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European Journal of Applied Physiology

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01-01-2019 | Original Article

Effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on locomotor muscle oxygenation in elite speed skaters during 3000 m time trials

Authors: Philippe Richard, François Billaut

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Purpose

It has been shown that an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) could enhance performance. IMW may also improve the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) during cycling. However, there exists contradictory data about the effect of this conditioning strategy on performance and muscle oxygenation. We examined the effect of IMW on speed skating performance and studied the underpinning physiological mechanisms related to muscle oxygenation.

Methods

In a crossover, randomized, single-blind study, eight elite speed skaters performed 3000 m on-ice time trials, preceded by either IMW (2 × 30 breaths, 40% maximal inspiratory pressure) or SHAM (2 × 30 breaths, 15% maximal inspiratory pressure). Changes in TSI, oxyhemoglobin–oxymyoglobin ([O₂HbMb]), deoxyhemoglobin–deoxymyoglobin ([HHbMb]), total hemoglobin–myoglobin ([THbMb]) and HHbMbdiff ([O₂HbMb]–[HHbMb]) in the right vastus lateralis muscle were monitored by NIRS. All variables were compared at different time points of the race simulation with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Differences between IMW and SHAM were also analyzed using Cohen’s effect size (ES) ± 90% confidence limits, and magnitude-based inferences.

Results

Compared with SHAM, IMW had no clear impact on skating time (IMW 262.88 ± 17.62 s vs. SHAM 264.05 ± 21.12 s, effect size (ES) 0.05; 90% confidence limits, − 0.22, 0.32, p = 0.7366), TSI, HbMbdiff, [THbMb], [O₂HbMb] and perceptual responses.

Conclusions

IMW did not modify skating time during a 3000 m time trial in speed skaters, in the conditions of our study. The unchanged [THbMb] and TSI demonstrate that the mechanisms by which IMW could possibly exert an effect on performance were unaffected by this intervention.

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Title: Effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on locomotor muscle oxygenation in elite speed skaters during 3000 m time trials
Authors: Philippe Richard
François Billaut
Publication date: 01-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4015-8

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on locomotor muscle oxygenation in elite speed skaters during 3000 m time trials

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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