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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 11/2012

01-11-2012 | Retinal Disorders

Tempol protects against intravitreous indocyanine green-induced retinal damage in rats

Authors: Sebastian Thaler, Bogomil Voykov, Gabriel Willmann, Michal Fiedorowicz, Robert Rejdak, Florian Gekeler, C. Albrecht May, Andreas Schatz, Frank Schuettauf

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 11/2012

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Abstract

Purpose

Indocyanine green (ICG) has been widely used as a vital dye for macular surgery. However, ICG can be toxic to retinal cells. Here we evaluate whether tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a free radical scavenger, can protect against ICG-induced retinal damage in rats.

Methods

Brown Norway rats received intravitreal injections of ICG 0.5 % or BSS as controls. Tempol (20 mg/kg BW) or PBS as a control was administered intraperitoneally 24 h and 30 min before ICG and once daily for 7 consecutive days. Tempol was detected in the retina using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. One week after ICG injections, the effects of tempol on retinal toxicity were assessed by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) back-labeling and by light microscopy. Electroretinography (ERG) was performed after 1 and 2 weeks.

Results

ICG administration reduced RGC numbers by 17 % (1,943 ± 45 vs. 2,342 ± 31 RGCs/mm2). Tempol treatment rescued RGCs in a significant manner (2,258 ± 36, p < 0.01) and diminished morphological changes detected by light microscopy. ICG-injected eyes showed a significant reduction of ERG potentials only in PBS-treated animals (Vmax 530 ± 145 µV vs. 779 ± 179 µV, p = 0.0052), but not in the tempol-treated group.

Conclusions

Tempol significantly attenuates ICG-induced toxicity in rat retinas and may therefore be considered for further evaluation as accompanying treatment in ICG-assisted chromovitrectomy.
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Metadata
Title
Tempol protects against intravitreous indocyanine green-induced retinal damage in rats
Authors
Sebastian Thaler
Bogomil Voykov
Gabriel Willmann
Michal Fiedorowicz
Robert Rejdak
Florian Gekeler
C. Albrecht May
Andreas Schatz
Frank Schuettauf
Publication date
01-11-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 11/2012
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2000-1

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