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Pediatric Nephrology
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 12/2008

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Educational Feature

Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury

Authors: Mai T. Nguyen, Prasad Devarajan

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 12/2008

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously referred to as acute renal failure (ARF), represents a persistent problem in clinical medicine. Despite significant improvements in therapeutics, the mortality and morbidity associated with AKI remain high. A major reason for this is the lack of early markers for AKI, akin to troponins in acute myocardial disease, and hence an unacceptable delay in initiating therapy. Fortunately, the application of innovative technologies such as functional genomics and proteomics to human and animal models of AKI has uncovered several novel genes and gene products that are emerging as biomarkers. The most promising of these are chronicled in this article. These include a plasma panel [neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C] and a urine panel [NGAL, interleukin 18 (IL-18), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM)-1]. As they represent sequentially expressed biomarkers, it is likely that the AKI panels will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration of AKI. Based on the differential expression of the biomarkers, it is also likely that the AKI panels will distinguish between the various types and etiologies of AKI. It will be important in future studies to validate the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarker panels in clinical samples from large cohorts and from multiple clinical situations.
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Metadata
Title
Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury
Authors
Mai T. Nguyen
Prasad Devarajan
Publication date
01-12-2008
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 12/2008
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-007-0470-x

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