Top

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Published in:

01-12-2008 | Retinal Disorders

Assessment of selected adhesion molecule and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the vitreous body of patients with type 2 diabetes — role of the inflammatory–immune process in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Authors: Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek, Jolanta Oficjalska-Młyńczak

Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Issue 12/2008

Abstract

Background

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the participation of the inflammatory-immune process in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods

Twenty four women and 22 men with type 2 diabetes (mean age 63.97 ± 9.00 years, mean duration of diabetes 12.56 ± 6.87 years) were enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of soluble forms of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 as well as IL-6 and TNF-α were evaluated in all study subjects. In 19 patients, simultaneous assessment of selected parameter levels in both serum and vitreous samples was performed. Vitrectomy was performed due to intravitreal hemorrhage, accompanied in some patients by traction retinal detachment. The control group consisted of 15 patients having undergone vitrectomy for reasons other than PDR. Tests were performed using the ELISA method.

Results

Serum and intraocular concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, IL-6, TNF-α were considerably higher in study subjects with PDR than in controls. Simultaneously, a positive correlation was found between intraocular sVCAM-1 (r = 0.590, p = 0.007), TNF-α (r = 0.822, p < 0.001) concentrations and HbA₁c levels. The above-mentioned dependence was not shown for sICAM-1 and IL-6 vitreous concentration. Local vitreous VCAM-1 level increase was also dependent on vitreous TNF-α concentration growth (r = 0.470, p = 0.043). No significant correlation was found between serum and vitreous levels of the selected parameters in the group of 19 patients with PDR.

Conclusions

Increase in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels, as well as their correlation with high vitreous IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in patients with PDR, seem to confirm the inflammatory–immune nature of this process. In diabetes, inadequate metabolic control remains an important risk factor in the development of PDR.

Abiko T, Abiko A, Clermont AC (2003) Characterization of retinal leukostasis and hemodynamics in insulin resistance and diabetes. Diabetes 52:829–837PubMedCrossRef

Adamis AP (2002) Is diabetic retinopathy an inflammatory disease? Br J Ophthalmol 86:363–365PubMedCrossRef

Barouch FC, Miyamoto K, Allport JR, Fujita K, Bursell SE, Aiello LP et al (2000) Integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion and retinal leukostasis in diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(5):1153–1158PubMed

Doganay S, Evereklioglu C, Er H, Turkoz Y, Sevinc A, Mehmet N et al (2002) Comparison of serum NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, sIl-2R, IL-6 and IL-8 levels with grades of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eye 16:163–170PubMedCrossRef

Hernandez C, Burgos R, Canton A, Garcia-Arumi J, Segura RM, Simo R (2001) Vitreous levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study. Diabetes Care 24(3):516–521PubMedCrossRef

Matsumoto K, Sera Y, Ueki Y, Inukai G, Niiro E, Miyake S (2002) Comparison of serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules in diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Diabet Med 19(10):822–826PubMedCrossRef

Olson JA, Whitelaw CM, McHardy KC, Pearson DWM, Forrester JV (2002) Soluble leucocyte adhesion molecules in diabetic retinopathy stimulate retinal capillary endothelial cell migration. Diabetologia 40:1166–1171CrossRef

Adamiec J, Oficjalska-Młyńczak J (2005) The role of cellular adhesion molecule in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica 107(4–6):330–333PubMed

Kao PC, Wu TJ, Ho LL, Li XJ (2000) Current trends and new approaches in the management of diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Lab Sci 30:339–345PubMed

10.

Meleth AD, Agrón E, Chang CC, Reed GF, Arora K, Byrnes G, Csaky KG, Ferris FL, Chew EY (2005) Serum inflammatory markers in diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:4295–4301PubMedCrossRef

11.

Limb GA, Chignell AH, Green W, LeRoy F, Dumonde DC (1996) Distribution of TNF alpha and its reactive vascular adhesion molecules in fibrovascular membranes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 80(2):168–173PubMedCrossRef

12.

Van Seventer GA, Shimizu Y, Horgan KJ, Shaws S (1990) the LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1 provides an important costimulatory signal for T-cell receptor-mediated activation of resting T cells. J Immunol 144:4579–4586PubMed

13.

Altmann DM, Hogg N, Trowsdale J, Wilkinson D (1989) Cotransfection of ICAM-1 and HLA-DE reconstitutes human antigen-presenting cell function in mouse L cells. Nature 338:512–514PubMedCrossRef

14.

Dougherty GJ, Murdoch S, Hogg N (1988) The function of human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the generation of an immune response. Eur J Immunol 18:35–39PubMedCrossRef

15.

Cukiernik M, Hileeto D, Evans T, Mukherjee S, Downey D, Chakrabarti S (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetes induced early retinal abnormalities. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 65(3):197–208PubMedCrossRef

16.

Eastern and Southern European Region (2000) Recommendations for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Central. Int Journ Postgraduate Train Med 8

17.

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ (2003) Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 42(6):1206–1252PubMedCrossRef

18.

Schalkwijk CG, Chaturvedi N, Twaafhoven H, Van Hinsbergh VW, Stehouwer CD (2002) Amadori-albumin correlates with microvascular complications and precedes nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 32:500–506PubMedCrossRef

19.

Schram MT, Chaturvedi N, Schalkwijk C, Giorgino F, Ebeling P, Fuller JH et al (2003) Vascular risk factors and markers of endothelial function as determinants of inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2165–2173PubMedCrossRef

20.

Monaco C, Paleolog E (2004) Nuclear factor κB: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 61:671–682PubMedCrossRef

21.

Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA (2005) Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus: the role of endothelial dysfunction. Clin Sci 109:143–159PubMedCrossRef

22.

American Diabetes Association (2004) Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 27(Suppl.1)

23.

Bagg W, Ferri C, Desideri G, Gamble G, Ockelford P, Braatvedt GD (2001) The influences of obesity and glycemic control on endothelial activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:5491–5497PubMedCrossRef

24.

Klein R, Klein BEK (2002) Blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 86:365–367PubMedCrossRef

25.

Zhang LY, Krzentowski GA, Lefebvre PJ (2001) Risk developing retinopathy in diabetes control and complications trial type 1 diabetic patients with good and poor metabolic control. Diabetes Care 23:1275–1279CrossRef

26.

Freyberger H, Brocker M, Yakut H, Hammer J, Effert R, Schifferdecker E (2002) Increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 108:106–109CrossRef

27.

Matz R (2000) The target for good glycemic control should be an HbA₁c concentrations of less than 0.07. West J Med 173:179–180PubMedCrossRef

28.

Őzmen B, Boyvada S (2003) The relationship between self-monitoring of blood glucose control and glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 5:186–192

29.

Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA et al (2000) Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35). BMJ 321:405–412PubMedCrossRef

30.

Van Leiden HA, Dekker JJ, Moll AC, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM et al (2002) Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with retinopathy. Diabetes Care 25:1320–1325PubMedCrossRef

31.

Stratton IM, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, Turner RC, Holmann RR, Manley SE et al (2001) UKPDS 50: risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in type II diabetes over 6 years from diagnosis. Diabetologia 44:156–163PubMedCrossRef

Title: Assessment of selected adhesion molecule and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the vitreous body of patients with type 2 diabetes — role of the inflammatory–immune process in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek
Jolanta Oficjalska-Młyńczak
Publication date: 01-12-2008
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Issue 12/2008
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0868-6

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Assessment of selected adhesion molecule and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the vitreous body of patients with type 2 diabetes — role of the inflammatory–immune process in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 12/2008

The effect of aqueous and vitreous glucose on eye refraction. Refractive properties of the healthy human eye during acute hyperglycemia

Intravitreal bevacizumab for refractory choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to uveitis

Is gaze-dependent tonometry a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy?

Accommodative function in school children with reading difficulties

Electrodiagnosis of retinal diseases

Exacerbation of central serous chorioretinopathy following intravitreal triamcinolone injection