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01-11-2019 | Blepharospasm | Original Communication

Motor and non-motor symptoms in blepharospasm: clinical and pathophysiological implications

Authors: Gina Ferrazzano, Isabella Berardelli, Antonella Conte, Viola Baione, Cristina Concolato, Daniele Belvisi, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Defazio, Alfredo Berardelli

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 11/2019

Abstract

Introduction

Patients with blepharospasm in addition to involuntary contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle also have non-motor symptoms (psychiatric, sleep, cognitive, and ocular). In this paper, we investigated the relationship of non-motor with motor symptoms and the total burden of non-motor symptoms in patients with blepharospasm. Results were compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Methods

We enrolled 60 patients with blepharospasm and 40 age-matched healthy controls. In all patients, the severity of blepharospasm was assessed clinically with the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale. All the participants underwent a psychiatric, sleep, cognitive, and ocular symptom evaluation. We investigated the correlations between motor, non-motor symptoms, and patients’ clinical and demographic features.

Results

The frequency of psychiatric, sleep, and cognitive disorders and ocular symptoms was higher in blepharospasm patients than in healthy controls. Non-motor symptoms coexisted in the majority of patients and there was no correlation between non-motor and motor symptoms. The total burden of non-motor symptoms did not associate with motor symptoms and demographic features in blepharospasm.

Conclusions

Non-motor symptoms are independent of motor features and likely belong to the clinical spectrum of blepharospasm. The presence of non-motor symptoms possibly reflects a complex network disorder of blepharospasm.

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Title: Motor and non-motor symptoms in blepharospasm: clinical and pathophysiological implications
Authors: Gina Ferrazzano
Isabella Berardelli
Antonella Conte
Viola Baione
Cristina Concolato
Daniele Belvisi
Giovanni Fabbrini
Giovanni Defazio
Alfredo Berardelli
Publication date: 01-11-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Blepharospasm
Blepharospasm
Dystonia
Affective Disorder
Affective Disorder
Published in: Journal of Neurology / Issue 11/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09484-w

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Motor and non-motor symptoms in blepharospasm: clinical and pathophysiological implications

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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