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Open Access 01-10-2020 | Intense Pulsed Light | Basic Science

Protective effect of the extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine in a porcine organ culture

Authors: Teresa Tsai, Ana M. Mueller-Buehl, Yathavan Satgunarajah, Sandra Kuehn, H. Burkhard Dick, Stephanie C. Joachim

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 10/2020

Abstract

Purpose

Hypoxic damage to the retina is a relevant component of neurodegenerative pathologies such as glaucoma or retinal ischemia. In porcine retina organ cultures, hypoxic damage can be induced by applying cobalt chloride (CoCl₂). The aim of our study was to investigate possible neuroprotective effects of the extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine in this hypoxia-damaged retina model.

Methods

To simulate hypoxia, porcine retina organ cultures were damaged with 300 μM CoCl₂ for 48 h starting on day 1 (n = 8–9/group). In order to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of ectoine and hydroxyectoine, 0.5 mM of each extremolyte was added to the culture at the same time as the stressor and for the same duration. On day 8, the retina organ cultures were taken for (immuno)-histochemical examinations. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), macroglia, and apoptotic and hypoxic cells were detected with appropriate markers followed by cell counts and group comparisons.

Results

Treatment with ectoine resulted in RGC protection (p < 0.05) and reduced rate of apoptosis (p < 0.001) in hypoxia-treated retina organ cultures. However, the macroglia area and the amount of hypoxic, HIF-1α⁺ cells were unaffected by the ectoine treatment (p = 0.99). Treatment with hydroxyectoine also protected RGCs (p < 0.01) by inhibiting apoptosis (p < 0.001). In addition, the number of hypoxic, HIF-1α⁺ cells could be significantly reduced by treatment with hydroxyectoine (p < 0.05). The macroglia area on the other hand was unchanged after CoCl₂ and treatment with hydroxyectoine.

Conclusion

Both extremolytes had a protective effect on CoCl₂-induced hypoxia in the porcine retina organ culture. Regarding the reduction of hypoxic stress, hydroxyectoine appears to be more effective. Thus, both extremolytes represent an interesting potential new therapeutic approach for patients with ocular diseases in which hypoxic processes play a significant role.

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Title: Protective effect of the extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine in a porcine organ culture
Authors: Teresa Tsai
Ana M. Mueller-Buehl
Yathavan Satgunarajah
Sandra Kuehn
H. Burkhard Dick
Stephanie C. Joachim
Publication date: 01-10-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Intense Pulsed Light
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 10/2020
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04854-x

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Protective effect of the extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine in a porcine organ culture

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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