Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 3/2017

01-03-2017 | Review Article

Will the mininvasive approach challenge the old paradigms in oral cancer surgery?

Authors: G. Tirelli, S. Zacchigna, F. Boscolo Nata, E. Quatela, R. Di Lenarda, M. Piovesana

Published in: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

In the genome era, the achievement of a safe and complete resection of oral cancers remains a challenge for surgeons. Margin length at histopathological examination is still considered the main indicator of oncological radicality. However, this parameter is fraught by major limitations. Cancer aggressiveness, and in particular its ability to spread in the surrounding tissue, most probably influences loco-regional control and prognosis more than margin length. Unfortunately, no molecular markers are currently available to predict tumor aggressiveness pre-operatively. However, additional histopathological parameters, beside margin length, could be considered to better stratify oral tumors, including depth of invasion (DOI), perineural invasion or composite scores. Recent advances in laser technology have established a novel surgical trend toward a minimalist approach, named transoral laser microsurgery (TLM). TLM provides a local control rate comparable to the one achieved by larger resections if the margin appears disease free, independent from its length. In addition, the clinical availability of innovative optical technologies, such as narrow band imaging (NBI) or autofluorescence, allows more precise and tailored resections, not simply based on clinical observation and ruler measurement. This review will propose the possible implementation of novel procedures toward a mini-invasive surgical approach, providing a satisfactory control rate but significantly improving the quality of life of the patients compared to conventional surgery.
Literature
1.
Meier JD, Oliver DA, Varvares MA (2005) Surgical margin determination in head and neck oncology: current clinical practice. The results of an International American Head and Neck Society Member Survey. Head Neck 27(11):952–958PubMedCrossRef
2.
Slootweg PJ et al (2002) Treatment failure and margin status in head and neck cancer. A critical view on the potential value of molecular pathology. Oral Oncol 38(5):500–503PubMedCrossRef
3.
Al-Rajhi N et al (2000) Early stage carcinoma of oral tongue: prognostic factors for local control and survival. Oral Oncol 36(6):508–514PubMedCrossRef
4.
Brandwein-Gensler M et al (2005) Oral squamous cell carcinoma: histologic risk assessment, but not margin status, is strongly predictive of local disease-free and overall survival. Am J Surg Pathol 29(2):167–178PubMedCrossRef
5.
Jerjes W et al (2010) Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Head Neck Oncol 2:9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Binmadi NO, Basile JR (2011) Perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a discussion of significance and review of the literature. Oral Oncol 47(11):1005–1010PubMedCrossRef
7.
Steiner W (1994) Therapy of hypopharyngeal cancer. Part III: the concept of minimally invasive therapy of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract with special reference to hypopharyngeal cancer and trans-oral laser microsurgery. HNO 42(2):104–112PubMed
8.
Hinni ML, Zarka MA, Hoxworth JM (2013) Margin mapping in transoral surgery for head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 123(5):1190–1198PubMedCrossRef
9.
Strong MS, Jako GJ (1972) Laser surgery in the larynx. Early clinical experience with continuous CO2 laser. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 81(6):791–798PubMedCrossRef
10.
Lingen MW et al (2008) Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the detection of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 44(1):10–22PubMedCrossRef
11.
Munoz Guerra MF et al (2003) Marginal and segmental mandibulectomy in patients with oral cancer: a statistical analysis of 106 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61(11):1289–1296PubMedCrossRef
12.
Weinberg RA (2013) The biology of cancer. Taylor and Francis Group, New York
13.
Viet CT, Schmidt BL (2010) Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck 32(9):1246–1268PubMedCrossRef
14.
Boscolo-Rizzo P et al (2015) Telomere shortening in mucosa surrounding the tumor: biosensor of field cancerization and prognostic marker of mucosal failure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 51(5):500–507PubMedCrossRef
15.
16.
Woolgar JA, Triantafyllou A (2005) A histopathological appraisal of surgical margins in oral and oropharyngeal cancer resection specimens. Oral Oncol 41(10):1034–1043PubMedCrossRef
17.
Binahmed A, Nason RW, Abdoh AA (2007) The clinical significance of the positive surgical margin in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 43(8):780–784PubMedCrossRef
18.
Wong LS et al (2012) Influence of close resection margins on local recurrence and disease-specific survival in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50(2):102–108PubMedCrossRef
19.
Dillon JK et al (2015) How does the close surgical margin impact recurrence and survival when treating oral squamous cell carcinoma? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 73(6):1182–1188PubMedCrossRef
20.
Anderson CR, Sisson K, Moncrieff M (2015) A meta-analysis of margin size and local recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 51(5):464–469PubMedCrossRef
21.
Varvares MA et al (2015) Surgical margins and primary site resection in achieving local control in oral cancer resections. Laryngoscope 125(10):2298–2307PubMedCrossRef
22.
Looser KG, Shah JP, Strong EW (1978) The significance of “positive” margins in surgically resected epidermoid carcinomas. Head Neck Surg 1(2):107–111PubMedCrossRef
23.
Loree TR, Strong EW (1990) Significance of positive margins in oral cavity squamous carcinoma. Am J Surg 160(4):410–414PubMedCrossRef
24.
Spiro RH et al (1999) Pattern of invasion and margin assessment in patients with oral tongue cancer. Head Neck 21(5):408–413PubMedCrossRef
25.
McMahon J et al (2003) Influence of condition of surgical margins on local recurrence and disease-specific survival in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41(4):224–231PubMedCrossRef
26.
Sieczka E et al (2001) Cancer of the buccal mucosa: are margins and T-stage accurate predictors of local control? Am J Otolaryngol 22(6):395–399PubMedCrossRef
27.
Shim SJ et al (2010) Clinical outcomes for T1-2N0-1 oral tongue cancer patients underwent surgery with and without postoperative radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 5:43PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Barry CP et al (2013) De-escalation of surgery for early oral cancer—is it oncologically safe? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51(1):30–36PubMedCrossRef
29.
Alicandri-Ciufelli M et al (2013) Surgical margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: what is ‘close’? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270(10):2603–2609PubMedCrossRef
30.
Vered M et al (2010) Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: recurrent disease is associated with histopathologic risk score and young age. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 136(7):1039–1048PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zelefsky MJ et al (1990) Postoperative radiotherapy for oral cavity cancers: impact of anatomic subsite on treatment outcome. Head Neck 12(6):470–475PubMedCrossRef
32.
Weijers M et al (2004) The status of the deep surgical margins in tongue and floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma and risk of local recurrence; an analysis of 68 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33(2):146–149PubMedCrossRef
33.
Gokavarapu S et al (2014) Close margins in oral cancers: implication of close margin status in recurrence and survival of pT1N0 and pT2N0 oral cancers. Int J Surg Oncol 2014:545372PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Nason RW et al (2009) What is the adequate margin of surgical resection in oral cancer? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107(5):625–629PubMedCrossRef
35.
Dixit S et al (1998) Surgery versus surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a comparative study. Ann Surg Oncol 5(6):502–510PubMedCrossRef
36.
Liao CT et al (2008) Analysis of risk factors of predictive local tumor control in oral cavity cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 15(3):915–922PubMedCrossRef
37.
van Es RJ et al (1996) Resection margin as a predictor of recurrence at the primary site for T1 and T2 oral cancers. Evaluation of histopathologic variables. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122(5):521–525PubMedCrossRef
38.
Dik EA et al (2014) Resection of early oral squamous cell carcinoma with positive or close margins: relevance of adjuvant treatment in relation to local recurrence: margins of 3 mm as safe as 5 mm. Oral Oncol 50(6):611–615PubMedCrossRef
39.
Ampil FL et al (2003) Postoperative radiotherapy for insecure or positive surgical margins in head and neck cancer. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61(4):425–429PubMedCrossRef
40.
Sutton DN et al (2003) The prognostic implications of the surgical margin in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32(1):30–34PubMedCrossRef
41.
Patel RS et al (2010) Impact of positive frozen section microscopic tumor cut-through revised to negative on oral carcinoma control and survival rates. Head Neck 32(11):1444–1451PubMedCrossRef
42.
Kovacs AF (2004) Relevance of positive margins in case of adjuvant therapy of oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33(5):447–453PubMedCrossRef
43.
Kurita H et al (2010) Impact of different surgical margin conditions on local recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 46(11):814–817PubMedCrossRef
44.
Woolgar JA, Triantafyllou A (2009) Pitfalls and procedures in the histopathological diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a review of the role of pathology in prognosis. Oral Oncol 45(4–5):361–385PubMedCrossRef
45.
Jakobsson PA et al (1973) Histologic classification and grading of malignancy in carcinoma of the larynx. Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol 12(1):1–8PubMedCrossRef
46.
Anneroth G, Batsakis J, Luna M (1987) Review of the literature and a recommended system of malignancy grading in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Scand J Dent Res 95(3):229–249PubMed
47.
Bryne M et al (1989) New malignancy grading is a better prognostic indicator than Broders’ grading in oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 18(8):432–437PubMedCrossRef
48.
Anneroth G, Hansen LS (1984) A methodologic study of histologic classification and grading of malignancy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Scand J Dent Res 92(5):448–468PubMed
49.
Bryne M et al (1992) Malignancy grading of the deep invasive margins of oral squamous cell carcinomas has high prognostic value. J Pathol 166(4):375–381PubMedCrossRef
50.
Groome PA et al (2001) A comparison of published head and neck stage groupings in carcinomas of the oral cavity. Head Neck 23(8):613–624PubMedCrossRef
51.
Kreppel M et al (2011) Prognostic impact of different TNM-based stage groupings for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 33(10):1467–1475PubMedCrossRef
52.
International Consortium for Outcome Research (ICOR) in Head and Neck Cancer, Ebrahimi A, Gil Z et al (2014) Primary tumor staging for oral cancer and a proposed modification incorporating depth of invasion: an international multicenter retrospective study. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 140(12):1138–1148CrossRef
53.
Almangush A et al (2014) Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of invasion: prognostic indicators in early-stage oral tongue cancer. Head Neck 36(6):811–818PubMedCrossRef
54.
Ganly I et al (2013) Long-term regional control and survival in patients with “low-risk,” early stage oral tongue cancer managed by partial glossectomy and neck dissection without postoperative radiation: the importance of tumor thickness. Cancer 119(6):1168–1176PubMedCrossRef
55.
Ling W, Mijiti A, Moming A (2013) Survival pattern and prognostic factors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a retrospective analysis of 210 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 71(4):775–785PubMedCrossRef
56.
Clark JR et al (2006) Established prognostic variables in N0 oral carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135(5):748–753PubMedCrossRef
57.
O-charoenrat P et al (2003) Tumour thickness predicts cervical nodal metastases and survival in early oral tongue cancer. Oral Oncol 39(4):386–390PubMedCrossRef
58.
Rahima B et al (2004) Prognostic significance of perineural invasion in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 97(4):423–431PubMedCrossRef
59.
Woolgar JA (2006) Histopathological prognosticators in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 42(3):229–239PubMedCrossRef
60.
Woolgar JA, Scott J (1995) Prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue/floor of mouth. Head Neck 17(6):463–472PubMedCrossRef
61.
Tadbir AA, Ashraf MJ, Sardari Y (2009) Prognostic significance of stromal eosinophilic infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg 20(2):287–289PubMedCrossRef
62.
Li Y et al (2013) Validation of the risk model: high-risk classification and tumor pattern of invasion predict outcome for patients with low-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 7(3):211–223PubMedCrossRef
63.
Brandwein-Gensler M et al (2010) Validation of the histologic risk model in a new cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 34(5):676–688PubMed
64.
Upile T et al (2007) The uncertainty of the surgical margin in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 43(4):321–326PubMedCrossRef
65.
Cheng A, Cox D, Schmidt BL (2008) Oral squamous cell carcinoma margin discrepancy after resection and pathologic processing. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 66(3):523–529PubMedCrossRef
66.
Batsakis JG (1999) Surgical excision margins: a pathologist’s perspective. Adv Anat Pathol 6(3):140–148PubMedCrossRef
67.
Boonstra H et al (1983) Cervical tissue shrinkage by formaldehyde fixation, paraffin wax embedding, section cutting and mounting. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 402(2):195–201PubMedCrossRef
68.
69.
Goldstein NS, Soman A, Sacksner J (1999) Disparate surgical margin lengths of colorectal resection specimens between in vivo and in vitro measurements. The effects of surgical resection and formalin fixation on organ shrinkage. Am J Clin Pathol 111(3):349–351PubMedCrossRef
70.
Lindboe CF (2011) Lymph node harvest in colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens: the impact of improved fixation and examination procedures. APMIS 119(6):347–355PubMedCrossRef
71.
Mistry RC, Qureshi SS, Kumaran C (2005) Post-resection mucosal margin shrinkage in oral cancer: quantification and significance. J Surg Oncol 91(2):131–133PubMedCrossRef
72.
El-Fol HA et al (2015) Significance of post-resection tissue shrinkage on surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 43(4):475–482PubMedCrossRef
73.
Woolgar JA et al (1999) Survival and patterns of recurrence in 200 oral cancer patients treated by radical surgery and neck dissection. Oral Oncol 35(3):257–265PubMedCrossRef
74.
Parsons JT, Cassisi NJ, Million RR (1984) Results of twice-a-day irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10(11):2041–2051PubMedCrossRef
75.
Kreppel M et al (2013) The role of clinical versus histopathological staging in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by radical surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 41(1):22–27PubMedCrossRef
76.
Leong AS, Gilham PN (1989) The effects of progressive formaldehyde fixation on the preservation of tissue antigens. Pathology 21(4):266–268PubMedCrossRef
77.
Hsu PK et al (2007) Effect of formalin fixation on tumor size determination in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 84(6):1825–1829PubMedCrossRef
78.
Chen CH et al (2012) Shrinkage of head and neck cancer specimens after formalin fixation. J Chin Med Assoc 75(3):109–113PubMedCrossRef
79.
Vent J et al (2014) Influence of formalin fixation on tissue dimensions in palatal tonsils. Pathol Res Pract 210(1):59–61PubMedCrossRef
80.
Brotherston D et al (2015) Tumor shrinkage associated with whole-mount histopathologic techniques in oral tongue carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 211(5):398–403PubMedCrossRef
81.
Dahele M et al (2008) Developing a methodology for three-dimensional correlation of PET-CT images and whole-mount histopathology in non-small-cell lung cancer. Curr Oncol 15(5):62–69PubMedPubMedCentral
82.
Guillem JG et al (2007) A prospective pathologic analysis using whole-mount sections of rectal cancer following preoperative combined modality therapy: implications for sphincter preservation. Ann Surg 245(1):88–93PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
83.
Hinni ML et al (2013) Surgical margins in head and neck cancer: a contemporary review. Head Neck 35(9):1362–1370PubMedCrossRef
84.
85.
Gil Z, Fliss DM (2009) Contemporary management of head and neck cancers. Isr Med Assoc J 11(5):296–300PubMed
86.
Calabrese L et al (2013) From wide excision to a compartmental approach in tongue tumors: what is going on? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 21(2):112–117PubMedCrossRef
87.
Calabrese L et al (2011) Compartmental tongue surgery: long term oncologic results in the treatment of tongue cancer. Oral Oncol 47(3):174–179PubMedCrossRef
88.
Steiner W (1993) Results of curative laser microsurgery of laryngeal carcinomas. Am J Otolaryngol 14(2):116–121PubMedCrossRef
89.
Haughey BH et al (2011) Transoral laser microsurgery as primary treatment for advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer: a United States multicenter study. Head Neck 33(12):1683–1694PubMedCrossRef
90.
Sinha P et al (2014) Transoral laser microsurgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma: oncologic outcomes and prognostic factors. Head Neck 36(3):340–351PubMedCrossRef
91.
Sinha P et al (2015) Histologic and systemic prognosticators for local control and survival in margin-negative transoral laser microsurgery treated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 37(1):52–63PubMedCrossRef
92.
Rich JT, Liu J, Haughey BH (2011) Swallowing function after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) ± adjuvant therapy for advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancer. Laryngoscope 121(11):2381–2390PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
93.
O’Hara J et al (2015) Transoral laser microsurgery ± adjuvant therapy versus chemoradiotherapy for stage III and IVA oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: preliminary comparison of early swallowing outcomes. Head Neck 37(10):1488–1494PubMedCrossRef
94.
Tateya I et al (2016) Transoral surgery for laryngo-pharyngeal cancer—the paradigm shift of the head and cancer treatment. Auris Nasus Larynx 43(1):21–32PubMedCrossRef
95.
Eckel HE et al (1995) Transoral laser resection with staged discontinuous neck dissection for oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 105(1):53–60PubMedCrossRef
96.
Jerjes W et al (2011) Prospective evaluation of outcome after transoral CO(2) laser resection of T1/T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 112(2):180–187PubMedCrossRef
97.
Canis M et al (2014) Enoral laser microsurgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Head Neck 36(6):787–794PubMedCrossRef
98.
Goldstein DP et al (2013) Outcomes of squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue managed at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Head Neck 35(5):632–641PubMedCrossRef
99.
Hicks WL Jr et al (1997) Squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of mouth: a 20-year review. Head Neck 19(5):400–405PubMedCrossRef
100.
Spiro RH, Spiro JD, Strong EW (1986) Surgical approach to squamous carcinoma confined to the tongue and the floor of the mouth. Head Neck Surg 9(1):27–31PubMedCrossRef
101.
Kroll SS et al (1996) Choice of flap and incidence of free flap success. Plast Reconstr Surg 98(3):459–463PubMedCrossRef
102.
Marchetta FC, Sako K, Murphy JB (1971) The periosteum of the mandible and intraoral carcinoma. Am J Surg 122(6):711–713PubMedCrossRef
103.
104.
Slootweg PJ, Muller H (1989) Mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 17(2):69–74PubMedCrossRef
105.
Chen YL et al (2011) Prognostic impact of marginal mandibulectomy in the presence of superficial bone invasion and the nononcologic outcome. Head Neck 33(5):708–713PubMedCrossRef
106.
Wong RJ et al (2000) Histological pattern of mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 110(1):65–72PubMedCrossRef
107.
Brown J (2003) Mechanisms of cancer invasion of the mandible. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 11(2):96–102PubMedCrossRef
108.
Bolzoni A et al (2004) Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of mandibular involvement in oral-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130(7):837–843PubMedCrossRef
109.
Hakim SG et al (2014) Imaging of mandible invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma using computed tomography, cone-beam computed tomography and bone scintigraphy with SPECT. Clin Oral Investig 18(3):961–967PubMedCrossRef
110.
Momin MA et al (2009) Diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam CT in the assessment of mandibular invasion of lower gingival carcinoma: comparison with conventional panoramic radiography. Eur J Radiol 72(1):75–81PubMedCrossRef
111.
Mukherji SK et al (2001) CT detection of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177(1):237–243PubMedCrossRef
112.
Imaizumi A et al (2006) A potential pitfall of MR imaging for assessing mandibular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27(1):114–122PubMed
113.
Van Cann EM et al (2008) Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for the assessment of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 44(12):1147–1154PubMedCrossRef
114.
Babin E et al (2008) PET/CT for assessing mandibular invasion by intraoral squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Otolaryngol 33(1):47–51PubMedCrossRef
115.
Gu DH et al (2010) CT, MR (18)F-FDG PET/CT, and their combined use for the assessment of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Acta Radiol 51(10):1111–1119PubMedCrossRef
116.
Pandey M, Rao LP, Das SR (2009) Predictors of mandibular involvement in cancers of the oromandibular region. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(5):1069–1073PubMedCrossRef
117.
Brown JS, Lewis-Jones H (2001) Evidence for imaging the mandible in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39(6):411–418PubMedCrossRef
118.
Lin YC et al (2012) Value of narrow band imaging endoscopy in early mucosal head and neck cancer. Head Neck 34(11):1574–1579PubMedCrossRef
119.
Lee M et al (2011) Construct optimization for studying protein complexes: obtaining diffraction-quality crystals of the pseudosymmetric PSPC1-NONO heterodimer. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 67(Pt 11):981–987PubMedCrossRef
120.
Jerjes W et al (2010) In vitro examination of suspicious oral lesions using optical coherence tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48(1):18–25PubMedCrossRef
121.
Hamdoon Z et al (2015) Optical coherence tomography in the assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma resection margins. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 13:211–217PubMedCrossRef
122.
Poh CF et al (2006) Fluorescence visualization detection of field alterations in tumor margins of oral cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 12(22):6716–6722PubMedCrossRef
123.
124.
Piazza C et al (2016) The diagnostic value of narrow band imaging in different oral and oropharyngeal subsites. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267(3):413–420
125.
Piazza C et al (2010) Narrow band imaging and high definition television in the assessment of laryngeal cancer: a prospective study on 279 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267(3):409–414PubMedCrossRef
126.
Vu AN, Farah CS (2014) Efficacy of narrow band imaging for detection and surveillance of potentially malignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity and oropharynx: a systematic review. Oral Oncol 50(5):413–420PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zhang L et al (2005) Toluidine blue staining identifies high-risk primary oral premalignant lesions with poor outcome. Cancer Res 65(17):8017–8021PubMed
128.
Chhabra N, Chhabra S, Sapra N (2015) Diagnostic modalities for squamous cell carcinoma: an extensive review of literature-considering toluidine blue as a useful adjunct. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 14(2):188–200PubMedCrossRef
129.
Petruzzi M et al (2010) Use of Lugol’s iodine in oral cancer diagnosis: an overview. Oral Oncol 46(11):811–813PubMedCrossRef
130.
Nguyen P et al (2013) High specificity of combined narrow band imaging and autofluorescence mucosal assessment of patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 35(5):619–625PubMedCrossRef
131.
Takano JH et al (2010) Detecting early oral cancer: narrowband imaging system observation of the oral mucosa microvasculature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39(3):208–213PubMedCrossRef
132.
Yang SW et al (2012) Use of endoscopy with narrow-band imaging system in evaluating oral leukoplakia. Head Neck 34(7):1015–1022PubMedCrossRef
133.
Yang SW et al (2013) Light sources used in evaluating oral leukoplakia: broadband white light versus narrowband imaging. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 42(6):693–701PubMedCrossRef
134.
Tirelli G, Piovesana M et al (2015) Narrow band imaging in the intra-operative definition of resection margins in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 51(10):908–913PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Will the mininvasive approach challenge the old paradigms in oral cancer surgery?
Authors
G. Tirelli
S. Zacchigna
F. Boscolo Nata
E. Quatela
R. Di Lenarda
M. Piovesana
Publication date
01-03-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0937-4477
Electronic ISSN: 1434-4726
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4221-0

Other articles of this Issue 3/2017

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 3/2017 Go to the issue

Laryngology

Evaluation of an asymmetric anterior glottic web in an excised canine larynx model

Letter to the Editor

Reply to the letter to the editor concerning: ‘Inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty in the treatment of dry central perforated chronic otitis media as an effective and time-saving procedure’ by Haksever et al.

Laryngology

Characteristics of cigarette smoking without alcohol consumption and laryngeal cancer: overall and time-risk relation. A meta-analysis of observational studies

Review Article

The impact of dizziness on quality-of-life in the elderly

Rhinology

Endoscopic closure of large septal perforations with bilateral Hadad–Bassagasteguy flaps

Laryngology

Laser tracheobronchoplasty: a novel technique for the treatment of symptomatic tracheobronchomalacia