Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 3/2014

01-03-2014 | Review Article

Autophagy, a novel target for chemotherapeutic intervention of thyroid cancer

Authors: Le-chen Li, Guo-dong Liu, Xin-jie Zhang, Yan-bo Li

Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Issue 3/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Thyroid cancers with unsatisfactory curative effect nowadays are the most common malignant tumors of the endocrine system. Apoptosis evasion, a hallmark of cancer, has driven the search of stimulating novel cell death way in cancer therapy. This review aims to explore the relationship between autophagy and thyroid cancer, especially the chemotherapy agents which are based on autophagy in treating thyroid cancers.

Methods

A computerized literature search of MEDLINE was performed using the following search terms: autophagy and thyroid cancer.

Results

Recent studies have found that several chemotherapeutic agents and knockdown of specific microRNA may contribute to autophagic tumor cell death in most thyroid cancer types.

Conclusions

Stimulating autophagy may be an effective alternative treatment to most types of thyroid cancer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Miniño AM, Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochanek KD (2011) Deaths: final data for 2008. Natl Vital Stat Rep 59:1–126PubMed Miniño AM, Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochanek KD (2011) Deaths: final data for 2008. Natl Vital Stat Rep 59:1–126PubMed
6.
go back to reference Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR (1998) A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985–1995. Cancer 83:2638–2648PubMedCrossRef Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR (1998) A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985–1995. Cancer 83:2638–2648PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Matuszczyk A, Petersen S, Bockisch A, Gorges R, Sheu SY, Veit P, Mann K (2008) Chemotherapy with doxorubicin in progressive medullary and thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Horm Metab Res 40:210–213. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1046781 PubMedCrossRef Matuszczyk A, Petersen S, Bockisch A, Gorges R, Sheu SY, Veit P, Mann K (2008) Chemotherapy with doxorubicin in progressive medullary and thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Horm Metab Res 40:210–213. doi:10.​1055/​s-2008-1046781 PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Dralle H, Elisei R, Smit JW, Wiersinga W (2006) European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Eur J Endocrinol 154:787–803PubMedCrossRef Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Dralle H, Elisei R, Smit JW, Wiersinga W (2006) European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Eur J Endocrinol 154:787–803PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Gilliland FD, Hunt WC, Morris DM, Key CR (1997) Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. A population-based study of 15,698 cases from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program 1973–1991. Cancer 79:564–573PubMedCrossRef Gilliland FD, Hunt WC, Morris DM, Key CR (1997) Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma. A population-based study of 15,698 cases from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program 1973–1991. Cancer 79:564–573PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Leboulleux S, Baudin E, Travagli JP, Schlumberger M (2004) Medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol 61:299–310CrossRef Leboulleux S, Baudin E, Travagli JP, Schlumberger M (2004) Medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol 61:299–310CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Buytaert E, Callewaert G, Vandenheede JR, Agostinis P (2006) Deficiency in apoptotic effectors Bax and Bak reveals an autophagic cell death pathway initiated by photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum. Autophagy 2:238–240PubMed Buytaert E, Callewaert G, Vandenheede JR, Agostinis P (2006) Deficiency in apoptotic effectors Bax and Bak reveals an autophagic cell death pathway initiated by photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum. Autophagy 2:238–240PubMed
13.
go back to reference Yeung S-CJ, She M, Yang H, Pan J, Sun L, Chaplin D (2007) Combination chemotherapy including combretastatin A4 phosphate and paclitaxel is effective against anaplastic thyroid cancer in a nude mouse xenograft model. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2902–2909PubMedCrossRef Yeung S-CJ, She M, Yang H, Pan J, Sun L, Chaplin D (2007) Combination chemotherapy including combretastatin A4 phosphate and paclitaxel is effective against anaplastic thyroid cancer in a nude mouse xenograft model. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:2902–2909PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Codogno P, Meijer AJ (2005) Autophagy and signaling: their role in cell survival and cell death. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1509–1518PubMedCrossRef Codogno P, Meijer AJ (2005) Autophagy and signaling: their role in cell survival and cell death. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1509–1518PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Jeffers M, Schmidt L, Nakaigawa N, Webb CP, Weirich G, Kishida T, Zbar B, Vande Woude GF (1997) Activating mutations for the met tyrosine kinase receptor in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:11445–11450PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Jeffers M, Schmidt L, Nakaigawa N, Webb CP, Weirich G, Kishida T, Zbar B, Vande Woude GF (1997) Activating mutations for the met tyrosine kinase receptor in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:11445–11450PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Abraham D, Jackson N, Gundara JS, Zhao J, Gill AJ, Delbridge L, Robinson BG, Sidhu SB (2011) MicroRNA profiling of sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancer identifies predictors of nodal metastasis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res 17:4772–4781. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0242 PubMedCrossRef Abraham D, Jackson N, Gundara JS, Zhao J, Gill AJ, Delbridge L, Robinson BG, Sidhu SB (2011) MicroRNA profiling of sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancer identifies predictors of nodal metastasis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res 17:4772–4781. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-11-0242 PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Anastasia L, Pelissero G, Venerando B, Tettamanti G (2010) Cell reprogramming: expectations and challenges for chemistry in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Cell Death Differ 17:1230–1237. doi:10.1038/cdd.2010.14 PubMedCrossRef Anastasia L, Pelissero G, Venerando B, Tettamanti G (2010) Cell reprogramming: expectations and challenges for chemistry in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Cell Death Differ 17:1230–1237. doi:10.​1038/​cdd.​2010.​14 PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Jemaà M, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Boilève A, Lissa D, Senovilla L, Harper F, Pierron G, Berardinelli F, Antoccia A, Castedo M, Vitale I, Kroemer G (2012) Preferential killing of p53-deficient cancer cells by reversine. Cell Cycle 11:2149–2158. doi:10.4161/cc.20621 PubMedCrossRef Jemaà M, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Boilève A, Lissa D, Senovilla L, Harper F, Pierron G, Berardinelli F, Antoccia A, Castedo M, Vitale I, Kroemer G (2012) Preferential killing of p53-deficient cancer cells by reversine. Cell Cycle 11:2149–2158. doi:10.​4161/​cc.​20621 PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Nikiforov YE (2004) Genetic alterations involved in the transition from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 15:319–327PubMedCrossRef Nikiforov YE (2004) Genetic alterations involved in the transition from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 15:319–327PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Lee YR, Wu WC, Ji WT, Chen JY, Cheng YP, Chiang MK, Chen HR (2012) Reversine suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma via cell cycle arrest and concomitantly apoptosis and autophagy. J Biomed Sci 19:9. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-19-9 PubMedCrossRef Lee YR, Wu WC, Ji WT, Chen JY, Cheng YP, Chiang MK, Chen HR (2012) Reversine suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma via cell cycle arrest and concomitantly apoptosis and autophagy. J Biomed Sci 19:9. doi:10.​1186/​1423-0127-19-9 PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Hua SC, Chang TC, Chen HR, Lu CH, Liu YW, Chen SH, Yu HI, Chang YP, Lee YR (2012) Reversine, a 2,6-disubstituted purine, as an anti-cancer agent in differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Pharm Res 29:1990–2005. doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0727-3 PubMedCrossRef Hua SC, Chang TC, Chen HR, Lu CH, Liu YW, Chen SH, Yu HI, Chang YP, Lee YR (2012) Reversine, a 2,6-disubstituted purine, as an anti-cancer agent in differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Pharm Res 29:1990–2005. doi:10.​1007/​s11095-012-0727-3 PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference D’Alise AM, Amabile G, Iovino M, Di Giorgio FP, Bartiromo M, Sessa F, Villa F, Musacchio A, Cortese R (2008) Reversine, a novel Aurora kinases inhibitor, inhibits colony formation of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 7:1140–1149. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2051 PubMedCrossRef D’Alise AM, Amabile G, Iovino M, Di Giorgio FP, Bartiromo M, Sessa F, Villa F, Musacchio A, Cortese R (2008) Reversine, a novel Aurora kinases inhibitor, inhibits colony formation of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 7:1140–1149. doi:10.​1158/​1535-7163.​MCT-07-2051 PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference McMillin DW, Delmore J, Weisberg E, Negri JM, Geer DC, Klippel S, Mitsiades N, Schlossman RL, Munshi NC, Kung AL, Griffin JD, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Mitsiades CS (2010) Tumor cell-specific bioluminescence platform to identify stroma-induced changes to anticancer drug activity. Nat Med 16:483–489. doi:10.1038/nm.2112 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef McMillin DW, Delmore J, Weisberg E, Negri JM, Geer DC, Klippel S, Mitsiades N, Schlossman RL, Munshi NC, Kung AL, Griffin JD, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Mitsiades CS (2010) Tumor cell-specific bioluminescence platform to identify stroma-induced changes to anticancer drug activity. Nat Med 16:483–489. doi:10.​1038/​nm.​2112 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Elisei R, Cosci B, Romei C, Bottici V, Renzini G, Molinaro E, Agate L, Vivaldi A, Faviana P, Basolo F, Miccoli P, Berti P, Pacini F, Pinchera A (2008) Prognostic significance of somatic RET oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: a 10-year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:682–687PubMedCrossRef Elisei R, Cosci B, Romei C, Bottici V, Renzini G, Molinaro E, Agate L, Vivaldi A, Faviana P, Basolo F, Miccoli P, Berti P, Pacini F, Pinchera A (2008) Prognostic significance of somatic RET oncogene mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: a 10-year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:682–687PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, Iwata J, Murata S, Tanida I, Ezaki J, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, Chiba T (2005) Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol 169:425–434PubMedCrossRef Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, Iwata J, Murata S, Tanida I, Ezaki J, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, Chiba T (2005) Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol 169:425–434PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB (2005) Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439–448PubMedCrossRef Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB (2005) Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439–448PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Ravikumar B, Vacher C, Berger Z, Davies JE, Luo S, Oroz LG, Scaravilli F, Easton DF, Duden R, O’Kane CJ, Rubinsztein DC (2004) Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of poly glutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat Genet 36:585–595PubMedCrossRef Ravikumar B, Vacher C, Berger Z, Davies JE, Luo S, Oroz LG, Scaravilli F, Easton DF, Duden R, O’Kane CJ, Rubinsztein DC (2004) Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of poly glutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease. Nat Genet 36:585–595PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Kanazawa T, Taneike I, Akaishi R, Yoshizawa F, Furuya N, Fujimura S, Kadowaki M (2004) Amino acids and insulin control autophagic proteolysis through different signaling pathways in relation to mTOR in isolated rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 279:8452–8459PubMedCrossRef Kanazawa T, Taneike I, Akaishi R, Yoshizawa F, Furuya N, Fujimura S, Kadowaki M (2004) Amino acids and insulin control autophagic proteolysis through different signaling pathways in relation to mTOR in isolated rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 279:8452–8459PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Suzuki K, Ohsumi Y (2007) Molecular machinery of autophagosome formation in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 581:2156–2161PubMedCrossRef Suzuki K, Ohsumi Y (2007) Molecular machinery of autophagosome formation in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 581:2156–2161PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Rouschop KM, Wouters BG (2009) Regulation of autophagy through multiple independent hypoxic signaling pathways. Curr Mol Med 9:417–424PubMedCrossRef Rouschop KM, Wouters BG (2009) Regulation of autophagy through multiple independent hypoxic signaling pathways. Curr Mol Med 9:417–424PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Crighton D, Wilkinson S, O’Prey J, Syed N, Smith P, Harrison PR, Gasco M, Garrone O, Crook T, Ryan KM (2006) DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell 126:121–134PubMedCrossRef Crighton D, Wilkinson S, O’Prey J, Syed N, Smith P, Harrison PR, Gasco M, Garrone O, Crook T, Ryan KM (2006) DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis. Cell 126:121–134PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD, Levine B (2005) Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell 122:927–939PubMedCrossRef Pattingre S, Tassa A, Qu X, Garuti R, Liang XH, Mizushima N, Packer M, Schneider MD, Levine B (2005) Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Cell 122:927–939PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Feng W, Huang S, Wu H, Zhang M (2007) Molecular basis of Bcl-xL’s target recognition versatility revealed by the structure of Bcl-xL in complex with the BH3 domain of Beclin 1. J Mol Biol 372:223–235PubMedCrossRef Feng W, Huang S, Wu H, Zhang M (2007) Molecular basis of Bcl-xL’s target recognition versatility revealed by the structure of Bcl-xL in complex with the BH3 domain of Beclin 1. J Mol Biol 372:223–235PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Muñoz-Gámez JA, Rodríguez-Vargas JM, Quiles-Pérez R, Aguilar-Quesada R, Martín-Oliva D, de Murcia G, Menissier de Murcia J, Almendros A, Ruiz de Almodóvar M, Oliver FJ (2009) PARP-1 is involved in autophagy induced by DNA damage. Autophagy 5:61–74PubMedCrossRef Muñoz-Gámez JA, Rodríguez-Vargas JM, Quiles-Pérez R, Aguilar-Quesada R, Martín-Oliva D, de Murcia G, Menissier de Murcia J, Almendros A, Ruiz de Almodóvar M, Oliver FJ (2009) PARP-1 is involved in autophagy induced by DNA damage. Autophagy 5:61–74PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Johnson BE, Jackman D, Janne PA (2007) Rationale for a phase I trial of erlotinib and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) for patients with relapsed non small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13:s4628–s4631PubMedCrossRef Johnson BE, Jackman D, Janne PA (2007) Rationale for a phase I trial of erlotinib and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) for patients with relapsed non small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13:s4628–s4631PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Motoyama K, Inoue H, Takatsuno Y, Tanaka F, Mimori K, Uetake H, Sugihara K, Mori M (2009) Over- and under-expressed microRNAs in human colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 34:1069–1075PubMed Motoyama K, Inoue H, Takatsuno Y, Tanaka F, Mimori K, Uetake H, Sugihara K, Mori M (2009) Over- and under-expressed microRNAs in human colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 34:1069–1075PubMed
56.
go back to reference Lin WM, Baker AC, Beroukhim R, Winckler W, Feng W, Marmion JM, Laine E, Greulich H, Tseng H, Gates C, Hodi FS, Dranoff G, Sellers WR, Thomas RK, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Dummer R, Herlyn M, Getz G, Garraway LA (2008) Modeling genomic diversity and tumor dependency in malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 68:664–673. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2615 PubMedCrossRef Lin WM, Baker AC, Beroukhim R, Winckler W, Feng W, Marmion JM, Laine E, Greulich H, Tseng H, Gates C, Hodi FS, Dranoff G, Sellers WR, Thomas RK, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Dummer R, Herlyn M, Getz G, Garraway LA (2008) Modeling genomic diversity and tumor dependency in malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 68:664–673. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​CAN-07-2615 PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Nakahara S, Oka N, Raz A (2005) On the role of galectin-3 in cancer apoptosis. Apoptosis 10:267–275PubMedCrossRef Nakahara S, Oka N, Raz A (2005) On the role of galectin-3 in cancer apoptosis. Apoptosis 10:267–275PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Mizushima N (2005) The pleiotropic role of autophagy: from protein metabolism to bactericide. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1535–1541CrossRef Mizushima N (2005) The pleiotropic role of autophagy: from protein metabolism to bactericide. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1535–1541CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Zeybek ND, Gulcelik NE, Kaymaz FF, Sarisozen C, Vural I, Bodur E, Canpinar H, Usman A, Asan E (2011) Rosuvastatin induces apoptosis in cultured human papillary thyroid cancer cells. J Endocrinol 210:105–115. doi:10.1530/JOE-10-0411 PubMedCrossRef Zeybek ND, Gulcelik NE, Kaymaz FF, Sarisozen C, Vural I, Bodur E, Canpinar H, Usman A, Asan E (2011) Rosuvastatin induces apoptosis in cultured human papillary thyroid cancer cells. J Endocrinol 210:105–115. doi:10.​1530/​JOE-10-0411 PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Scott RC, Juhász G, Neufeld TP (2007) Direct induction of autophagy by Atg1 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptotic cell death. Curr Biol 17:1–11PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Scott RC, Juhász G, Neufeld TP (2007) Direct induction of autophagy by Atg1 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptotic cell death. Curr Biol 17:1–11PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Tsujimoto Y, Shimizu S (2005) Another way to die: autophagic programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1528–1534CrossRef Tsujimoto Y, Shimizu S (2005) Another way to die: autophagic programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1528–1534CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Shi M, Zhang T, Sun L, Luo Y, Liu DH, Xie ST, Song XY, Wang GF, Chen XL, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ (2013) Calpain, Atg5 and Bak play important roles in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy induced by influx of extracellular calcium. Apoptosis 18:435–451. doi:10.1007/s10495-012-0786-2 PubMedCrossRef Shi M, Zhang T, Sun L, Luo Y, Liu DH, Xie ST, Song XY, Wang GF, Chen XL, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ (2013) Calpain, Atg5 and Bak play important roles in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy induced by influx of extracellular calcium. Apoptosis 18:435–451. doi:10.​1007/​s10495-012-0786-2 PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Sarbassov DD, Ali SM, Sabatini DM (2005) Growing roles for the mTOR pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:596–603PubMedCrossRef Sarbassov DD, Ali SM, Sabatini DM (2005) Growing roles for the mTOR pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:596–603PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Chan EY, Kir S, Tooze SA (2007) siRNA screening of the kinome identifies ULK1 as a multidomain modulator of autophagy. J Biol Chem 282:25464–25474PubMedCrossRef Chan EY, Kir S, Tooze SA (2007) siRNA screening of the kinome identifies ULK1 as a multidomain modulator of autophagy. J Biol Chem 282:25464–25474PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Yang PM, Chen CC (2011) Life or death? Autophagy in anticancer therapies with statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Autophagy 7:107–108PubMedCrossRef Yang PM, Chen CC (2011) Life or death? Autophagy in anticancer therapies with statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Autophagy 7:107–108PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A, Kroemer G (2007) Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:741–752PubMedCrossRef Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A, Kroemer G (2007) Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:741–752PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Platini F, Perez-Tomas R, Ambrosio S, Tessitore L (2010) Understanding autophagy in cell death control. Curr Pharm Des 16:101–113PubMedCrossRef Platini F, Perez-Tomas R, Ambrosio S, Tessitore L (2010) Understanding autophagy in cell death control. Curr Pharm Des 16:101–113PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, Levine AJ, Heintz N (2003) Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15077–15082PubMedCrossRef Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, Levine AJ, Heintz N (2003) Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15077–15082PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Takamura A, Komatsu M, Hara T, Sakamoto A, Kishi C, Waguri S, Eishi Y, Hino O, Tanaka K, Mizushima N (2011) Autophagy-deficient mice develop multiple liver tumors. Genes Dev 25:795–800. doi:10.1101/gad.2016211 PubMedCrossRef Takamura A, Komatsu M, Hara T, Sakamoto A, Kishi C, Waguri S, Eishi Y, Hino O, Tanaka K, Mizushima N (2011) Autophagy-deficient mice develop multiple liver tumors. Genes Dev 25:795–800. doi:10.​1101/​gad.​2016211 PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Miracco C, Cevenini G, Franchi A, Luzi P, Cosci E, Mourmouras V, Monciatti I, Mannucci S, Biagioli M, Toscano M, Moretti D, Lio R, Massi D (2010) Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic gene expression in cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Hum Pathol 41:503–512. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.09.004 PubMedCrossRef Miracco C, Cevenini G, Franchi A, Luzi P, Cosci E, Mourmouras V, Monciatti I, Mannucci S, Biagioli M, Toscano M, Moretti D, Lio R, Massi D (2010) Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic gene expression in cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Hum Pathol 41:503–512. doi:10.​1016/​j.​humpath.​2009.​09.​004 PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Mathew R, Kongara S, Beaudoin B, Karp CM, Bray K, Degenhardt K, Chen G, Jin S, White E (2007) Autophagy suppresses tumor progression by limiting chromosomal instability. Genes Dev 21:1367–1381PubMedCrossRef Mathew R, Kongara S, Beaudoin B, Karp CM, Bray K, Degenhardt K, Chen G, Jin S, White E (2007) Autophagy suppresses tumor progression by limiting chromosomal instability. Genes Dev 21:1367–1381PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Degenhardt K, Mathew R, Beaudoin B, Bray K, Anderson D, Chen G, Mukherjee C, Shi Y, Gélinas C, Fan Y, Nelson DA, Jin S, White E (2006) Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 10:51–64PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Degenhardt K, Mathew R, Beaudoin B, Bray K, Anderson D, Chen G, Mukherjee C, Shi Y, Gélinas C, Fan Y, Nelson DA, Jin S, White E (2006) Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 10:51–64PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Tasdemir E, Maiuri MC, Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Djavaheri-Mergny M, D’Amelio M, Criollo A, Morselli E, Zhu C, Harper F, Nannmark U, Samara C, Pinton P, Vicencio JM, Carnuccio R, Moll UM, Madeo F, Paterlini-Brechot P, Rizzuto R, Szabadkai G, Pierron G, Blomgren K, Tavernarakis N, Codogno P, Cecconi F, Kroemer G (2008) Regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic p53. Nat Cell Biol 10:676–687. doi:10.1038/ncb1730 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tasdemir E, Maiuri MC, Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Djavaheri-Mergny M, D’Amelio M, Criollo A, Morselli E, Zhu C, Harper F, Nannmark U, Samara C, Pinton P, Vicencio JM, Carnuccio R, Moll UM, Madeo F, Paterlini-Brechot P, Rizzuto R, Szabadkai G, Pierron G, Blomgren K, Tavernarakis N, Codogno P, Cecconi F, Kroemer G (2008) Regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic p53. Nat Cell Biol 10:676–687. doi:10.​1038/​ncb1730 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Lee SB, Tong SY, Kim JJ, Um SJ, Park JS (2007) Caspase-independent autophagic cytotoxicity in etoposide-treated CaSki cervical carcinoma cells DNA. Cell Biol 26:713–720 Lee SB, Tong SY, Kim JJ, Um SJ, Park JS (2007) Caspase-independent autophagic cytotoxicity in etoposide-treated CaSki cervical carcinoma cells DNA. Cell Biol 26:713–720
97.
go back to reference Mukubou H, Tsujimura T, Sasaki R, Ku Y (2010) The role of autophagy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine and ionizing radiation. Int J Oncol 37:821–828PubMed Mukubou H, Tsujimura T, Sasaki R, Ku Y (2010) The role of autophagy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine and ionizing radiation. Int J Oncol 37:821–828PubMed
98.
go back to reference Shingu T, Fujiwara K, Bögler O, Akiyama Y, Moritake K, Shinojima N, Tamada Y, Yokoyama T, Kondo S (2009) Stage-specific effect of inhibition of autophagy on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Autophagy 5:537–539PubMedCrossRef Shingu T, Fujiwara K, Bögler O, Akiyama Y, Moritake K, Shinojima N, Tamada Y, Yokoyama T, Kondo S (2009) Stage-specific effect of inhibition of autophagy on chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Autophagy 5:537–539PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Autophagy, a novel target for chemotherapeutic intervention of thyroid cancer
Authors
Le-chen Li
Guo-dong Liu
Xin-jie Zhang
Yan-bo Li
Publication date
01-03-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Issue 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-013-2363-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2014

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 3/2014 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine