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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1/2012

01-06-2012 | Original Paper

Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder: a report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry

Authors: Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Siegfried Kasper, Ole Andreassen, Pierre Blier, Ahmed Okasha, Emanuel Severus, Marcio Versiani, Rajiv Tandon, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Eduard Vieta

Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience | Special Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

The current statement is a systematic review of the available data concerning the efficacy of medication treatment of bipolar disorder (BP). A systematic MEDLINE search was made concerning the treatment of BP (RCTs) with the names of treatment options as keywords. The search was updated on 10 March 2012. The literature suggests that lithium, first and second generation antipsychotics and valproate and carbamazepine are efficacious in the treatment of acute mania. Quetiapine and the olanzapine–fluoxetine combination are also efficacious for treating bipolar depression. Antidepressants should only be used in combination with an antimanic agent, because they can induce switching to mania/hypomania/mixed states/rapid cycling when utilized as monotherapy. Lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine and aripiprazole are efficacious during the maintenance phase. Lamotrigine is efficacious in the prevention of depression, and it remains to be clarified whether it is also efficacious for mania. There is some evidence on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions as an adjunctive treatment to medication. Electroconvulsive therapy is an option for refractory patients. In acute manic patients who are partial responders to lithium/valproate/carbamazepine, adding an antipsychotic is a reasonable choice. The combination with best data in acute bipolar depression is lithium plus lamotrigine. Patients stabilized on combination treatment might do worse if shifted to monotherapy during maintenance, and patients could benefit with add-on treatment with olanzapine, valproate, an antidepressant, or lamotrigine, depending on the index acute phase. A variety of treatment options for BP are available today, but still unmet needs are huge. Combination therapy may improve the treatment outcome but it also carries more side-effect burden. Further research is necessary as well as the development of better guidelines and algorithms for the step-by-step rational treatment.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder: a report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry
Authors
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis
Siegfried Kasper
Ole Andreassen
Pierre Blier
Ahmed Okasha
Emanuel Severus
Marcio Versiani
Rajiv Tandon
Hans-Jürgen Möller
Eduard Vieta
Publication date
01-06-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience / Issue Special Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0940-1334
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8491
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0323-x