Top

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Published in:

01-02-2012 | Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Fetal sex and differential survival in preeclampsia and eclampsia

Authors: Muktar H. Aliyu, Hamisu M. Salihu, O’Neil Lynch, Amina P. Alio, Phillip J. Marty

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 2/2012

Abstract

Purpose

We investigate sex differences in the incidence of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and perinatal mortality among singletons born to mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of a population-based sample of singleton births covering the period 1989 through 2005 (n = 56,313).

Results

The study population comprised 26,931 female (47.8%) and 29,382 male infants (52.2%; referent group). Overall, the prevalence of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and perinatal mortality were 0.68, 0.52 and 1.2%, respectively. There was no sex difference in the incidence of stillbirth, neonatal or perinatal mortality among offspring of mothers in this study.

Conclusion

Although there was a preponderance of male infants among mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia, we did not observe any sex-associated differences in fetal or neonatal survival among offspring of mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Sheiner E, Levy A, Katz M, Hershkovitz R, Leron E, Mazor M (2004) Gender does matter in perinatal medicine. Fetal Diagn Ther 19:366–369PubMedCrossRef

Naeye RL, Burt LS, Wright DL, Blanc WA, Tatter D (1971) Neonatal mortality, the male disadvantage. Pediatrics 48:902–906PubMed

Sheiner E, Levy A, Feinstein U, Hallak M, Mazor M (2002) Risk factors and outcome of failure to progress during the first stage of labor: a population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 81:222–226PubMed

Feinstein U, Sheiner E, Levy A, Hallak M, Mazor M (2002) Risk factors for arrest of descent during the second stage of labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 77:7–14PubMedCrossRef

Hershkovitz R, Silberstein T, Sheiner E, Shoham-Vardi I, Holcberg G, Katz M, Mazor M (2001) Risk factors associated with true knots of the umbilical cord. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 98:36–39PubMedCrossRef

Blickstein I, Shoham-Schwartz Z, Lancet M (1987) Predisposing factors in the formation of true knots of the umbilical cord—analysis of morphometric and perinatal data. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 25:395–398PubMedCrossRef

Dawes NW, Dawes GS, Moulden M, Redman CW (1999) Fetal heart rate patterns in term labor vary with sex, gestational age, epidural analgesia, and fetal weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 180:181–187PubMedCrossRef

Sheiner E, Hadar A, Hallak M, Katz M, Mazor M, Shoham-Vardi I (2001) Clinical significance of fetal heart rate tracings during the second stage of labor. Obstet Gynecol 97:747–752PubMedCrossRef

Eogan MA, Geary MP, O’Connell MP, Keane DP (2003) Effect of fetal sex on labour and delivery: retrospective review. BMJ 326:137PubMedCrossRef

10.

McGregor JA, Leff M, Orleans M, Baron A (1992) Fetal gender differences in preterm birth: findings in a North American cohort. Am J Perinatol 9:43–48PubMedCrossRef

11.

Ingemarsson I (2003) Gender aspects of preterm birth. BJOG 110(Suppl 20):34–38PubMed

12.

Vatten LJ, Skjaerven R (2004) Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation. Early Hum Dev 76:47–54PubMedCrossRef

13.

Bekedam DJ, Engelsbel S, Mol BW, Buitendijk SE, e Bruin KM (2002) Male predominance in fetal distress during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:1605–1607PubMedCrossRef

14.

Ghidini A, Salafia CM (2005) Gender differences of placental dysfunction in severe prematurity. BJOG 112:140–144PubMedCrossRef

15.

Naeye RL, Demers LM (1987) Differing effects of fetal sex on pregnancy and its outcome. Am J Med Genet Suppl 3:67–74PubMedCrossRef

16.

Martin J, Curtin S, Saulnier M, Mousavi J (2003) Development of the matched multiple birth file. 1995–1998 matched multiple birth dataset. NCHS CD-ROM series 21, no. 13a. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville

17.

Hernández-Díaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S (2009) Risk of pre-eclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ 338:b2255PubMedCrossRef

18.

Kesmodel U, Wisborg K, Olsen SF, Henriksen TB, Secher NJ (2002) Moderate alcohol intake during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and death in the first year of life. Am J Epidemiol 155:305–312PubMedCrossRef

19.

Alexander GR, Cornely DA (1987) Prenatal care utilization: its measurement and relationship to pregnancy outcome. Am J Prev Med 3:243–253PubMed

20.

Clayton D, Hills M (1993) Statistical models in epidemiology. Oxford University Press, Oxford

21.

Zetterström K, Lindeberg SN, Haglund B, Hanson U (2008) The association of maternal chronic hypertension with perinatal death in male and female offspring: a record linkage study of 866,188 women. BJOG 115:1436–1442PubMedCrossRef

22.

Campbell DM, MacGillivray I, Carr-Hill R, Samphier M (1983) Fetal sex and pre-eclampsia in primigravidae. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 90:26–27PubMedCrossRef

23.

Clifton VL (2010) Review: sex and the human placenta: mediating differential strategies of fetal growth and survival. Placenta 24:S33–S39CrossRef

24.

James WH (1995) Sex ratios of offspring and the causes of placental pathology. Hum Reprod 10:1403–1406PubMed

25.

Stark MJ, Clifton VL, Wright IM (2009) Neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia exhibit sex-specific alterations in microvascular function. Pediatr Res 65:292–295PubMedCrossRef

26.

Mbah AK, Alio AP, Marty PJ, Bruder K, Whiteman VE, Salihu HM (2010) Pre-eclampsia in the first pregnancy and subsequent risk of stillbirth in black and white gravidas. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 149:165–169PubMedCrossRef

Title: Fetal sex and differential survival in preeclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Muktar H. Aliyu
Hamisu M. Salihu
O’Neil Lynch
Amina P. Alio
Phillip J. Marty
Publication date: 01-02-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 2/2012
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-1984-9

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Fetal sex and differential survival in preeclampsia and eclampsia

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2012

Effectiveness of high-dose progestin and long-term outcomes in young women with early-stage, well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterine endometrium

Weekly paclitaxel in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients: does this treatment still provide further advantages?

The management of stage III and IV endometriosis

Adjusted risk for trisomy 21 after the anomaly scan. How accurate is the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm?

Pregnancy outcomes by mode of delivery among breech births

Elevated progesterone in GnRH agonist down regulated in vitro fertilisation (IVFICSI) cycles reduces live birth rates but not embryo quality