results from the long-term extension of the BENEFIT study. Am J Transplant 13:2875–2883CrossRefPubMed Rostaing L, Vincenti F, Grinyo J, Rice KM, Bresnahan B, Steinberg S, Gang S, Gaite LE, Moal MC, Mondragon-Ramirez GA, Kothari J, Pupim L, Larsen CP (2013) Long-term belatacept exposure maintains efficacy and safety at 5 years: results from the long-term extension of the BENEFIT study. Am J Transplant 13:2875–2883CrossRefPubMed
69.
go back to reference Dobbels F, Ruppar T, De Geest S, Decorte A, Van Damme-Lombaerts R, Fine RN (2010) Adherence to the immunosuppressive regimen in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. Pediatr Transplant 14:603–613CrossRefPubMed Dobbels F, Ruppar T, De Geest S, Decorte A, Van Damme-Lombaerts R, Fine RN (2010) Adherence to the immunosuppressive regimen in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. Pediatr Transplant 14:603–613CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Green BB, Cook AJ, Ralston JD, Fishman PA, Catz SL, Carlson J, Carrell D, Tyll L, Larson EB, Thompson RS (2008) Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:2857–2867CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Green BB, Cook AJ, Ralston JD, Fishman PA, Catz SL, Carlson J, Carrell D, Tyll L, Larson EB, Thompson RS (2008) Effectiveness of home blood pressure monitoring, Web communication, and pharmacist care on hypertension control: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:2857–2867CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
go back to reference Magid DJ, Olson KL, Billups SJ, Wagner NM, Lyons EE, Kroner BA (2013) pharmacist-led, American Heart Association Heart360 Web-enabled home blood pressure monitoring program Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 6:157–163 Magid DJ, Olson KL, Billups SJ, Wagner NM, Lyons EE, Kroner BA (2013) pharmacist-led, American Heart Association Heart360 Web-enabled home blood pressure monitoring program Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 6:157–163
72.
go back to reference Maciejewski ML, Bosworth HB, Olsen MK, Smith VA, Edelman D, Powers BJ, Kaufman MA, Oddone EZ, Jackson GL (2014) Do the benefits of participation in a hypertension self-management trial persist after patients resume usual care? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 7:269–275CrossRefPubMed Maciejewski ML, Bosworth HB, Olsen MK, Smith VA, Edelman D, Powers BJ, Kaufman MA, Oddone EZ, Jackson GL (2014) Do the benefits of participation in a hypertension self-management trial persist after patients resume usual care? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 7:269–275CrossRefPubMed
73.
go back to reference Glynn LG, Murphy AW, Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T (2010) Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online):CD005182 Glynn LG, Murphy AW, Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T (2010) Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online):CD005182
Metadata
Title
A systems-based approach to managing blood pressure in children following kidney transplantation
Authors
David K. Hooper
Mark Mitsnefes
Publication date
01-10-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 10/2016
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3192-5

Other articles of this Issue 10/2016

Pediatric Nephrology 10/2016 Go to the issue