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Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2/2005

01-08-2005 | Review

An update in recurrent spontaneous abortion

Authors: Manoj Kumar Pandey, Reena Rani, Suraksha Agrawal

Published in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Issue 2/2005

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Abstract

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to the 20th week of gestation. The etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion is often unclear and may be multifactorial, with much controversy regarding diagnosis and treatment. Reasonably accepted etiologic causes include, genetics, anatomical, endocrine, placental anomalies, hormonal problems, infection, smoking and alcohol consumption, exposure to environmental factors, psychological trauma and stressful life event, certain coagulation and immunoregulatory protein defects. Detection of an abnormality in any of these areas may result into specific therapeutic measures, with varying degrees of success. However, the majority of cases of RSA remains unexplained and is found to be associated with certain autoimmune (APA, ANA, ACA, ATA, AECA) and alloimmune (APCA, Ab2, MLR-Bf) antibodies that may play major role in the immunologic failure of pregnancy and may lead to abortion. Alteration in the expression of HLA-G molecules, T-helper-1 (Th-1) pattern of cytokines and natural killer (NK) cells activity may also induce abortion. Various forms of treatment like antithrombotic therapies such as aspirin and heparin, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes and vitamin D3 therapy are effective mode of treatment for unexplained cause of fetal loss in women with RSA.
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Metadata
Title
An update in recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors
Manoj Kumar Pandey
Reena Rani
Suraksha Agrawal
Publication date
01-08-2005
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Issue 2/2005
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-004-0706-y

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