Top

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

Published in:

01-04-2006 | New Surgical Horizons

Treatment for multiple bilobar liver metastases of colorectal cancer

Authors: Hiroshi Shimada, Kuniya Tanaka, Kenichi Matsuo, Shinji Togo

Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | Issue 2/2006

Abstract

Background

Recent advances have extended indications for hepatectomy to include multiple bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Staging systems based on the biological malignancy of primary and metastatic tumors provide appropriate indications for hepatectomy in CLM. However, suitability for resection in patients with complex and extensive hepatic metastases is controversial.

Methods

A medline search was performed to identify papers reporting the resection for CLM. Techniques, indication, and results were reviewed.

Results

If the anticipated remnant liver volume is small (25–40% of total), suggesting a high risk of postoperative liver failure, portal vein embolization (PVE) is recommended prior to hepatectomy. However, curative resections are not always possible. Specifically in synchronous multiple bilobar CLM, two-stage hepatectomy, comprising bilateral hepatectomy and primary resection with or without PVE, can prevent growth of ipsilateral metastatic nodules in the remnant liver and reduce surgical risk. Several local ablation techniques can complement surgery if hepatic resection alone increases the risk of postoperative liver failure or is not curative. Chemotherapy combined with targeted treatment can suppress recurrence and extend indications for hepatectomy by reducing the size and number of primary irresectable tumors.

Conclusion

PVE or staged procedure combining with local ablation or neoadjuvant, downstaging or adjuvant therapies extends indications for hepatectomy to include multiple bilobar CLM. The 5-year survival rate for multiple bilobar CLM treated with alternating hepatectomy and chemotherapy is comparable to the values reported for single and hemilateral CLM.

Jaeck D, Bachellier P, Guiguet M, Boudjema K, Vaillant JC, Balladur P, Nordlinger B (1997) Long-term survival following resection of colorectal hepatic metastases: Association Francaise de Chirurugie. Br J Surg 84:977–980PubMed

Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant JC, Balladur P, Boudjema K, Bachellier P, Jaeck D (1996) Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver: a prognostic scoring system to improve case selection based on 1568 patients. Cancer 77:1254–1262CrossRefPubMed

Gayowski TJ, Iwatsuki S, Madariaga JR, Selby R, Todo S, Irish W, Starzl TE (1994) Experience in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of clinical and pathological risk factors. Surgery 116:703–711PubMed

Registry of Hepatic Metastases (1988) Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases: multi-institutional study of indications for resection. Surgery 103:278–288

Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Torzilli G, Takayama, Kawasaki S, Kosuge T, Yamamoto J, Imamura H (2000) Extension of the frontiers of surgical indications in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: long term results. Ann Surg 231:487–499CrossRefPubMed

Fong Y, Cohen AM, Fortner JG, Enker WE, Turnbull AD, Coit DG, Marrero AM, Prasad M, Blumgart LH, Brennan MF (1997) Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 15:938–946PubMed

Scheele J, Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Grube T, Hohenberger W, Stangl R, Schmidt K (1995) Resection of colorectal metastases. World J Surg 19:59–71CrossRefPubMed

Ueno H, Mochizuki H, Hatsuse K, Hase K, Yamamoto T (2000) Indications for treatment strategies of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 231:59–66CrossRefPubMed

Shimada H, Tanaka K, Masui H, Nagano Y, Matsuo K, Kijima M, Ichikawa Y, Ike H, Ooki S, Togo S (2004) Result of surgical treatment for multiple (>5 nodules) bilobar-hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389:114–121CrossRefPubMed

10.

Tanaka K, Shimada H, Togo S, Ota M, Yamaguchi I, Ike H (2001) Is hepatic resection for multiple liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma acceptable treatment? Hepatogastroenterology 48:803–807PubMed

11.

Wood CB, Gillis CR, Blumgardit LH (1976) A retrospective study of the natural history of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Clin Oncol 2:285–288PubMed

12.

Goslin R, Steele G Jr, Zamcheck M, Mayer R, MacIntyre J (1982) Factors influencing survival in patients with hepatic metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 25:749–754PubMed

13.

Neilsen J, Balslev I, Jensen HE (1971) Carcinoma of the colon with liver metastases: operative indications and prognosis. Acta Chir Scand 137:463–465PubMed

14.

Haider MA, Amitai MM, Rappaport D, O’Malley ME, Hanbridge AE, Redston M, Lockwood GA, Gallinger S (2002) Multi-detector row CT in preoperative assessment of small (≤1.5 cm) liver metastasis: is thinner collimation better. Radiology 225:137–142PubMed

15.

Sica GT, Ji H, Ros PR (2002) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic metastases. Clin Liver Dis 6:165–179CrossRefPubMed

16.

Giovagoni A, Marteganic A, Aiani L et al (2001) Pulse inversion US with echographic contrast media in the evaluation of hepatic metastases. Radiol Med 101:111–117

17.

Esteban JM, Molla MA, Tomas C, Maldonado L (2002) Improved detection of liver metastases with contrast-enhanced wide band harmonic imaging: comparison with CT findings. Eur J Ultrasound 15:119–126CrossRefPubMed

18.

Ruer TJ, Langenhoff BS, Neeleman N, Jager GJ, Strijk S, Wobbes T, Corstens FH, Oyen WJ (2002) Value of positron emission tomography with [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with colorectal liver metastases: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 20:388–395CrossRefPubMed

19.

Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Kubota K, Kondo Y (2004) Intraoperative three dimensional ultrasound visualization of liver vasculature. Hepatogastroenterology 51:1448–1450PubMed

20.

Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Kuwata E, Tanaka N (1984) A multiple regression equation for prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure. Ann Surg 200:658–663PubMed

21.

Boerma EJ (1990) Research into the results of resection of hilar bile duct cancer. Surgery 108:572–580PubMed

22.

Kemeny NE, Kemeny MM, Lawrens TS (2000) Liver metastases. In: Abeloff MD (ed) Clinical oncology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 886–921

23.

Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, Fuchs CS, Ramanathan RK, Williamson SK, Findlay BP, Pitot HC, Alberts SR (2004) A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:23–30CrossRefPubMed

24.

Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, Berlin J, Baron A, Griffing S, Holmgren E, Ferrera N, Fyfe G, Rogers B, Ross R, Kabbinavar F (2004) Bevacimab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil and leukovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2335–2342CrossRefPubMed

25.

Jaeck D, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, Greget M, Weber J-C, Bachellier P (2004) A two-stage hepatectomy procedure combined with portal vien embolization to achieve curative resection for initially unresectable multiple and bilobar colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 240:1037–1051CrossRefPubMed

26.

Adam R, Pascal G, Castaing D, Azouley D, Delvart V, Paule B, Levi F, Bismuth H (2004) Tumor progression while on chemotherapy a contra indication to liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases? Ann Surg 240:1052–1064CrossRefPubMed

27.

Johnson K, Bakhsh A, Young D, Martin TE Jr, Arnold M (2001) Correlating computing tomography and positron emission tomography scan with operative findings in metastatic colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 44(3):354–357CrossRefPubMed

28.

Selzner M, Hany TF, Wildbertt P, Mc Cormack L, Kadry Z, Clavien P (2004) Does the novel PET/CT imaging modality impact on the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer of the liver. Ann Surg 240:1026–1027

29.

Kubota K, Makuuchi M, Kusaka K, Kobayashi T, Miki K, Hasegawa K, Harihara Y, Takayama T (1997) Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision-making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors. Hepatology 26:1176–1181PubMed

30.

Soyer P, Roche A, Elias D, Levesque M (1992) Hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: influence of hepatic volumetric analysis on surgical decision-making. Radiology 184:695–697PubMed

31.

Henderson JM, Heymsfield SB, Horowitz J, Kutner MH (1981) Measurement of liver and spleen volume by computed tomography. Radiology 141:525–527PubMed

32.

Penna C, Nordinger B (2002) Colorectal metastasis (liver and 1ung). Surg Clin N Am 82:1075–1090CrossRefPubMed

33.

Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH (1999) Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 230:309–321CrossRefPubMed

34.

Bulton JS, Fuhman GM (2000) Survival after resection of multiple bilobar hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 231:743–751CrossRefPubMed

35.

Taylor I (1985) Colorectal liver metastases—to treat or not to treat? Br J Surg 72:511–516PubMed

36.

Tanaka K, Shimada H, Fujii Y, Endo I, Sekido H, Togo S, Ike H (2004) Pre-hepatectomy prognostic staging to determine treatment strategy for colorectal cancer metastases to the liver. Langenbecks Arch Surg 389(5):371–379CrossRefPubMed

37.

Ueno H, Mochizuki H, Hatsuse K, Hase K, Yamamoto T (2000) Indications for treatment strategies of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 231:59–66CrossRefPubMed

38.

Tanaka K, Shimada H, Miura M, Fujii Y, Yamaguchi S, Endo I, Sekido H, Togo S, Ike H (2004) Metastatic doubling time: the most important predictor of survival and non-recurrence in hepatic colorectal metastasis. World J Surg 28:263–270CrossRefPubMed

39.

Fusai G, Davidson BR (2003) Strategies to increase the respectability of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Dig Surg 20:481–496CrossRefPubMed

40.

Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, Valeanu A, Castaing D, Azoulay D, Giacchetti S, Paule B, Kunstlinger F, Ghemard O, Levi F, Bismuth H (2004) Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 240:644–657PubMed

41.

Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, Farabos C, Waechter F, Castaing D, Majno P, Engerran L (1996) Resection of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 224:509–520CrossRefPubMed

42.

Imamura H, Kawasaki S (1999) Treatment strategy for multiple hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 6:23–29CrossRefPubMed

43.

Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Taswell HF, Helgeson SL, Ilstrup DM, van Heerden JA, Adson MA (1992) Perioperative blood transfusion and determinants of survival after liver resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 216:493–505PubMed

44.

Sugawara Y, Yamamoto J, Yamasaki S, Shimada K, Kosuge T, Makuuchi M (2001) Estimating the prognosis of hepatic resection in patients with metastatic liver tumors from colorectal cancer with special concern for the timing of hepatectomy. Surgery 129:408–413PubMed

45.

Elias D, Ouellet JF, Bellon N, Pignon JP, Pocard M, Lasser P (2003) Extra hepatic disease does not contraindicate hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 90:567–574CrossRefPubMed

46.

Pichlmayer R (1988) Is there a place for liver grafting for malignancy. Transplant Proc 20:478–482

47.

Azouley D, Castaing D, Smail A, Adam R, Cally V, Laurent A, Lemoine A, Bismuth H (2000) Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after percutaneous portal vein embolization. Ann Surg 231:480–486CrossRefPubMed

48.

Makuuchi M, Thai BL, Takayasu K, Takayama T, Kosuge T, Gunnven P, Yamazaki S, Hasegawa H, Ozaki H (1990) Preoperative portal embolization to increase safety of major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma: a preliminary report. Surgery 107:521–527PubMed

49.

Harada H, Imamura H, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki S (1997) Fate of human liver after hemihepatic portal vein embolization: cell kinetic and morphometric study. Hepatology 26:1162–1170PubMed

50.

Kokudo N, Tda K, Seki M, Ohta H, Azekura K, Ueno M, Ohta K, Yamaguchi T, Matsubara T, Nakajima T, Muto T, Ikari T, Yanagisawa A, Kato Y (2001) Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemi-hepatic portal vein embolization. Hepatology 34:267–272CrossRefPubMed

51.

Fujii Y, Shimada H, Endo I, Kamiyama M, Kamimukai N, Tanaka K et al (2000) Changes in clinicopathological findings after portal vein embolization. Hepatogastroenterology 47:1560–1563PubMed

52.

De Baere T, Roche A, Elias D, Lasser P, Lagrange C, Bousson V (1996) Preoperative portal vein embolization for extension of hepatectomy indications. Hepatology 24:1386–1391CrossRefPubMed

53.

Adam R, Laurent A, Azouley D, Castaing D, Bismuth H (2000) Two-stage hepatectomy: a planned strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors. Ann Surg 232:777–785CrossRefPubMed

54.

Togo S, Nagano Y, Masui H, Tanaka K, Miura Y, Morita D, Endo I, Sekido H, Ike H, Shimada H (2005) Two-stage hepatectomy for multiple biolobular liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 52:913–919PubMed

55.

Bakalakas EA, Kim JA, Young D, Martin EW Jr (1998) Determinants of survival following hepatic resection for metastactic colorectal cancer. World J Surg 22:399–405CrossRefPubMed

56.

Ekberg H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, Lundstedt C, Hagerstrand I, Ranstam J, Bengmark S (1986) Determinants of survival in liver resection for colorectal secondaries. Br J Surg 73:727–731PubMed

57.

Cady B, Jenkins RL, Steele GD Jr, Lewis WD, Stone MD, McDermott WV, Jessup JM, Bothe A, Lalor P, Lovett EJ, Lavin P, Linehan DC (1998) Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: a critical and improbable determinant of outcome. Ann Surg 227:566–571CrossRefPubMed

58.

Shirabe K, Takenaka K, Gion T, Fujiwara Y, Shimada M, Yanaga K, Maeda T, Kajiyama K, Sugimachi K (1997) Analysis of prognostic risk factors in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal carcinoma with special reference to the surgical margin. Br J Surg 84:1077–1080CrossRefPubMed

59.

Yasui K, Hirata T, Kato T, Torii A, Uesaka K, Morimoto T, Kodera Y, Yamamura Y, Kito T, Hamajima N (1997) A new macroscopic classification predicts prognosis for patient with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 266:582–586CrossRef

60.

Elias D, Caralcanti A, Sabourin JC, Pignon JP, Dureux M, Lasser P (1998) Result of 136 curative hepatectomies with a safety margin of less than 10 mm for colorectal metastases. J Surg Oncol 69:88–93CrossRefPubMed

61.

Nanko M, Shimada H, Yamaoka H, Tanaka K, Masui H, Matsuo K, Ike H, Oki S, Hara M (1998) Micrometastatic colorectal cancer lesion in the liver. Surg Today 28:707–713CrossRefPubMed

62.

Fuhrman GM, Curley SA, Hohn DC, Roh MS (1995) Improved survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2:537–541CrossRefPubMed

63.

Steele G Jr, Bleday R, Mayer RJ, Lindblad A, Petrelli N, Weaver D (1991) A prospective evaluation of hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver: gastrointestinal tumor study group protocol 6584. J Clin Oncol 9:1105–1112PubMed

64.

Altendorf-Hofmann A, Scheele JA (2003) A critical review of the major indicators of prognosis after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 12:165–192CrossRefPubMed

65.

Pawlik TM, Scoggins CR, Zorzi O, Abdalla EK, Andre A, Eng C, Curley SA, Loyer EM, Muratore A, Mentha G, Capussotti L, Vanthey JN (2005) Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 241:715–724CrossRefPubMed

66.

Yamamoto J, Sugihara K, Kosuge J, Takayama T, Shimada T, Yamasaki S, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S (1995) Pathological support for limited hepatectomy in the treatment of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 221:74–78PubMed

67.

Kokudo N, Miki Y, Sugai S, Yanagisawa A, Kato Y, Sakamoto Y, Yamamoto J, Yamaguchi T, Muto T, Makuuchi M (2002) Genetic and histological assessment of surgical margins in resected liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: minimum surgical margins for successful resection. Arch Surg 137:833–840CrossRefPubMed

68.

Sheele J, Stangle R, Altendorf-Hoffmann A et al (1991) Indications of prognosis after hepatic resection for colorectal secondary. Surgery 110:13–19PubMed

69.

Rous P, Larimore LD (1920) Relation of the portal flow to liver maintenance. A demonstration of liver atrophy conditional to on compensation. J Exp Med 31:609–632CrossRef

70.

Abdalla EK, Vauthey J-N, Ellis LM, Ellis V, Pollock R, Broglio KR, Hess K, Curly SA (2004) Recurrence and anticome following hepatic resection, Rf and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 239:818–827CrossRefPubMed

71.

de Baere T, Roche A, Elias D, Lasser P, Lagrange C, Bousson V (1996) Preoperative portal vein embolization for extension of hepatectomy indications. Hepatology 24:1386–1391CrossRefPubMed

72.

Vauthey JN, Chaoui A, Do KA, Bilimoria MM, Fenstermacher MJ, Charsangavej C, Hicks M, Alsfasser G, Lauwers G, Hawkins IF, Caridi J (2000) Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: methodology and clinical association. Surgery 127:512–519CrossRefPubMed

73.

Nagino M, Nimura Y, Kondo S, Kanai M (1996) Selective percutaneous transhepatic embolization of the portal vein in preparation for extensive liver resection: the ipsilateral approach. Radiology 200:559–563PubMed

74.

Uesaka K, Nimura Y, Nagino M (1996) Changes in hepatic lobar function after right portal vein embolization. An appraisal by biliary indocyanine green excretion. Ann Surg 223:77–83CrossRefPubMed

75.

Nagtano Y, Nagahori K, Fujii Y, Hamaguchi Y, Ishikawa T, Ichikawa Y, Togo S, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y, Shimada H (2004) Gene expression profile analysis of regenerating liver after portal vein ligation in rats by a cDNA microarray system. Liver Int 24:253–258CrossRefPubMed

76.

Elics D, De Baare T, Roche A, Ducreaux M, Leclere J, Lasser P (1999) During liver regeneration following right portal embolization, the growth rate of liver metastases is more rapid than that of the liver parenchyma. Br J Surg 86:784–788CrossRefPubMed

77.

Kianmanesh R, Farges O, Abdalla EK, Sauvanet A, Ruszniewski P, Belghiti J (2003) Right portal vein ligation: a new planned two-step all surgical approach for complete resection of primary gastrointestinal tumors with multiple bilateral liver metastases. J Am Coll Surg 197:164–170CrossRefPubMed

78.

Petrowski H, Goren M, Janargen W, Loreng M, Dematteo R, Heinrich S, Encke A, Blumgart L, Fong Y (2002) Second liver resections are safe and effective treatment for recurrent hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 235:863–871CrossRefPubMed

79.

Shibata T, Niinobu T, Ogata N, Takami M (2000) Microwave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 89:276–284CrossRefPubMed

80.

Morita T, Shibata T, Okuyama M, Ikeda K, Takahara Y, Kitada M, Takashi S (2004) Microwave coagulation therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 31(5):695–699

81.

Ruers TJ, Josten J, Jager GJ, Wobbes T (2001) Long-term results of treating hepatic colorectal metastases with cryotherapy. Br J Surg 88:844–849CrossRefPubMed

82.

Grothey A, Schmoll HJ (2001) New chemotherapy approaches in colorectal cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 13:275–286CrossRefPubMed

83.

Masi G, Allegrini G, Danesi R, Di Paulo A, Cupini S, Marcucci L, Pfanner E, Brunetti I, Conte P-F, Del Tacca M, Falcone A (2002) Bi-weekly irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (LOHP), leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 48 hrs. continuous infusion in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 21:169a

84.

Ellis LM, Hoff PM (2004) Targeting the EGFR: an important incremental step in the battle against colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:1177–1179CrossRefPubMed

85.

Saltz LB, Meropol NJ, Joehrer RJ, Needle MN, Kopit J, Mayer R (2004) Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with refractory colorectal cancer that express the EGFR. J Clin Oncol 22:1201–1208CrossRefPubMed

86.

Chung KY, Shia J, Kemney NE, Shah M, Schwartz GK, Tse A, Hamilton A, Pan D, Schrag D, Schwartz L, Klimstra DS, Fridman D, Kelsen D, Saltz LB (2005) Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the EGFR by immunohistochemistry. J Clin Oncol 23:1803–1809CrossRefPubMed

87.

Sparano JA, Gray R, Gianoti BO, Dwyer P, Comis RL (2004) Evaluating antiangiogenesis agents in the clinic: the eastern cooperative oncology group portfolio of clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 10:1206–1211CrossRefPubMed

88.

Ashele C, Lonardi S, Monfardini S (2002) Thymidylate synthase expression as a predictor of the clinical response to fluoropyrimidive-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Treat Rev 28:27–47CrossRef

89.

Loreng M, Resion I (1995) Adjuvant and palliative regional therapy of liver metastases in colorectal tumors. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 120:690–697PubMedCrossRef

90.

Benson AB (1998) Therapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 25:2–11PubMed

91.

Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gay B, Macdonald JS, Smith T, Lpsitz S, Sigundson ER, Dwyer JO, Benson AB (2002) Combined modality treatment for respectable metastaic colorectal carcinoma to the liver. J Clin Oncol 20:1499–1505CrossRefPubMed

92.

Tanaka K, Adam R, Shimada H, Azouley D, Levi F, Bismuth H (2003) Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of multiple colorectal metastases to the liver. Br J Surg 90:963–969CrossRefPubMed

93.

Allen PF, Kemeny N, Jarnegin W, Dematteo R, Blumgardt L, Fong R (2003) Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing resection of synchronous colorectal time metastases. J Gastrointest Surg 7:109–117CrossRefPubMed

94.

Cholett P, Amat S, Cure H, de Latour M, Le Bouedec G, Mouret-Reynier MA, Ferriere JP, Achard JL, Dauplat J, Penault-Llorca F. (2002) Prognostic significance of a complete pathological response after induction chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer 86:1041–1046CrossRefPubMed

95.

Tabira Y, Yasunaga M, Sakaguchi T, Nagamoto N, Ogi S, Kitamura N (2000) Predicting initial recurrence pattern of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Hepatogastroenterology 47:1315–1318PubMed

96.

Miyanari N, Mori T, Takahashi K, Yasuno M (2002) Evaluation of aggressively treated patients with unresectable multiple liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1503–1509CrossRefPubMed

97.

Clavien PA, Selzner N, Morse M, Selzner M, Paulson E (2002) Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases from colorectal cancer by selective intra-arterial chemotherapy. Surgery 131:433–42

98.

Catalano V, Baldelli AM, Giordani P, Cascinu S (2001) Molecular marker predictive of response to chemotherapy in gastrointestinal tumor. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 38:93–104PubMed

99.

Ashele C, Debernardes D, Londardi S, Bandelloni R, Casezza S, Monfardini S, Gallo L (2004) Deleted colon cancer protein expression in colorectal cancer metastasis. J Clin Oncol 22:3758–3765CrossRefPubMed

100.

Tanaka T, Tanimoto K, Otani K, Satoh K, Ohtaka M, Yoshida K, Toge T, Yahata H, Tanada S, Chayama K, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y, Hiyama K, Nishiyama M (2004) Concise prediction models of anticancer efficacy of 8 drugs using expression data from 12 selected genes. Int J Cancer 111:617–626CrossRefPubMed

101.

Ghadimi BM, Grade M, Di Filippantonio MJ, Varma S, Simon R, Montagner C, Fuzesi L, Langen C, Becker H, Liersch T, Ried T (2005) Effectiveness of gene expression profiling for response prediction of rectal adenocarcinomas to preoperative chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 23:1826–1838CrossRefPubMed

102.

Shrag D, Garewal HS, Burstein HF, Samson DJ, von Hoff DD, Mark R (2004) American society of clinical oncology technology assessment: chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assay. J Clin Oncol 22:3631–3638CrossRefPubMed

Title: Treatment for multiple bilobar liver metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Hiroshi Shimada
Kuniya Tanaka
Kenichi Matsuo
Shinji Togo
Publication date: 01-04-2006
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery / Issue 2/2006
Print ISSN: 1435-2443
Electronic ISSN: 1435-2451
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-005-0003-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Treatment for multiple bilobar liver metastases of colorectal cancer

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2006

Leadership characteristics and business management in modern academic surgery

“Fibrinolytic capacity in peritoneal fluid after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resection: data from a randomized controlled trial” by J. Neudecker et al.

Intraarterial chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in locally advanced gastric cancer

Evidence-based medicine—from best research evidence to a better surgical practice and health care

Systemic capsaicin inhibits neuronal activation in the brainstem during postoperative ileus in the mouse

Isolation and transduction of monocytes: promising vehicles for therapeutic arteriogenesis