Published in:
01-07-2013
Acute obstructive jaundice and chronic cirrhosis protect against the adverse renal effects of pneumoperitoneum: role of nitric oxide
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 7/2013
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Background
Obstructive jaundice and cirrhosis are associated with impaired renal function. Previously we demonstrated that increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP, pneumoperitoneum) in normal rats induced renal dysfunction. This study investigated the renal effects of pneumoperitoneum in rats with acute jaundice and cirrhotic rats.
Methods
Following a baseline period, rats with obstructive jaundice or cirrhosis induced by acute or chronic bile duct ligation (BDL), respectively, and their sham-controls were subjected to consecutive IAPs of 10 and 14 mmHg for 45 min each. Urine flow (V), Na+ excretion (UNaV), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and urinary NO metabolites (\( {\text{U}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 2} + {\text{NO}}_{ 3} }} \)) and cGMP (UcGMP) were determined.
Results:
Elevating IAP from 0 to 10 and 14 mmHg in normal rats caused IAP-dependent reductions in V, UNaV, GFR, RPF, \( {\text{U}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 2} + {\text{NO}}_{ 3} }} , \) and UcGMP. Basal renal function and hemodynamics were lower in rats with obstructive jaundice. In contrast to normal rats, application of elevated IAP of 10 and 14 mmHg significantly improved V, UNaV, GFR, RPF, and MAP along with increased \( {\text{U}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 2} + {\text{NO}}_{ 3} }} \) and preserved UcGMP. Similarly, when identical IAP conditions were applied to cirrhotic rats, no deleterious changes in V, UNaV, GFR or RPF were observed.
Conclusions
Application of pneumoperitoneum to rats with acute BDL improves kidney function and renal hemodynamics. Likewise, increased IAP does not exert adverse renal effects in cirrhotic rats. These effects are distinct from the deleterious renal consequences of increased IAP in normal rats. Perturbations in the generation of NO/cGMP during IAP in normal rats but not in rats with BDL or cirrhosis may contribute to these differences.