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01-01-2019 | Topic Paper

Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer

Authors: Mario I. Fernández, Maurizio Brausi, Peter E. Clark, Michael S. Cookson, H. Barton Grossman, Makarand Khochikar, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Bernard Malavaud, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Mark S. Soloway, Robert S. Svatek, Raghunandan Vikram, Alina Vrieling, Ashish M. Kamat

Published in: World Journal of Urology | Issue 1/2019

Abstract

Purpose

To update current recommendations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of bladder cancer (BC) based on a thorough assessment of the most recent literature on these topics.

Methods

A non-systematic review was performed, including articles until June 2017. A variety of original articles, reviews, and editorials were selected according to their epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical relevance. Assessment of the level of evidence and grade of recommendations was performed according to the International Consultation on Urological Diseases grading system.

Results

BC is the ninth most common cancer worldwide with 430,000 new cases in 2012. Currently, approximately 165,000 people die from the disease annually. Absolute incidence and prevalence of BC are expected to rise significantly during the next decades because of population ageing. Tobacco smoking is still the main risk factor, accounting for about 50% of cases. Smoking cessation is, therefore, the most relevant recommendation in terms of prevention, as the risk of developing BC drops almost 40% within 5 years of cessation. BC screening is not recommended for the general population. BC diagnosis remains mainly based on cystoscopy, but development of new endoscopic and imaging technologies may rapidly change the diagnosis algorithm. The same applies for local, regional, and distant staging modalities.

Conclusions

A thorough understanding of epidemiology, risk factors, early detection strategies, diagnosis, and evaluation is essential for correct, evidence-based management of BC patients. Recent developments in endoscopic techniques and imaging raise the hope for providing better risk-adopted approaches and thereby improving clinical outcomes.

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Title: Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer
Authors: Mario I. Fernández
Maurizio Brausi
Peter E. Clark
Michael S. Cookson
H. Barton Grossman
Makarand Khochikar
Lambertus A. Kiemeney
Bernard Malavaud
Rafael Sanchez-Salas
Mark S. Soloway
Robert S. Svatek
Raghunandan Vikram
Alina Vrieling
Ashish M. Kamat
Publication date: 01-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: World Journal of Urology / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0724-4983
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2436-y

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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