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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Original Article

Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle

Authors: C. H. Joo, R. Allan, B. Drust, G. L. Close, T. S. Jeong, J. D. Bartlett, C. Mawhinney, J. Louhelainen, J. P. Morton, Warren Gregson

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 11-12/2016

Abstract

Purpose

We tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle.

Method

Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \hbox{max}\), interspersed with 3-min active recovery (1.5-min at 25 % and 1.5-min at 50 % \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} \hbox{max}\)) before undergoing CWI (10 min at 8 °C) or seated rest (CONT) in a counterbalanced, randomised manner. Study 2 Ten males underwent an identical CWI protocol under passive conditions.

Results

Study 1 PGC-1α mRNA increased in CONT (~3.4-fold; P < 0.001) and CWI (~5.9-fold; P < 0.001) at 3 h post-exercise with a greater increase observed in CWI (P < 0.001). VEGFtotal mRNA increased after CWI only (~2.4-fold) compared with CONT (~1.1-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Study 2 Following CWI, PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased ~1.3-fold (P = 0.001) and 1.4-fold (P = 0.0004) at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Similarly, VEGF165 mRNA was significantly increased in CWI ~1.9-fold (P = 0.03) and 2.2-fold (P = 0.009) at 3 and 6 h post-immersion.

Conclusions

Data confirm post-exercise CWI augments the acute exercise-induced expression of PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle compared to exercise per se. Additionally CWI per se mediates the activation of PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Cold water may therefore enhance the adaptive response to acute exercise.

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Title: Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: C. H. Joo
R. Allan
B. Drust
G. L. Close
T. S. Jeong
J. D. Bartlett
C. Mawhinney
J. Louhelainen
J. P. Morton
Warren Gregson
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 11-12/2016
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3480-1

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Results

Conclusions

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