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Open Access 01-01-2017 | Original Article

Genoarchitecture of the extended amygdala in zebra finch, and expression of FoxP2 in cell corridors of different genetic profile

Authors: Alba Vicario, Ezequiel Mendoza, Antonio Abellán, Constance Scharff, Loreta Medina

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

We used a battery of genes encoding transcription factors (Pax6, Islet1, Nkx2.1, Lhx6, Lhx5, Lhx9, FoxP2) and neuropeptides to study the extended amygdala in developing zebra finches. We identified different components of the central extended amygdala comparable to those found in mice and chickens, including the intercalated amygdalar cells, the central amygdala, and the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Many cells likely originate in the dorsal striatal domain, ventral striatal domain, or the pallidal domain, as is the case in mice and chickens. Moreover, a cell subpopulation of the central extended amygdala appears to originate in the prethalamic eminence. As a general principle, these different cells with specific genetic profiles and embryonic origin form separate or partially intermingled cell corridors along the extended amygdala, which may be involved in different functional pathways. In addition, we identified the medial amygdala of the zebra finch. Like in the chickens and mice, it is located in the subpallium and is rich in cells of pallido-preoptic origin, containing minor subpopulations of immigrant cells from the ventral pallium, alar hypothalamus and prethalamic eminence. We also proposed that the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is composed of several parallel cell corridors with different genetic profile and embryonic origin: preoptic, pallidal, hypothalamic, and prethalamic. Several of these cell corridors with distinct origin express FoxP2, a transcription factor implicated in synaptic plasticity. Our results pave the way for studies using zebra finches to understand the neural basis of social behavior, in which the extended amygdala is involved.

Enkephalin is known to modulate pain responses (König et al. 1996; Kang et al. 1998) and is also involved in stress-induced analgesia (Kung et al. 2010). pENK cells in the central amygdala are involved in inhibitory modulation of the activity of other EAce cells, including those projecting to pain control centers of the brainstem (such as the periaqueductal gray) (Haubensak et al. 2010; Li et al. 2013), and may be involved in stress-modulation of pain (Poulin et al. 2008). CRF is a well-known neuropeptide involved in stress and anxiety in mammals (Zorrilla and Koob 2004; Zorrilla et al. 2014), and CRF cells of the EAce are known to have descending projections to brainstem centers involved in autonomic and pain control (Moga and Gray 1985; Gray 1993), and have been involved in anxiety (Walker and Davis 2008). In mammals, SOM cells in the central amygdala appear to include two subpopulations: one coexpressing substance P (SP) and located in the medial subnucleus of the central amygdala (CeM), and another one without SP located in the lateral subnucleus (CeL) (Shimada et al. 1989). The latter was recently found to have direct projections to the brainstem and to be involved in learning and expression of fear conditioned responses (Li et al. 2013; Penzo et al 2014). Those in the CeM also appear to project to the brainstem (based on data on SP cells; Gray and Magnuson 1992), and—as typical of the CeM (Walker and Davis 2008)—may be involved in phasic fear responses (both conditioned and unconditioned) (see discussion in Vicario et al. 2015).

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Title: Genoarchitecture of the extended amygdala in zebra finch, and expression of FoxP2 in cell corridors of different genetic profile
Authors: Alba Vicario
Ezequiel Mendoza
Antonio Abellán
Constance Scharff
Loreta Medina
Publication date: 01-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1229-6

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Genoarchitecture of the extended amygdala in zebra finch, and expression of FoxP2 in cell corridors of different genetic profile

Abstract

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Abstract

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