Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Legal Medicine 4/2019

01-07-2019 | Autopsy | Method Paper

Post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: cytology and immunocytochemistry method suitable for routine use to interpret pathological processes in the central nervous system

Authors: Simone Bohnert, Benjamin Ondruschka, Michael Bohnert, Michael K. Schuhmann, Camelia-Maria Monoranu

Published in: International Journal of Legal Medicine | Issue 4/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Due to its protected anatomical location, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a very stable fluid which undergoes comparatively little change in the early post-mortem phase. While many immunohistochemical markers already established for clinical diagnostic issues in tissue samples obtained by biopsy could meanwhile be translated also to post-mortem tissue, no systematic immunocytochemical investigations have generally been conducted on post-mortem body fluids and for CSF specifically, have not been established at all. CSF as the fluid directly surrounding the brain should also be examined to allow a more detailed characterization of processes in the central nervous system. Comparing traumatized tissue and CSF can complete forensic assessment and complement neuropathological evaluation.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Friedrich G (1986) Forensische postmortale Biochemie. In: Forster B (ed) Praxis der Rechtsmedizin. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 789–831 Friedrich G (1986) Forensische postmortale Biochemie. In: Forster B (ed) Praxis der Rechtsmedizin. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 789–831
2.
go back to reference Kernbach G, Brinkmann B (1983) Postmortale Pathochemie für die Feststellung der Todesursache "Coma diabeticum". Pathologe 4:235–240PubMed Kernbach G, Brinkmann B (1983) Postmortale Pathochemie für die Feststellung der Todesursache "Coma diabeticum". Pathologe 4:235–240PubMed
3.
go back to reference Palmiere C, Mangin P (2012) Postmortem chemistry update part II. Int J Legal Med 126:199–215CrossRef Palmiere C, Mangin P (2012) Postmortem chemistry update part II. Int J Legal Med 126:199–215CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Trautz F, Dressler J, Stassart R, Muller W, Ondruschka B (2018) Proposals for best-quality immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded brain tissue slides in forensics. Int J Legal Med 132(4):1103–1109CrossRef Trautz F, Dressler J, Stassart R, Muller W, Ondruschka B (2018) Proposals for best-quality immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded brain tissue slides in forensics. Int J Legal Med 132(4):1103–1109CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Wyler D, Marty W, Bär W (1994) Correlation between the post-mortem cell content of cerebrospinal fluid and time of death. Int J Legal Med 106:194–199CrossRef Wyler D, Marty W, Bär W (1994) Correlation between the post-mortem cell content of cerebrospinal fluid and time of death. Int J Legal Med 106:194–199CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Swain R, Kumar A, Sahoo J, Lakshmy R, Gupta S, Bhardwaj D, Pandey R (2015) Estimation of post-mortem interval: a comparison between cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour chemistry. J Forensic Legal Med 36:144–148CrossRef Swain R, Kumar A, Sahoo J, Lakshmy R, Gupta S, Bhardwaj D, Pandey R (2015) Estimation of post-mortem interval: a comparison between cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour chemistry. J Forensic Legal Med 36:144–148CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Mangin P, Lugnier A-A, Chaumont A-J, Offner M, Grucker M (1993) Forensic significance of postmortem estimation of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability. Forensic Sci Int 22:143–149CrossRef Mangin P, Lugnier A-A, Chaumont A-J, Offner M, Grucker M (1993) Forensic significance of postmortem estimation of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability. Forensic Sci Int 22:143–149CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Hausmann R, Betz P (2000) The time course of the vascular response to human brain injury- an immunohistochemical study. Int J Legal Med 113:288–292CrossRef Hausmann R, Betz P (2000) The time course of the vascular response to human brain injury- an immunohistochemical study. Int J Legal Med 113:288–292CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Hausmann R, Betz P (2001) Course of glial immunoreactivity for vimentin, tenascin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin after traumatic injury to human brain. Int J Legal Med 114:338–342CrossRef Hausmann R, Betz P (2001) Course of glial immunoreactivity for vimentin, tenascin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin after traumatic injury to human brain. Int J Legal Med 114:338–342CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Oehmichen M, Walter T, Meissner C, Friedrich H (2003) Time course of cortical hemorrhages after closed traumatic brain injury: statistical analysis of posttraumatic histomorphological alterations. J Neurotrauma 20:87–103CrossRef Oehmichen M, Walter T, Meissner C, Friedrich H (2003) Time course of cortical hemorrhages after closed traumatic brain injury: statistical analysis of posttraumatic histomorphological alterations. J Neurotrauma 20:87–103CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Dreßler J, Hanisch U, Kuhlisch E, Geiger K (2007) Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 121:365–375CrossRef Dreßler J, Hanisch U, Kuhlisch E, Geiger K (2007) Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 121:365–375CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Krohn M, Dreßler J, Bauer M, Schober K, Franke H, Ondruschka B (2015) Immunohistochemical investigation of S100 and NSE in cases of traumatic brain injury and its application for survival time determination. J Neurotrauma 32:430–440CrossRef Krohn M, Dreßler J, Bauer M, Schober K, Franke H, Ondruschka B (2015) Immunohistochemical investigation of S100 and NSE in cases of traumatic brain injury and its application for survival time determination. J Neurotrauma 32:430–440CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ondruschka B, Schuch S, Pohlers D, Franke H, Dreßler J (2018) Acute phase response after fatal traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 132:531–539CrossRef Ondruschka B, Schuch S, Pohlers D, Franke H, Dreßler J (2018) Acute phase response after fatal traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 132:531–539CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Bayer R, Franke H, Ficker C, Richter M, Lessig R, Büttner A, Weber M (2015) Alterations of neuronal precursor cells in stages of human adult neurogenesis in heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend 156:139–149CrossRef Bayer R, Franke H, Ficker C, Richter M, Lessig R, Büttner A, Weber M (2015) Alterations of neuronal precursor cells in stages of human adult neurogenesis in heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend 156:139–149CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Büttner A (2011) The neuropathology of drug abuse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37:118–134CrossRef Büttner A (2011) The neuropathology of drug abuse. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37:118–134CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Weber M, Scherf N, Kahl T, Braumann U, Scheibe P, Kuska J, Bayer R, Büttner A, Franke H (2013) Quantitative analysis of astrogliosis in drug-dependent humans. Brain Res 1500:72–87CrossRef Weber M, Scherf N, Kahl T, Braumann U, Scheibe P, Kuska J, Bayer R, Büttner A, Franke H (2013) Quantitative analysis of astrogliosis in drug-dependent humans. Brain Res 1500:72–87CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Weis S, Büttner A (2017) Neurotoxicology and drug-related disorders. Handb Clin Neurol 145:181–192 Weis S, Büttner A (2017) Neurotoxicology and drug-related disorders. Handb Clin Neurol 145:181–192
18.
go back to reference Jones K, Krous H, Nadeau J, Blackbourne B, Zielke H, Gozal D (2003) Vascular endothelial growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome: evidence for antecedent hypoxia. Pediatrics 111:358–363CrossRef Jones K, Krous H, Nadeau J, Blackbourne B, Zielke H, Gozal D (2003) Vascular endothelial growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome: evidence for antecedent hypoxia. Pediatrics 111:358–363CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Quan L, Ishikawa T, Hara J, Michiue T, Chen J-H, Wang Q, Zhu B, Maeda H (2011) Postmortem serotonin levels in cerebrospinal and pericardial fluids with regard to the cause of death in medicolegal autopsy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 13:75–78CrossRef Quan L, Ishikawa T, Hara J, Michiue T, Chen J-H, Wang Q, Zhu B, Maeda H (2011) Postmortem serotonin levels in cerebrospinal and pericardial fluids with regard to the cause of death in medicolegal autopsy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 13:75–78CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Rognum I, Tran H, Haas E, Hyland K, Paterson D, Haynes R, Broadbelt K, Harty B, Mena O, Krous H, Kinney H (2014) Serotonin metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid in sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 73:115–122CrossRef Rognum I, Tran H, Haas E, Hyland K, Paterson D, Haynes R, Broadbelt K, Harty B, Mena O, Krous H, Kinney H (2014) Serotonin metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid in sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 73:115–122CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Agoston DV, Shutes-David A, Peskind E (2017) Biofluid biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 31:1195–1203CrossRef Agoston DV, Shutes-David A, Peskind E (2017) Biofluid biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 31:1195–1203CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Olczak M, Niderla-Bielinska J, Kwiatkowska M, Samojlowicz D, Tarka S, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T (2017) Tau protein (MAPT) as a possible biochemical marker of traumatic brain injury in pstmortem examination. Forensic Sci Int 280:1–7CrossRef Olczak M, Niderla-Bielinska J, Kwiatkowska M, Samojlowicz D, Tarka S, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T (2017) Tau protein (MAPT) as a possible biochemical marker of traumatic brain injury in pstmortem examination. Forensic Sci Int 280:1–7CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ondruschka B, Sieber M, Kirsten H, Franke H, Dreßler J (2018) Measurement of cerebral biomarkers proving traumatic brain injury in post-mortem body fluids. Neurotrauma 17:2044–2055CrossRef Ondruschka B, Sieber M, Kirsten H, Franke H, Dreßler J (2018) Measurement of cerebral biomarkers proving traumatic brain injury in post-mortem body fluids. Neurotrauma 17:2044–2055CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Sieber M, Dreßler J, Franke H, Pohlers D, Oehmichen M (2018) Post-mortem biochemistry of NSE and S100B: a supplemental tool for detecting a lethal traumatic brain injury. J Forensic Legal Med 55:65–73CrossRef Sieber M, Dreßler J, Franke H, Pohlers D, Oehmichen M (2018) Post-mortem biochemistry of NSE and S100B: a supplemental tool for detecting a lethal traumatic brain injury. J Forensic Legal Med 55:65–73CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Ondruschka B, Pohlers D, Somemr G, Schober J, Teupser D, Franke H, Dreßler J (2013) S100B and NSE as useful postmortem biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in autopsy cases. J Neurotrauma 30:1862–1871CrossRef Ondruschka B, Pohlers D, Somemr G, Schober J, Teupser D, Franke H, Dreßler J (2013) S100B and NSE as useful postmortem biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in autopsy cases. J Neurotrauma 30:1862–1871CrossRef
28.
29.
go back to reference Hanrieder J, Wetterhall M, Enblad P, Hillered L, Bergquist J (2009) Temporally resolved differential proteomic analysis of human ventricular CSF monitoring traumatic brain injury biomarker candidates. J Neurosci Methods 177:469–478CrossRef Hanrieder J, Wetterhall M, Enblad P, Hillered L, Bergquist J (2009) Temporally resolved differential proteomic analysis of human ventricular CSF monitoring traumatic brain injury biomarker candidates. J Neurosci Methods 177:469–478CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Hausmann R, Betz P (2002) The course of MIB-1 expression by cerebral macrophages following human brain injury. Leg Med (Tokyo) 4:79–83CrossRef Hausmann R, Betz P (2002) The course of MIB-1 expression by cerebral macrophages following human brain injury. Leg Med (Tokyo) 4:79–83CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Garland J, Philox W, Kesha K, Morrow P, Lam L, Spark A, Palmiere C, Elstub H, Cala A, Stables S, Tse R (2018) Differences in sampling site on the postmortem cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry: a preliminary study. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 39:304–308PubMed Garland J, Philox W, Kesha K, Morrow P, Lam L, Spark A, Palmiere C, Elstub H, Cala A, Stables S, Tse R (2018) Differences in sampling site on the postmortem cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry: a preliminary study. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 39:304–308PubMed
Metadata
Title
Post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: cytology and immunocytochemistry method suitable for routine use to interpret pathological processes in the central nervous system
Authors
Simone Bohnert
Benjamin Ondruschka
Michael Bohnert
Michael K. Schuhmann
Camelia-Maria Monoranu
Publication date
01-07-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
International Journal of Legal Medicine / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0937-9827
Electronic ISSN: 1437-1596
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02050-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

International Journal of Legal Medicine 4/2019 Go to the issue