Top

Published in:

01-11-2017 | Original Article

Prevalence and function of Heschl’s gyrus morphotypes in musicians

Authors: Jan Benner, Martina Wengenroth, Julia Reinhardt, Christoph Stippich, Peter Schneider, Maria Blatow

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 8/2017

Abstract

Morphological variations of the first transverse Heschl’s gyrus (HG) in the human auditory cortex (AC) are common, yet little is known about their functional implication. We investigated individual morphology and function of HG variations in the AC of 41 musicians, using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as magnetoencephalography (MEG). Four main morphotypes of HG were (i) single HG, (ii) common stem duplication (CSD), (iii) complete posterior duplication (CPD), and (iv) multiple duplications (MD). The vast majority of musicians (90%) exhibited HG multiplications (type ii–iv) in either one (39%) or both (51%) hemispheres. In 27% of musicians, MD with up to four gyri were found. To probe the functional contribution of HG multiplications to auditory processing we performed fMRI and MEG with auditory stimulation using analogous instrumental tone paradigms. Both methods pointed to the recruitment of all parts of HG during auditory stimulation, including multiplications if present. FMRI activations extended with the degree of HG gyrification. MEG source waveform patterns were distinct for the different types of HG: (i) hemispheres with single HG and (ii) CSD exhibited dominant N1 responses, whereas hemispheres with (iii) CPD and (iv) MD exhibited dominant P1 responses. N1 dipole amplitudes correlated with the localization of the first complete Heschl’s sulcus (cHS), designating the most posterior anatomical border of HG. P2 amplitudes were significantly higher in professional as compared to amateur musicians. The results suggest that HG multiplications occur much more frequently in musicians than in the general population and constitute a functional unit with HG.

Abdul-Kareem IA, Sluming V (2008) Heschl gyrus and its included primary auditory cortex: structural MRI studies in healthy and diseased subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 28(2):287–299. doi:10.1002/jmri.21445 PubMedCrossRef

Auerbach S (1906) Beitrag zur Lokalisation des musikalischen Talentes im Gehirn und am Schädel. Arch Anatom Physiol 1906:197–230

Bangert M, Schlaug G (2006) Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology. Eur J Neurosci 24(6):1832–1834. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05031.x PubMedCrossRef

Besson M, Faita F (1995) An event-related potential (ERP) study of musical expectancy: comparison of musicians with nonmusicians. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 21(6):1278CrossRef

Blatow M, Nennig E, Durst A, Sartor K, Stippich C (2007) fMRI reflects functional connectivity of human somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 37(3):927–936. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.038 PubMedCrossRef

Bonte M, Frost MA, Rutten S, Ley A, Formisano E, Goebel R (2013) Development from childhood to adulthood increases morphological and functional inter-individual variability in the right superior temporal cortex. Neuroimage 83:739–750. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.017 PubMedCrossRef

Brodmann K (1909) Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Barth.

Brown RM, Zatorre RJ, Penhune VB (2015) Expert music performance: cognitive, neural, and developmental bases. Prog Brain Res 217:57–86. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.021 PubMedCrossRef

Campain R, Minckler J (1976) A note on the gross configurations of the human auditory cortex. Brain Lang 3(2):318–323PubMedCrossRef

Da Costa S, van der Zwaag W, Marques JP, Frackowiak RS, Clarke S, Saenz M (2011) Human primary auditory cortex follows the shape of Heschl’s gyrus. J Neurosci 31(40):14067–14075. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2000-11.2011 PubMedCrossRef

De Martino F, Moerel M, Xu J, van de Moortele PF, Ugurbil K, Goebel R, Yacoub E, Formisano E (2015) High-resolution mapping of myeloarchitecture in vivo: localization of auditory areas in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 25(10):3394–3405. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu150 PubMedCrossRef

Dick F, Tierney AT, Lutti A, Josephs O, Sereno MI, Weiskopf N (2012) In vivo functional and myeloarchitectonic mapping of human primary auditory areas. J Neurosci 32(46):16095. doi:10.1523/Jneurosci.1712-12.2012 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Eickhoff SB, Heim S, Zilles K, Amunts K (2006) Testing anatomically specified hypotheses in functional imaging using cytoarchitectonic maps. Neuroimage 32(2):570–582. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.204 PubMedCrossRef

Emmorey K, Allen JS, Bruss J, Schenker N, Damasio H (2003) A morphometric analysis of auditory brain regions in congenitally deaf adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(17):10049–10054. doi:10.1073/pnas.1730169100 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Formisano E, Kim DS, Di Salle F, van de Moortele PF, Ugurbil K, Goebel R (2003) Mirror-symmetric tonotopic maps in human primary auditory cortex. Neuron 40(4):859–869PubMedCrossRef

Galaburda A, Sanides F (1980) Cytoarchitectonic organization of the human auditory cortex. J Comp Neurol 190(3):597–610. doi:10.1002/cne.901900312 PubMedCrossRef

Galaburda AM, LeMay M, Kemper TL, Geschwind N (1978) Right–left asymmetrics in the brain. Science 199(4331):852–856PubMedCrossRef

Gaser C, Schlaug G (2003) Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. J Neurosci 23(27):9240–9245PubMed

Geschwind N, Levitsky W (1968) Human brain: left–right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science 161(3837):186–187PubMedCrossRef

Glasser MF, Van Essen DC (2011) Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by T1- and T2-weighted MRI. J Neurosci 31(32):11597–11616. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Glasser MF, Coalson TS, Robinson EC, Hacker CD, Harwell J, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K, Andersson J, Beckmann CF, Jenkinson M, Smith SM, Van Essen DC (2016) A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature18933 PubMedCentral

Golestani N, Pallier C (2007) Anatomical correlates of foreign speech sound production. Cereb Cortex 17(4):929–934. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl003 PubMedCrossRef

Golestani N, Price CJ, Scott SK (2011) Born with an ear for dialects? Structural plasticity in the expert phonetician brain. J Neurosci 31(11):4213–4220. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3891-10.2011 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Gordon E (1998) Introduction to research and the psychology of music. Boydell & Brewer Ltd, Woodbridge

Griffiths TD (2003) Functional imaging of pitch analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 999:40–49PubMedCrossRef

Hackett TA, Preuss TM, Kaas JH (2001) Architectonic identification of the core region in auditory cortex of macaques, chimpanzees, and humans. J Comp Neurol 441(3):197–222PubMedCrossRef

Hall DA, Johnsrude IS, Haggard MP, Palmer AR, Akeroyd MA, Summerfield AQ (2002) Spectral and temporal processing in human auditory cortex. Cereb Cortex 12(2):140–149PubMedCrossRef

Hämäläinen MS, Sarvas J (1987) Feasibility of the homogeneous head model in the interpretation of neuromagnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 32(1):91–97PubMedCrossRef

Heschl RL (1878) Über die vordere quere Schläfenwindung des menschlichen Grosshirns. Braumüller, Wien

Humphries C, Liebenthal E, Binder JR (2010) Tonotopic organization of human auditory cortex. Neuroimage 50(3):1202–1211. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.046 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Jäncke L, Mirzazade S, Shah NJ (1999) Attention modulates activity in the primary and the secondary auditory cortex: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 266(2):125–128PubMedCrossRef

Jongsma ML, Eichele T, Quian Quiroga R, Jenks KM, Desain P, Honing H, Van Rijn CM (2005) Expectancy effects on omission evoked potentials in musicians and non-musicians. Psychophysiology 42(2):191–201. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00269.x PubMedCrossRef

Kim JJ, Crespo-Facorro B, Andreasen NC, O’Leary DS, Zhang B, Harris G, Magnotta VA (2000) An MRI-based parcellation method for the temporal lobe. Neuroimage 11(4):271–288. doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0543 PubMedCrossRef

Koelsch S, Gunter TC, v Cramon DY, Zysset S, Lohmann G, Friederici AD (2002) Bach speaks: a cortical “language-network” serves the processing of music. Neuroimage 17(2):956–966. doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1154 PubMedCrossRef

Koelsch S, Fritz T, Schulze K, Alsop D, Schlaug G (2005) Adults and children processing music: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 25(4):1068–1076. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.050 PubMedCrossRef

Kuriki S, Kanda S, Hirata Y (2006) Effects of musical experience on different components of MEG responses elicited by sequential piano-tones and chords. J Neurosci 26(15):4046–4053. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3907-05.2006 PubMedCrossRef

Langers DR, van Dijk P (2012) Mapping the tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex with minimally salient acoustic stimulation. Cereb Cortex 22(9):2024–2038. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr282 PubMedCrossRef

Leonard CM, Puranik C, Kuldau JM, Lombardino LJ (1998) Normal variation in the frequency and location of human auditory cortex landmarks. Heschl’s gyrus: where is it? Cereb Cortex 8(5):397–406PubMedCrossRef

Liebenthal E, Desai R, Ellingson MM, Ramachandran B, Desai A, Binder JR (2010) Specialization along the left superior temporal sulcus for auditory categorization. Cereb Cortex 20(12):2958–2970. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq045 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Liegeois-Chauvel C, Musolino A, Badier JM, Marquis P, Chauvel P (1994) Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 92(3):204–214PubMedCrossRef

Liem F, Zaehle T, Burkhard A, Jancke L, Meyer M (2012) Cortical thickness of supratemporal plane predicts auditory N1 amplitude. NeuroReport 23(17):1026–1030. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835abc5c PubMedCrossRef

Marie D, Jobard G, Crivello F, Perchey G, Petit L, Mellet E, Joliot M, Zago L, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2015) Descriptive anatomy of Heschl’s gyri in 430 healthy volunteers, including 198 left-handers. Brain Struct Funct 220(2):729–743. doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0680-x PubMedCrossRef

Marie D, Maingault S, Crivello F, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2016) Surface-based morphometry of cortical thickness and surface area associated with Heschl’s gyri duplications in 430 healthy volunteers. Front Hum Neurosci 10:69. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00069 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Moerel M, De Martino F, Formisano E (2012) Processing of natural sounds in human auditory cortex: tonotopy, spectral tuning, and relation to voice sensitivity. J Neurosci 32(41):14205–14216. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1388-12.2012 PubMedCrossRef

Moerel M, De Martino F, Formisano E (2014) An anatomical and functional topography of human auditory cortical areas. Front Neurosci 8:225. doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00225 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Morosan P, Rademacher J, Schleicher A, Amunts K, Schormann T, Zilles K (2001) Human primary auditory cortex: cytoarchitectonic subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system. Neuroimage 13(4):684–701. doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0715 PubMedCrossRef

Musiek FE, Reeves AG (1990) Asymmetries of the auditory areas of the cerebrum. J Am Acad Audiol 1(4):240–245PubMed

Näätänen R (1990) The role of attention in auditory information-processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function. Behav Brain Sci 13(2):201–232CrossRef

Näätänen R, Picton T (1987) The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiology 24(4):375–425PubMedCrossRef

Pantev C, Hoke M, Lutkenhoner B, Lehnertz K (1989) Tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex: pitch versus frequency representation. Science 246(4929):486–488PubMedCrossRef

Pantev C, Oostenveld R, Engelien A, Ross B, Roberts LE, Hoke M (1998) Increased auditory cortical representation in musicians. Nature 392(6678):811–814. doi:10.1038/33918 PubMedCrossRef

Patterson RD, Uppenkamp S, Johnsrude IS, Griffiths TD (2002) The processing of temporal pitch and melody information in auditory cortex. Neuron 36(4):767–776PubMedCrossRef

Penhune VB, Zatorre RJ, MacDonald JD, Evans AC (1996) Interhemispheric anatomical differences in human primary auditory cortex: probabilistic mapping and volume measurement from magnetic resonance scans. Cereb Cortex 6(5):661–672PubMedCrossRef

Penhune VB, Cismaru R, Dorsaint-Pierre R, Petitto LA, Zatorre RJ (2003) The morphometry of auditory cortex in the congenitally deaf measured using MRI. Neuroimage 20(2):1215–1225. doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00373-2 PubMedCrossRef

Pfeifer RA (1920) Myelogenetisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über das kortikale Ende der Hörleitung. Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. In: Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, vol Bd 37, No. 2

Picton T (2013) Hearing in time: evoked potential studies of temporal processing. Ear Hear 34(4):385–401. doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31827ada02 PubMedCrossRef

Ponton C, Eggermont JJ, Khosla D, Kwong B, Don M (2002) Maturation of human central auditory system activity: separating auditory evoked potentials by dipole source modeling. Clin Neurophysiol 113(3):407–420PubMedCrossRef

Rademacher J, Caviness VS Jr, Steinmetz H, Galaburda AM (1993) Topographical variation of the human primary cortices: implications for neuroimaging, brain mapping, and neurobiology. Cereb Cortex 3(4):313–329PubMedCrossRef

Rademacher J, Morosan P, Schormann T, Schleicher A, Werner C, Freund HJ, Zilles K (2001) Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement of human primary auditory cortex. Neuroimage 13(4):669–683. doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0714 PubMedCrossRef

Rojas DC, Teale P, Sheeder J, Simon J, Reite M (1997) Sex-specific expression of Heschl’s gyrus functional and structural abnormalities in paranoid schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 154(12):1655–1662. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.12.1655 PubMed

Sarvas J (1987) Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the biomagnetic inverse problem. Phys Med Biol 32(1):11–22. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/32/1/004 PubMedCrossRef

Schlaug G, Jancke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H (1995) In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science 267(5198):699–701PubMedCrossRef

Schneider P, Scherg M, Dosch HG, Specht HJ, Gutschalk A, Rupp A (2002) Morphology of Heschl’s gyrus reflects enhanced activation in the auditory cortex of musicians. Nat Neurosci 5(7):688–694. doi:10.1038/nn871 PubMedCrossRef

Schneider P, Sluming V, Roberts N, Scherg M, Goebel R, Specht HJ, Dosch HG, Bleeck S, Stippich C, Rupp A (2005) Structural and functional asymmetry of lateral Heschl’s gyrus reflects pitch perception preference. Nat Neurosci 8(9):1241–1247. doi:10.1038/nn1530 PubMedCrossRef

Schneider P, Andermann M, Wengenroth M, Goebel R, Flor H, Rupp A, Diesch E (2009) Reduced volume of Heschl’s gyrus in tinnitus. Neuroimage 45(3):927–939. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.045 PubMedCrossRef

Seifritz E, Esposito F, Hennel F, Mustovic H, Neuhoff JG, Bilecen D, Tedeschi G, Scheffler K, Di Salle F (2002) Spatiotemporal pattern of neural processing in the human auditory cortex. Science 297(5587):1706–1708. doi:10.1126/science.1074355 PubMedCrossRef

Seither-Preisler A, Parncutt R, Schneider P (2014) Size and synchronization of auditory cortex promotes musical, literacy, and attentional skills in children. J Neurosci 34(33):10937–10949. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5315-13.2014 PubMedCrossRef

Seppänen M, Hämäläinen J, Pesonen AK, Tervaniemi M (2012) Music training enhances rapid neural plasticity of n1 and p2 source activation for unattended sounds. Front Hum Neurosci 6:43. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00043 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Serrallach B, Gross C, Bernhofs V, Engelmann D, Benner J, Gundert N, Blatow M, Wengenroth M, Seitz A, Brunner M, Seither S, Parncutt R, Schneider P, Seither-Preisler A (2016) Neural biomarkers for dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the auditory cortex of children. Front Neurosci 10:324. doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00324 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Shahin A, Roberts LE, Pantev C, Trainor LJ, Ross B (2005) Modulation of P2 auditory-evoked responses by the spectral complexity of musical sounds. NeuroReport 16(16):1781–1785PubMedCrossRef

Sharma A, Kraus N, McGee TJ, Nicol TG (1997) Developmental changes in P1 and N1 central auditory responses elicited by consonant-vowel syllables. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 104(6):540–545PubMedCrossRef

Sigalovsky IS, Fischl B, Melcher JR (2006) Mapping an intrinsic MR property of gray matter in auditory cortex of living humans: a possible marker for primary cortex and hemispheric differences. Neuroimage 32(4):1524–1537. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.023 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Smith KM, Mecoli MD, Altaye M, Komlos M, Maitra R, Eaton KP, Egelhoff JC, Holland SK (2011) Morphometric differences in the Heschl’s gyrus of hearing impaired and normal hearing infants. Cereb Cortex 21(5):991–998. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq164 PubMedCrossRef

Specht K, Willmes K, Shah NJ, Jancke L (2003) Assessment of reliability in functional imaging studies. J Magn Reson Imaging 17(4):463–471. doi:10.1002/jmri.10277 PubMedCrossRef

Steinmetz H, Rademacher J, Huang YX, Hefter H, Zilles K, Thron A, Freund HJ (1989) Cerebral asymmetry: MR planimetry of the human planum temporale. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13(6):996–1005PubMedCrossRef

Steinschneider M, Liegeois-Chauvel C, Brugge JF (2011) Auditory evoked potentials and their utility in the assessment of complex sound processing. Audit Cortex 535–559. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_25

Stippich C, Blatow M, Durst A, Dreyhaupt J, Sartor K (2007) Global activation of primary motor cortex during voluntary movements in man. Neuroimage 34(3):1227–1237. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.046 PubMedCrossRef

Striem-Amit E, Hertz U, Amedi A (2011) Extensive cochleotopic mapping of human auditory cortical fields obtained with phase-encoding FMRI. PLoS One 6(3):e17832. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017832 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tahmasebi AM, Abolmaesumi P, Wild C, Johnsrude IS (2010) A validation framework for probabilistic maps using Heschl’s gyrus as a model. Neuroimage 50(2):532–544. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.074 PubMedCrossRef

Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain: 3-dimensional proportional system: an approach to cerebral imaging. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart

Tervaniemi M, Castaneda A, Knoll M, Uther M (2006) Sound processing in amateur musicians and nonmusicians: event-related potential and behavioral indices. NeuroReport 17(11):1225–1228. doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000230510.55596.8b PubMedCrossRef

Tremblay KL, Inoue K, McClannahan K, Ross B (2010) Repeated stimulus exposure alters the way sound is encoded in the human brain. PLoS One 5(4):e10283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010283 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tremblay KL, Ross B, Inoue K, McClannahan K, Collet G (2014) Is the auditory evoked P2 response a biomarker of learning? Front Syst Neurosci 8:28. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00028 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Marie D, Zago L, Jobard G, Perchey G, Leroux G, Mellet E, Joliot M, Crivello F, Petit L, Mazoyer B (2015) Heschl’s gyrification pattern is related to speech-listening hemispheric lateralization: FMRI investigation in 281 healthy volunteers. Brain Struct Funct 220(3):1585–1599. doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0746-4 PubMedCrossRef

v. Economo C, Horn L (1930) Über Windungsrelief, Maße und Rindenarchitektonik der Supratemporalfläche, ihre individuellen und ihre Seitenunterschiede. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr 130(1):678–757CrossRef

Varèse E, Wen-Chung C (1966) The liberation of sound. Perspect New Music 5(1):11–19CrossRef

Warrier C, Wong P, Penhune V, Zatorre R, Parrish T, Abrams D, Kraus N (2009) Relating structure to function: Heschl’s gyrus and acoustic processing. J Neurosci 29(1):61–69. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3489-08.2009 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Wasserthal C, Brechmann A, Stadler J, Fischl B, Engel K (2014) Localizing the human primary auditory cortex in vivo using structural MRI. Neuroimage 93(Pt 2):237–251. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.046 PubMedCrossRef

Wengenroth M, Blatow M, Bendszus M, Schneider P (2010) Leftward lateralization of auditory cortex underlies holistic sound perception in Williams syndrome. PLoS One 5(8):e12326. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012326 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Wengenroth M, Blatow M, Heinecke A, Reinhardt J, Stippich C, Hofmann E, Schneider P (2014) Increased volume and function of right auditory cortex as a marker for absolute pitch. Cereb Cortex 24(5):1127–1137. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs391 PubMedCrossRef

Westbury CF, Zatorre RJ, Evans AC (1999) Quantifying variability in the planum temporale: a probability map. Cereb Cortex 9(4):392–405PubMedCrossRef

White-Schwoch T, Woodruff Carr K, Anderson S, Strait DL, Kraus N (2013) Older adults benefit from music training early in life: biological evidence for long-term training-driven plasticity. J Neurosci 33(45):17667–17674. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2560-13.2013 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Woldorff MG, Hillyard SA (1991) Modulation of early auditory processing during selective listening to rapidly presented tones. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 79(3):170–191PubMedCrossRef

Wong PC, Warrier CM, Penhune VB, Roy AK, Sadehh A, Parrish TB, Zatorre RJ (2008) Volume of left Heschl’s gyrus and linguistic pitch learning. Cereb Cortex 18(4):828–836. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm115 PubMedCrossRef

Yoshiura T, Higano S, Rubio A, Shrier DA, Kwok WE, Iwanaga S, Numaguchi Y (2000) Heschl and superior temporal gyri: low signal intensity of the cortex on T2-weighted MR images of the normal brain. Radiology 214(1):217–221. doi:10.1148/radiology.214.1.r00ja17217 PubMedCrossRef

Yousry TA, Fesl G, Buttner A, Noachtar S, Schmid UD (1997) Heschl’s gyrus—anatomic description and methods of identification on magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Neuroradiol 3(1):2–12

Zatorre RJ (2013) Predispositions and plasticity in music and speech learning: neural correlates and implications. Science 342(6158):585–589. doi:10.1126/science.1238414 PubMedCrossRef

Zatorre RJ, Salimpoor VN (2013) From perception to pleasure: music and its neural substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(Suppl 2):10430–10437. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301228110 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Title: Prevalence and function of Heschl’s gyrus morphotypes in musicians
Authors: Jan Benner
Martina Wengenroth
Julia Reinhardt
Christoph Stippich
Peter Schneider
Maria Blatow
Publication date: 01-11-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 8/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1419-x

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Prevalence and function of Heschl’s gyrus morphotypes in musicians

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 8/2017

The angular gyrus is a supramodal comparator area in action–outcome monitoring

Dysfunctions in striatal microstructure can enhance perceptual decision making through deficits in predictive coding

Erratum to: Increased glutamic acid decarboxylase expression in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in depression

Do all roads lead to Rome? A comparison of brain networks derived from inter-subject volumetric and metabolic covariance and moment-to-moment hemodynamic correlations in old individuals

Characterization of electrocorticogram high-gamma signal in response to varying upper extremity movement velocity

Neural mechanisms and functional neuroanatomical networks during memory and cue-based task switching as revealed by residue iteration decomposition (RIDE) based source localization