Top

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Published in:

01-01-2020 | Obesity | Original Article

The relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift work: findings from the Atlantic PATH Cohort Study

Authors: Ellen Sweeney, Zhijie Michael Yu, Trevor J. B. Dummer, Yunsong Cui, Vanessa DeClercq, Cynthia Forbes, Scott A. Grandy, Melanie Keats, Louise Parker, Anil Adisesh

Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift workers compared to non-shift workers.

Methods

A population health study was conducted with 4155 shift workers and 8258 non-shift workers from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) cohort. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the differences in anthropometric measures (body adiposity) and self-reported cardiometabolic disease outcomes (obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) between shift workers and non-shift workers.

Results

There was a significant increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes among shift workers compared to matched controls despite higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behaviour. Shift workers were 17% more likely to be obese (95% CI 7–27) and 27% more likely to have diabetes (95% CI 8–51). The strength of this association was demonstrated by also controlling for body mass index and fat mass index.

Conclusions

Shift work is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes despite higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behaviour. The association between shift work and cardiometabolic health was independent of body mass index for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and independent of fat mass index for diabetes.

Available only for authorised users

Antunes LC, Levandovski R, Dantas G, Caumo W, Hidalgo MP (2010) Obesity and shift work: chronobiological aspects. Nutr Res Rev 23(1):155–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422410000016 CrossRef

Asare-Anane H, Abdul-Latif A, Kwaku Ofori E, Abdul-Rahman M, Amanquah S (2015) Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease among workers in cocoa company. Tema. BMC Res Notes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1750-3 CrossRef

Axelsson J, Puttonen S (2012) Night shift work increases the risk for type 2 diabetes. Evidence-Based Med 17(6):193–194. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2012-100649 CrossRef

Boivin DB, Boudreau P (2014) Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms. Pathol Biol 62(5):292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2014.08.001 CrossRef

Brum MCB, Filho FFD, Schnorr CC, Bottega GB, Rodrigues TC (2015) Shift work and its association with metabolic disorders. Diabetol Metabolic Syndrome 7:45CrossRef

Buchvold H, Pallesen S, Waage S, Bjorvatn B (2018) Shift work schedule and night work load: effects on body mass index—a 4-year longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health 44(3):251–257CrossRef

Canada CAREX (2015) Nova Scotia carcinogenic exposures. CAREX Canada, Burnaby, British Columbia

Cole TJ, Fewtrell MS, Prentice A (2008) The fallacy of using percentage body fat as a measure of adiposity. Am J Clin Nutr 87(6):1959CrossRef

Depner C, Stothard E, Wright K Jr (2014) Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders. Curr Diab Rep 14:507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0507-z CrossRef

Di Lorenzo L, De Pergola G, Zocchetti C, L’Abbate N, Basso A, Pannacciulli N et al (2003) Effect of shift work on body mass index: results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a southern Italian industry. Int J Obes Relat Metabolic Disord J Int Assoc Study Obes 27(11):1353–1358. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802419 CrossRef

Dummer TJB, Awadalla P, Boileau C, Craig C, Fortier I, Goel V et al (2018) The Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow Project: a pan-Canadian platform for chronic disease prevention research. CMAJ 190(23):E710–E717CrossRef

Eurofound (2016) Sixth European working conditions survey—overview report. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

Frost P, Kolstad HA, Bonde JP (2009) Shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease—a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scand J Work Environ Health 35(3):163. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1319 CrossRef

Gan Y, Yang C, Tong X, Sun H, Cong Y, Yin X et al (2015) Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Occup Environ Med 72(1):72–78. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102150 CrossRef

Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR et al. (2005) Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112(17):2735. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404 CrossRef

Gu F, Han J, Laden F, Pan A, Caporaso NE, Stampfer M et al (2015) Total and cause-specific mortality of US nurses working rotating night shifts. Am J Prevent Med 48(3):241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.10.018 CrossRef

Haus E, Reinberg A, Mauvieux B, Le Floch N, Sackett-Lundeen L, Touitou Y (2016) Risk of obesity in male shift workers: a chronophysiological approach. Chronobiol Int 33(8):1018–1036. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2016.1167079 CrossRef

Iliodromiti S, Celis-Morales C, Lyall D, Anderson J, Gray S, MacKay D et al (2018) The impact of confounding on the associations of different adiposity measures with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 296,535 adults of white European descent. Eur Heart J 39:1514–1520CrossRef

Institute of Health and Work (2010) The prevalence of shift work in Canada. https://www.iwh.on.ca/shift-work-symposium/demers. Accessed 12 Dec 2016

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (2016) IPAQ scoring protocol. https://sites.google.com/site/theipaq/scoring-protoco. Accessed 29 Sept 2016

Itani O, Kaneita Y, Murata A, Yokoyama E, Ohida T (2011) Association of onset of obesity with sleep duration and shift work among Japanese adults. Sleep Med 12(4):341–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.007 CrossRef

Karlsson B, Alfredsson L, Knutsson A, Andersson E, Torén K (2005) Total mortality and cause-specific mortality of Swedish shift- and dayworkers in the pulp and paper industry in 1952–2001. Scand J Work Environ Health 31(1):30CrossRef

Kecklund G, Axelsson J (2016) Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep. BMJ 3:55. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5210 CrossRef

Kim MJ, Son KH, Park HY, Choi DJ, Yoon CH, Lee HY et al (2013) Association between shift work and obesity among female nurses: Korean nurses’ survey. BMC Public Health 13:1204–2458. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1204 CrossRef

Loef B, van Baarle D, van der Beek AJ, van Kerkhof LW, van de Langenberg D, Proper KI (2016) Klokwerk + study protocol: an observational study to the effects of night-shift work on body weight and infection susceptibility and the mechanisms underlying these health effects. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3317-1 CrossRef

Mohammadifard N, Nazem M, Sarrafzadegan N, Nouri F, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Alikhasi H (2013) Body mass index, waist-circumference and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Iranian adults: Isfahan healthy heart program. J Health Popul Nutr 31(3):388–397CrossRef

Morikawa Y, Nakagawa H, Miura K, Soyama Y, Ishizaki M, Kido T et al (2007) Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters. Scand J Work Environ Health 33(1):45–50CrossRef

National Toxicology Program (2016) Shift work at night, artificial light at night, and circadian disruption workshop. Office of the Report on Carcinogens, Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Services, US Department of Health and Human Services

Neil-Sztramko SE, Gotay CC, Demers PA, Campbell KL (2016) Physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition of Canadian shift workers: data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2. J Occup Environ Med 58(1):94–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000574 CrossRef

Ortega F, Sui X, Lavie C, Blair S (2016) Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a gold-standard measure of total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality? Mayo Clin Proc 91(4):443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.008 CrossRef

Ostry A, Radi S, Louie A, LaMontagne A (2006) Psychosocial and other working conditions in relation to body mass index in a representative sample of Australian workers. BMC Public Health 6:53CrossRef

Pan A, Schernhammer ES, Sun Q, Hu FB (2011) Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med 8(12):e1001141. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001141 CrossRef

Pimenta AM, Kac G, Souza RR, Ferreira LM, Silqueira SM (2011) Night-shift work and cardiovascular risk among employees of a public university. Rev Assoc Med Bras 58(2):168CrossRef

Public Health Agency of Canada (2017) Diabetes in Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa

Puttonen S, Härmä M, Hublin C (2010) Shift work and cardiovascular disease—pathways from circadian stress to morbidity. Scand J Work Environ Health 36(2):96. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2894 CrossRef

Qian J, Scheer F (2016) Circadian system and glucose metabolism: implications for physiology and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 27(5):282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.005 CrossRef

Schutz Y, Kyle UUG, Pichard C (2002) Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in caucasians aged 18–98 years. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802037 CrossRef

Shariat A, Tamrin SB, Daneshjoo A, Sadeghi H (2015) The adverse health effects of shift work in relation to risk of illness/disease: a review. Acta Med Bulg 42(1):63–72CrossRef

Shields M (2002) Shift work and health. Health Rep 13(4):11–33

Smith P, Fritschi L, Reid A, Mustard C (2013) The relationship between shift work and body mass index among Canadian nurses. Appl Nurs Res ANR 26(1):24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2012.10.001 CrossRef

Suwazono Y, Dochi M, Sakata K, Okubo Y, Oishi M, Tanaka K et al (2008) A longitudinal study on the effect of shift work on weight gain in male Japanese workers. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 16(8):1887–1893. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.298 CrossRef

Sweeney E, Cui Y, DeClercq V, Devichand P, Forbes C, Grandy S et al. (2017) Cohort profile: the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (Atlantic PATH) study. Int J Epidemiol 46(6):1762–1763CrossRef

Tanaka K, Sakata K, Oishi M, Morimoto H, Nakada S, Uetani M et al (2010) Estimation of the benchmark duration of shiftwork associated with weight gain in male Japanese workers. Chronobiol Int 27(9–10):1895CrossRef

Torquati L, Mielke GI, Brown WJ, Kolbe-Alexander T (2018) Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose–response relationship. Scand J Work Environ Health 44(3):229. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3700 CrossRef

van Drongelen A, Boot C, Merkus S, Smid T, van der Beek A (2011) The effects of shift work on body weight change—a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Scand J Work Environ Health 37(4):263. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3143 CrossRef

Vetter C, Devore EE, Wegrzyn LR, Massa J, Speizer FE, Kawachi I et al (2016) Association between rotating night shift work and risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA 315(16):1726–1734. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4454 CrossRef

Vetter C, Dashti H, Lane J, Anderson S, Schernhammer E, Rutter M et al (2018) Night shift work, genetic risk, and type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank diabetes care. Diabetes Care 41:762. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1933 CrossRef

Vogel M, Braungardt T, Meyer W, Schneider W (2012) The effects of shift work on physical and mental health. J Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria: 1996) 119(10):1121–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-012-0800-4 CrossRef

Vyas M, Garg A, Viansavichus A, Costella J, Donner A, Laugsand L et al (2012) Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 345:e4800CrossRef

Wang XS, Travis RC, Reeves G, Green J, Allen NE, Key TJ et al (2012) Characteristics of the Million Women Study participants who have and have not worked at night. Scand J Work Environ Health 38(6):590–599. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3313 CrossRef

Wyse C, Morales C, Graham N, Yu F, Ward J, Curtis A et al. (2017) Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK Biobank. Ann Med 49(5):411–420CrossRef

Yu ZM, Parker L, Dummer TJB (2014) Depressive symptoms, diet quality, physical activity, and body composition among populations in Nova Scotia, Canada: report from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health. Prev Med 61:106CrossRef

Title: The relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift work: findings from the Atlantic PATH Cohort Study
Authors: Ellen Sweeney
Zhijie Michael Yu
Trevor J. B. Dummer
Yunsong Cui
Vanessa DeClercq
Cynthia Forbes
Scott A. Grandy
Melanie Keats
Louise Parker
Anil Adisesh
Publication date: 01-01-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Published in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-019-01459-8

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

The relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift work: findings from the Atlantic PATH Cohort Study

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

The impact of different approaches to exposure assessment on understanding non-malignant respiratory disease risk in taconite miners

Discomfort glare and psychological stress during computer work: subjective responses and associations between neck pain and trapezius muscle blood flow

Occupational lifting predicts hospital admission due to low back pain in a cohort of airport baggage handlers

Is the effect of work-related psychosocial exposure on depressive and anxiety disorders short-term, lagged or cumulative?

Letter to the editor

Answer to the letter to the editor