Top

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery

Published in:

01-07-2014 | Orthopaedic Surgery

Translation and validation of the German version of the foot and ankle outcome score

Authors: C. J. A. van Bergen, I. N. Sierevelt, P. Hoogervorst, H. Waizy, C. N. van Dijk, C. Becher

Published in: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery | Issue 7/2014

Abstract

Purpose

Outcome assessment is critical in evaluating the efficacy of orthopaedic procedures. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a 42-item questionnaire divided into five subscales, which has been validated in several languages. Germany has no validated outcome score for general foot and ankle pathology. The aim of this study was to develop a German version of the FAOS and to investigate its psychometric properties.

Materials and methods

Forward and backward translation was executed according to official guidelines. The final version of the FAOS was investigated in 150 patients with various foot and ankle disorders. All patients completed the FAOS, Short Form-36, numeric rating scales for pain and disability, and the Hannover questionnaire. The FAOS was re-administered after 1 week. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, minimal detectable change, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects were analyzed.

Results

Test–retest reliability and internal consistency of each subscale were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.88–0.95; Cronbach’s α, 0.94–0.98). The minimal detectable changes of each subscale were 17.1–20.8 at the individual level and 2.0–2.4 at group level. There were moderate to strong correlations between FAOS subscales and physical outcomes and low to moderate correlations between FAOS subscales and mental outcomes. Floor and ceiling effects were not present.

Conclusion

The German version of the FAOS is a reliable and valid instrument for use in foot and ankle patients.

Available only for authorised users

Eechaute C, Vaes P, van Aerschot L, Asman S, Duquet W (2007) The clinimetric qualities of patient-assessed instruments for measuring chronic ankle instability: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:6PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Roos EM, Brandsson S, Karlsson J (2001) Validation of the foot and ankle outcome score for ankle ligament reconstruction. Foot Ankle Int 22:788–794PubMed

Negahban H, Mazaheri M, Salavati M, Sohani SM, Askari M, Fanian H, Parnianpour M (2010) Reliability and validity of the foot and ankle outcome score: a validation study from Iran. Clin Rheumatol 29:479–486PubMedCrossRef

Karatepe AG, Gunaydin R, Kaya T, Karlibas U, Ozbek G (2009) Validation of the Turkish version of the foot and ankle outcome score. Rheumatol Int 30:169–173PubMedCrossRef

http://www.koos.nu. 2014

Sierevelt IN, Beimers L, van Bergen CJ, Haverkamp D, Terwee CB, Kerkhoffs GM (2014) Validation of the Dutch language version of the foot and ankle outcome score. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (accepted)

Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, Erikson P (2005) Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health 8:94–104PubMedCrossRef

Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473–483PubMedCrossRef

Bullinger M (1995) German translation and psychometric testing of the SF-36 health survey: preliminary results from the IQOLA project. International quality of life assessment. Soc Sci Med 41:1359–1366PubMedCrossRef

10.

Thermann H, Hufner T, Schratt HE, Held C, Tscherne H (1999) Subtalar fusion after conservative or surgical treatment of calcaneus fracture. A comparison of long-term results. Unfallchirurg 102:13–22PubMedCrossRef

11.

Shrout PE, Fleiss JL (1979) Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 86:420–428PubMedCrossRef

12.

Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2007) Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60:34–42PubMedCrossRef

13.

Fleiss JL (1986) The design and analysis of clinical experiments. Wiley, New York

14.

Cronbach LJ, Warrington WG (1951) Time-limit tests: estimating their reliability and degree of speeding. Psychometrika 16:167–188PubMedCrossRef

15.

Bland JM, Altman DG (1997) Cronbach’s α. BMJ 314:572PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

16.

de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Ostelo RW, Beckerman H, Knol DL, Bouter LM (2006) Minimal changes in health status questionnaires: distinction between minimally detectable change and minimally important change. Health Qual Life Outcomes 4:54PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

17.

Martin RL, Irrgang JJ, Burdett RG, Conti SF, Van Swearingen JM (2005) Evidence of validity for the foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM). Foot Ankle Int 26:968–983PubMed

18.

Richter M, Zech S, Geerling J, Frink M, Knobloch K, Krettek C (2006) A new foot and ankle outcome score: questionnaire based, subjective, visual-analogue-scale, validated and computerized. Foot Ankle Surg 12:191–199CrossRef

19.

Stuber J, Zech S, Bay R, Qazzaz A, Richter M (2011) Normative data of the visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS FA) for pathological conditions. Foot Ankle Surg 17:166–172PubMedCrossRef

20.

Mazaheri M, Salavati M, Negahban H, Sohani SM, Taghizadeh F, Feizi A, Karimi A, Parnianpour M (2010) Reliability and validity of the Persian version of foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) to measure functional limitations in patients with foot and ankle disorders. Osteoarthr Cartil 18:755–759PubMedCrossRef

21.

Nauck T, Lohrer H (2011) Translation, cross-cultural adaption and validation of the German version of the foot and ankle ability measure for patients with chronic ankle instability. Br J Sports Med 45:785–790PubMedCrossRef

22.

Chen L, Lyman S, Do H, Karlsson J, Adam SP, Young E, Deland JT, Ellis SJ (2012) Validation of foot and ankle outcome score for hallux valgus. Foot Ankle Int 33:1145–1155PubMedCrossRef

23.

Mani SB, Brown HC, Nair P, Chen L, Do HT, Lyman S, Deland JT, Ellis SJ (2013) Validation of the foot and ankle outcome score in adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Int 34:1140–1146PubMedCrossRef

Title: Translation and validation of the German version of the foot and ankle outcome score
Authors: C. J. A. van Bergen
I. N. Sierevelt
P. Hoogervorst
H. Waizy
C. N. van Dijk
C. Becher
Publication date: 01-07-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery / Issue 7/2014
Print ISSN: 0936-8051
Electronic ISSN: 1434-3916
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-014-1994-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Translation and validation of the German version of the foot and ankle outcome score

Abstract

Purpose

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2014

Feasibility of arthroscopic 3-dimensional, purely autologous chondrocyte transplantation for chondral defects of the hip: a case series

Two cases of pisiform bone impingement syndrome after proximal row carpectomy

Risk factors for heterotopic ossification and spur formation after total knee arthroplasty

MRI does not detect acetabular osteolysis around metal-on-metal Birmingham THA

Re: Osteochondral transplantation for the treatment of osteochondral defects at the talus with the Diamond twin system® and graft harvesting from the posterior femoral condyles

Functional and patient-reported outcome of partial wrist denervation versus the Mannerfelt wrist arthrodesis in the rheumatoid wrist