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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

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01-12-2020 | Miscellaneous

Sex judgment using color fundus parameters in elementary school students

Authors: Saki Noma, Takehiro Yamashita, Ryo Asaoka, Hiroto Terasaki, Naoya Yoshihara, Naoko Kakiuchi, Taiji Sakamoto

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 12/2020

Abstract

Purposes

Recently, artificial intelligence has been used to determine sex using fundus photographs alone. We had earlier reported that sex can be distinguished using known factors obtained from color fundus photography (CFP) in adult eyes. However, it is not clear when the sex difference in fundus parameters begins. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate sex determination based on fundus parameters using binominal logistic regression in elementary school students.

Methods

This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 right eyes of elementary school students (aged 8 or 9 years, 59 boys and 60 girls). Through CFP, the tessellation fundus index was calculated as R/(R + G + B) using the mean value of red-green-blue intensity in the eight locations around the optic disc. Optic disc ovality ratio, papillomacular angle, retinal artery trajectory, and retinal vessel were quantified based on our earlier reports. Regularized binomial logistic regression was applied to these variables to select the decisive factors. Furthermore, its discriminative performance was evaluated using the leave-one-out cross-validation method. Sex difference in the parameters was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

The optimal model yielded by the Ridge binomial logistic regression suggested that the ovality ratio of girls was significantly smaller, whereas their nasal green and blue intensities were significantly higher, than those of boys. Using this approach, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 63.2%.

Conclusions

Although sex can be distinguished using CFP even in elementary school students, the discrimination accuracy was relatively low. Some sex difference in the ocular fundus may begin after the age of 10 years.

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Title: Sex judgment using color fundus parameters in elementary school students
Authors: Saki Noma
Takehiro Yamashita
Ryo Asaoka
Hiroto Terasaki
Naoya Yoshihara
Naoko Kakiuchi
Taiji Sakamoto
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 12/2020
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04969-1

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Sex judgment using color fundus parameters in elementary school students

Abstract

Purposes

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purposes

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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