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European Radiology
Published in: European Radiology 6/2019

01-06-2019 | Interventional

Incidence and endovascular treatment of severe spontaneous non-cerebral bleeding: a single-institution experience

Authors: Stavros Spiliopoulos, Georgios Festas, Antonios Theodosis, Konstantinos Palialexis, Lazaros Reppas, Chysostomos Konstantos, Elias Brountzos

Published in: European Radiology | Issue 6/2019

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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the incidence and endovascular treatment of severe spontaneous non-cerebral hemorrhage (SSNCH) in a high-volume, tertiary university hospital.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with SSNCH between January 2016 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Endovascular treatment (group EVT) was offered only in patients demonstrating active bleeding at CT angiography (CTA). In cases without active bleeding at CTA, conservative management was decided (group CM). Outcome measures included the incidence of SSNCH, 6-month rebleeding, and survival rates in the two groups as well as EVT technical success and related complications.

Results

Within the 18-month period, 44 SSNCH cases were identified, resulting in an annual incidence of 29.3 cases. In 37/44 cases (84.1%), bleeding was attributed to the antithrombotic therapy. In total, 19/44 patients underwent EVT (43.2%), and 25/44 patients (56.8%) were managed conservatively. Two patients who were initially treated conservatively finally underwent EVT due to rebleeding (7.4%). The technical success of EVT was 100%, while rebleeding occurred in 1 case (5.2%) following lumbar artery embolization and was successfully re-embolized. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1-, 3-, and 6-month survival rates were 68.4%, 63.2%, and 42.1% for group EVT and 87.5%, 75.0%, and 58.3% for group CM, respectively. There were no EVT-related complications.

Conclusions

The annual incidence of SSNCH in our institution is substantial. EVT resulted in uncomplicated, high bleeding control rates. The mortality rate was similarly high following either EVT or conservative treatment and was mainly attributed to severe comorbidities.

Key Points

• This study demonstrates that the incidence of severe spontaneous non-cerebral hemorrhage (SSNCH) in our institution is substantial.
• Endovascular treatment was offered only in patients with clinical signs of ongoing hemorrhage and active bleeding at CT angiography and resulted in effective and uncomplicated, minimal invasive hemostasis, in a population with severe comorbidities.
• This is the first study to evaluate the outcomes of both endovascular hemostasis and conservative management. Rebleeding following either conservative or endovascular treatment was minimal.
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Metadata
Title
Incidence and endovascular treatment of severe spontaneous non-cerebral bleeding: a single-institution experience
Authors
Stavros Spiliopoulos
Georgios Festas
Antonios Theodosis
Konstantinos Palialexis
Lazaros Reppas
Chysostomos Konstantos
Elias Brountzos
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Radiology / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0938-7994
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1084
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5869-1

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