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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Published in:

01-06-2009 | Editorial

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and glaucomatous optic disc cupping

Author: Sohan Singh Hayreh

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 6/2009

Excerpt

In 1925 [1], Szymansky and Wladyczko postulated that low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) might play a role in the development of optic disc cupping, and their concept has been resurrected periodically ever since [2‐5]. The basic premise is that in raised CSFP, the lamina cribrosa bows forward to cause optic disc edema, while a fall in CSFP would cause the reverse, i.e., a bowing back of the lamina cribrosa and cupping. To assess the scientific rationale behind this notion, one has to consider the following fundamental relevant issues. …

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Yablonski M, Ritch R, Pokorny KS (1979) Effect of decreased intracranial pressure on optic disc. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18(suppl):165

Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L (2003) Anatomic relationship between lamina cribrosa, intraocular space, and cerebrospinal fluid space. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:5189–5195. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0174 PubMedCrossRef

Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L (2004) Lamina cribrosa thickness and spatial relationships between intraocular space and cerebrospinal fluid space in highly myopic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:2660–2665. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1363 PubMedCrossRef

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Hayreh SS (1965) Pathogenesis of oedema of the optic disc (papilloedema) [PhD thesis]. London University, London, England

Hayreh SS (1964) Pathogenesis of oedema of the optic disc (papilloedema): a preliminary report. Br J Ophthalmol 48:522–543. doi:10.1136/bjo.48.10.522 PubMedCrossRef

Hayreh SS (1968) Pathogenesis of oedema of the optic disc. Doc Ophthalmol 24:289–411. doi:10.1007/BF02550944 PubMedCrossRef

Tso MO, Hayreh SS (1977) Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. III. A pathologic study of experimental papilledema. Arch Ophthalmol 95:1448–1457PubMed

10.

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11.

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12.

Hayreh SS, Vrabec F (1966) The structure of the head of the optic nerve in rhesus monkey. Am J Ophthalmol 61:136–150PubMed

13.

Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE (1971) Histology of the human eye. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 561–565

14.

Levy NS, Crapps EE (1984) Displacement of optic nerve head in response to short-term intraocular pressure elevation in human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 102:782–786PubMed

15.

Yan DB, Coloma FM, Metheetrairut A, Trope GE, Heathcote JG, Ethier CR (1994) Deformation of the lamina cribrosa by elevated intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 78:643–648. doi:10.1136/bjo.78.8.643 PubMedCrossRef

16.

Coleman AL, Quigley HA, Vitale S, Dunkelberger G (1991) Displacement of the optic nerve head by acute changes in intraocular pressure in monkey eyes. Ophthalmology 98:35–40PubMed

17.

Burgoyne CF, Quigley HA, Thompson HW, Vitale S, Varma R (1995) Measurement of optic disc compliance by digitized image analysis in the normal monkey eye. Ophthalmology 102:1790–1799PubMed

18.

Heickell AG, Bellezza AJ, Thompson HW, Burgoyne CF (2001) Optic disc surface compliance testing using confocal scanning laser tomography in the normal monkey eye. J Glaucoma 10:369–382. doi:10.1097/00061198-200110000-00002 PubMedCrossRef

19.

Burgoyne CF, Quigley HA, Varma R (1995) Comparison of clinician judgment with digitized image analysis in the detection of induced optic disk change in monkey eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 120:176–183PubMed

20.

Hayreh SS (1978) Fluids in the anterior part of the optic nerve in health and disease. Surv Ophthalmol 23:1–25. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(78)90194-7 PubMedCrossRef

21.

Hayreh SS (1974) Pathogenesis of cupping of the optic disc. Br J Ophthalmol 58:863–876. doi:10.1136/bjo.58.10.863 PubMedCrossRef

22.

Hayreh SS, Jonas JB (2001) Optic disc morphology after arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 108:1586–1594. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00649-2 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Hayreh SS (2001) The blood supply of the optic nerve head and the evaluation of it - myth and reality. Prog Retin Eye Res 20:563–593. doi:10.1016/S1350-9462(01)00004-0 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Hayreh SS, Revie IH, Edwards J (1970) Vasogenic origin of visual field defects and optic nerve changes in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 54:461–472. doi:10.1136/bjo.54.7.461 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Hayreh SS (1999) The role of age and cardiovascular disease in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Surv Ophthalmol 43(Suppl 1):S27–S42. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00018-1 PubMedCrossRef

26.

Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP, Orzalesi N, Krieglstein GK, Serra LM, Renard JP, Stefansson E (2002) The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 21:359–393. doi:10.1016/S1350-9462(02)00008-3 PubMedCrossRef

27.

Hayreh SS (1974) Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. II. Fundus on ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. Br J Ophthalmol 58:964–980. doi:10.1136/bjo.58.12.964 PubMedCrossRef

28.

Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B (1998) Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Am J Ophthalmol 125:509–520. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(99)80192-5 PubMedCrossRef

29.

Hayreh SS, Pe’er J, Zimmerman MB (1999) Morphologic changes in chronic high-pressure experimental glaucoma in rhesus monkeys. J Glaucoma 8:56–71. doi:10.1097/00061198-199902000-00012 PubMedCrossRef

30.

Henkind P, Charles NC, Pearson J (1970) Histopathology of ischemic optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 69:78–90PubMed

31.

Hinzpeter EN, Naumann G (1976) Ischemic papilledema in giant-cell arteritis. Mucopolysaccharide deposition with normal intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 94:624–628PubMed

32.

Hayreh SS, Baines JA (1972) Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. III. Effects on the optic nerve head. Br J Ophthalmol 56:754–764. doi:10.1136/bjo.56.10.754

Title: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and glaucomatous optic disc cupping
Author: Sohan Singh Hayreh
Publication date: 01-06-2009
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 6/2009
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0984-3

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