Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 3/2015

01-04-2015 | Original Article

Management of thyroid nodules incidentally discovered on MIBI scanning for primary hyperparathyroidism

Authors: Tristan Greilsamer, Claire Blanchard, Niki Christou, Delphine Drui, Catherine Ansquer, Maelle Le Bras, Bertrand Cariou, Cécile Caillard, Emmanuelle Mourrain-Langlois, Anne Sophie Delemazure, Muriel Mathonnet, Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré, Eric Mirallié

Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | Issue 3/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction

Parathyroid sestamibi scan is routinely performed before parathyroid surgery. A large number of thyroid cancers take up 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI). Since 2001, thyroid nodules discovered on sestamibi, nodules >2 cm, and/or with suspicious criteria were resected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this policy.

Methods

All patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism, with a MIBI and cervical ultrasonography (US) with a thyroid resection for nodule, were retrospectively included.

Results

From 2001 to 2013, 685 patients were operated on for hyperparathyroidism. Some 137 (85 % females) had both preoperative MIBI and cervical US and a thyroid resection. The mean age was 63.2 ± 12.8 years. Sixty-three patients had a total thyroidectomy and 74 a lobectomy. Thirty-six patients had a thyroid cancer. The median size of cancers was 6.5 mm (0.3–22 mm), and 23 (16.7 %) patients had microcarcinoma. Among the 137 patients, 44 (32 %) had a MIBI+ nodule including 22 cancers. Sixty-one percent of malignant nodules were MIBI+ (22/36). The median size of MIBI+ cancers was 15 mm (9–22 mm) versus 2 mm (0.3–17 mm) for MIBI− cancers (p = 0.03). Twenty-two percent of benign nodules were MIBI+ (22/101). Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MIBI were 61, 78, 50, and 85 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Thyroid nodules incidentally discovered on MIBI in hyperparathyroidism patients should be resected.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Press DM, Siperstein AE, Berber E, Shin JJ, Metzger R, Monteiro R, Mino J, Swagel W, Mitchell JC (2013) The prevalence of undiagnosed and unrecognized primary hyperparathyroidism: a population-based analysis from the electronic medical record. Surgery 154(6):1232–1237CrossRefPubMed Press DM, Siperstein AE, Berber E, Shin JJ, Metzger R, Monteiro R, Mino J, Swagel W, Mitchell JC (2013) The prevalence of undiagnosed and unrecognized primary hyperparathyroidism: a population-based analysis from the electronic medical record. Surgery 154(6):1232–1237CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Bergenfelz AO, Hellman P, Harrison B, Sitges-Serra A, Dralle H (2009) Positional statement of the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES) on modern techniques in pHPT surgery. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 394:761–764. doi:10.1007/s00423-009-0533-5 CrossRef Bergenfelz AO, Hellman P, Harrison B, Sitges-Serra A, Dralle H (2009) Positional statement of the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES) on modern techniques in pHPT surgery. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 394:761–764. doi:10.​1007/​s00423-009-0533-5 CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Fouquet T, Germain A, Zarnegar R, Klein M, De Talance N, Claude Mayer J, Ayav A, Bresler L, Brunaud L (2010) Totally endoscopic lateral parathyroidectomy: prospective evaluation of 200 patients. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 395(7):935–940. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0687-1 CrossRef Fouquet T, Germain A, Zarnegar R, Klein M, De Talance N, Claude Mayer J, Ayav A, Bresler L, Brunaud L (2010) Totally endoscopic lateral parathyroidectomy: prospective evaluation of 200 patients. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 395(7):935–940. doi:10.​1007/​s00423-010-0687-1 CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Leidig-Bruckner G, Cichorowski G, Sattler P, Bruckner T, Sattler B (2012) Evaluation of thyroid nodules—combined use of (99 m)Tc-methylisobutylnitrile scintigraphy and aspiration cytology to assess risk of malignancy and stratify patients for surgical or nonsurgical therapy—a retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol 76:749–758. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04292.x CrossRef Leidig-Bruckner G, Cichorowski G, Sattler P, Bruckner T, Sattler B (2012) Evaluation of thyroid nodules—combined use of (99 m)Tc-methylisobutylnitrile scintigraphy and aspiration cytology to assess risk of malignancy and stratify patients for surgical or nonsurgical therapy—a retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol 76:749–758. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2265.​2011.​04292.​x CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Bergenfelz AO, Wallin G, Jansson S, Eriksson H, Martensson H, Christiansen P, Reihner E (2011) Results of surgery for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with preoperatively negative sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 396:83–90. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0724-0 CrossRef Bergenfelz AO, Wallin G, Jansson S, Eriksson H, Martensson H, Christiansen P, Reihner E (2011) Results of surgery for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with preoperatively negative sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 396:83–90. doi:10.​1007/​s00423-010-0724-0 CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Beus KS, Stack BC Jr (2004) Synchronous thyroid pathology in patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Otolaryngol 25:308–312CrossRefPubMed Beus KS, Stack BC Jr (2004) Synchronous thyroid pathology in patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Otolaryngol 25:308–312CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Turgut B, Elagoz S, Erselcan T, Koyuncu A, Dokmetas HS, Hasbek Z, Ozdemir S, Aydin C (2006) Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas with technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging: relationship with P-glycoprotein expression, oxyphilic cell content, and tumoral tissue volume. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 21:579–590. doi:10.1089/cbr.2006.21.579 CrossRefPubMed Turgut B, Elagoz S, Erselcan T, Koyuncu A, Dokmetas HS, Hasbek Z, Ozdemir S, Aydin C (2006) Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas with technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging: relationship with P-glycoprotein expression, oxyphilic cell content, and tumoral tissue volume. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 21:579–590. doi:10.​1089/​cbr.​2006.​21.​579 CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Boi F, Lombardo C, Cocco MC, Piga M, Serra A, Lai ML, Calo PG, Nicolosi A, Mariotti S (2013) Thyroid diseases cause mismatch between MIBI scan and neck ultrasound in the diagnosis of hyperfunctioning parathyroids: usefulness of FNA-PTH assay. Eur J Endocrinol 168:49–58. doi:10.1530/eje-12-0742 CrossRefPubMed Boi F, Lombardo C, Cocco MC, Piga M, Serra A, Lai ML, Calo PG, Nicolosi A, Mariotti S (2013) Thyroid diseases cause mismatch between MIBI scan and neck ultrasound in the diagnosis of hyperfunctioning parathyroids: usefulness of FNA-PTH assay. Eur J Endocrinol 168:49–58. doi:10.​1530/​eje-12-0742 CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Gomez-Ramirez J, Sancho-Insenser JJ, Pereira JA, Jimeno J, Munne A, Sitges-Serra A (2010) Impact of thyroid nodular disease on 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 395:929–933. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0680-8 CrossRef Gomez-Ramirez J, Sancho-Insenser JJ, Pereira JA, Jimeno J, Munne A, Sitges-Serra A (2010) Impact of thyroid nodular disease on 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 395:929–933. doi:10.​1007/​s00423-010-0680-8 CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Riazi A, Kalantarhormozi M, Nabipour I, Eghbali SS, Farzaneh M, Javadi H, Ostovar A, Seyedabadi M, Assadi M (2014) Technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the assessment of cold thyroid nodules: is it time to change the approach to the management of cold thyroid nodules? Nucl Med Commun 35:51–57. doi:10.1097/mnm.0000000000000013 CrossRefPubMed Riazi A, Kalantarhormozi M, Nabipour I, Eghbali SS, Farzaneh M, Javadi H, Ostovar A, Seyedabadi M, Assadi M (2014) Technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the assessment of cold thyroid nodules: is it time to change the approach to the management of cold thyroid nodules? Nucl Med Commun 35:51–57. doi:10.​1097/​mnm.​0000000000000013​ CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Giovanella L, Suriano S, Maffioli M, Ceriani L, Spriano G (2010) (99 m)Tc-sestamibi scanning in thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic cytology. Head Neck 32:607–611. doi:10.1002/hed.21229 PubMed Giovanella L, Suriano S, Maffioli M, Ceriani L, Spriano G (2010) (99 m)Tc-sestamibi scanning in thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic cytology. Head Neck 32:607–611. doi:10.​1002/​hed.​21229 PubMed
16.
go back to reference Wale A, Dizdarevic S (2014) Combined (99 m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy and fine-needle aspiration cytology offers an accurate and potentially cost-effective investigative strategy for the assessment of solitary or dominant thyroid nodules: reply to comments by Riazi et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:577–578. doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2642-1 CrossRefPubMed Wale A, Dizdarevic S (2014) Combined (99 m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy and fine-needle aspiration cytology offers an accurate and potentially cost-effective investigative strategy for the assessment of solitary or dominant thyroid nodules: reply to comments by Riazi et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:577–578. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-013-2642-1 CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Wémeau JL, Sadoul JL, d’Herbomez M, Monpeyssen H, Tramalloni J, Leteurtre E, Borson-Chazot F, Caron P, Carnaille B, Léger J, Do C, Klein M, Raingeard I, Desailloud R, Leenhardt L (2011) Guidelines of the French society of endocrinology for the management of thyroid nodules. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 72(4):251–281. doi:10.1016/j.ando.2011.05.003 CrossRef Wémeau JL, Sadoul JL, d’Herbomez M, Monpeyssen H, Tramalloni J, Leteurtre E, Borson-Chazot F, Caron P, Carnaille B, Léger J, Do C, Klein M, Raingeard I, Desailloud R, Leenhardt L (2011) Guidelines of the French society of endocrinology for the management of thyroid nodules. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 72(4):251–281. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ando.​2011.​05.​003 CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, Duick DS, Valcavi R, Hegedus L, Vitti P (2010) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations. J Endocrinol Investig 33:51–56CrossRef Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, Duick DS, Valcavi R, Hegedus L, Vitti P (2010) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations. J Endocrinol Investig 33:51–56CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Treglia G, Caldarella C, Saggiorato E, Ceriani L, Orlandi F, Salvatori M, Giovanella L (2013) Diagnostic performance of (99 m)Tc-MIBI scan in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis. Endocrine 44:70–78. doi:10.1007/s12020-013-9932-z CrossRefPubMed Treglia G, Caldarella C, Saggiorato E, Ceriani L, Orlandi F, Salvatori M, Giovanella L (2013) Diagnostic performance of (99 m)Tc-MIBI scan in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis. Endocrine 44:70–78. doi:10.​1007/​s12020-013-9932-z CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Ghajarzadeh M, Sodagari F, Shakiba M (2014) Diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in detecting malignant thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202:W379–W389. doi:10.2214/ajr.12.9785 CrossRefPubMed Ghajarzadeh M, Sodagari F, Shakiba M (2014) Diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in detecting malignant thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202:W379–W389. doi:10.​2214/​ajr.​12.​9785 CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Rosario PW (2014) Thyroid nodules with atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance (Bethesda category III): importance of ultrasonography and cytological subcategory. Thyroid. doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0650 Rosario PW (2014) Thyroid nodules with atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance (Bethesda category III): importance of ultrasonography and cytological subcategory. Thyroid. doi:10.​1089/​thy.​2013.​0650
22.
go back to reference Heinzel A, Muller D, Behrendt FF, Giovanella L, Mottaghy FM, Verburg FA (2014) Thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: molecular imaging with 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) is more cost-effective than the Afirma gene expression classifier. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:1497–1500. doi:10.1007/s00259-014-2760-4 CrossRefPubMed Heinzel A, Muller D, Behrendt FF, Giovanella L, Mottaghy FM, Verburg FA (2014) Thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: molecular imaging with 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) is more cost-effective than the Afirma gene expression classifier. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 41:1497–1500. doi:10.​1007/​s00259-014-2760-4 CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Mehanna H, Al-Maqbili T, Carter B, Martin E, Campain N, Watkinson J, McCabe C, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA (2014) Differences in the recurrence and mortality outcomes rates of incidental and nonincidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 329 person-years of follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:2834–2843. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2118 CrossRefPubMed Mehanna H, Al-Maqbili T, Carter B, Martin E, Campain N, Watkinson J, McCabe C, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA (2014) Differences in the recurrence and mortality outcomes rates of incidental and nonincidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 329 person-years of follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:2834–2843. doi:10.​1210/​jc.​2013-2118 CrossRefPubMed
24.
25.
go back to reference Onkendi EO, Richards ML, Thompson GB, Farley DR, Peller PJ, Grant CS (2012) Thyroid cancer detection with dual-isotope parathyroid scintigraphy in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Oncol 19:1446–1452. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2282-x CrossRefPubMed Onkendi EO, Richards ML, Thompson GB, Farley DR, Peller PJ, Grant CS (2012) Thyroid cancer detection with dual-isotope parathyroid scintigraphy in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg Oncol 19:1446–1452. doi:10.​1245/​s10434-012-2282-x CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, Franco C, Niedmann JP, Castro A, Dominguez M (2009) An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1748–1751. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1724 CrossRefPubMed Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, Franco C, Niedmann JP, Castro A, Dominguez M (2009) An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1748–1751. doi:10.​1210/​jc.​2008-1724 CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Management of thyroid nodules incidentally discovered on MIBI scanning for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors
Tristan Greilsamer
Claire Blanchard
Niki Christou
Delphine Drui
Catherine Ansquer
Maelle Le Bras
Bertrand Cariou
Cécile Caillard
Emmanuelle Mourrain-Langlois
Anne Sophie Delemazure
Muriel Mathonnet
Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
Eric Mirallié
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1435-2443
Electronic ISSN: 1435-2451
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-015-1286-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 3/2015 Go to the issue