Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology
Published in: CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 5/2018

01-05-2018 | Review

Utility of Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Systematic Literature Review and Analysis of the Reasons for Nonretrieval of Filters with Temporary Indications

Authors: Zhongzhi Jia, Tyler A. Fuller, J. Mark McKinney, Ricardo Paz-Fumagalli, Gregory T. Frey, David M. Sella, Thuong Van Ha, Weiping Wang

Published in: CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology | Issue 5/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the use of retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in the current practice and analyze the causes of filter left in situ despite initial plans for retrieval.

Methods

A systematic search of all English-language studies of retrievable IVC filters was conducted, including clinical trials and observational studies published between January 1984 and March 2016.

Results

A total of 103 studies were identified, including 10 filter models in 20,319 patients. Placement indications were reported for 11,128 (54.8%) patients, including therapeutic (n = 6270; 56.3%) and prophylactic (n = 4858; 43.7%) indications. A total of 13,224 (65.1%) filters were left as permanent devices; 7095 (34.9%) filters were removed. The reasons for filter nonretrieval among the 5308 (40.1%) reported cases were primary permanent indication (21.2%; 1127/5308), death (19.4%; 1031/5308), ongoing pulmonary embolism (PE) protection (19.0%; 1011/5308), failed retrieval (13.7%; 725/5308), loss to follow-up (13.0%; 689/5308), discontinued care (4.4%; 235/5308), physician oversight (4.0%; 213/5308), patient morbidity (2.8%; 149/5308), and patient refusal (2.4%; 128/5308). A total of 7820 patients presented for filter retrieval, and 7095 filters (90.7%) were successfully removed, with a mean indwelling time of 106.6 ± 47.3 days. Breakthrough PE was reported in 2.1% (191/9169) of patients. Filter tilt, recurrent deep vein thrombosis, penetration, IVC thrombosis, migration, and fracture occurred in 7.7% (798/10,348), 7.1% (362/5092), 5.4% (379/7001), 3.9% (345/8788), 1.4% (160/11,679), and 0.5% (50/9509) of patients, respectively.

Conclusions

Approximately two-thirds of retrievable filters were not retrieved even though more than 85% of the filters were initially intended for temporary use. The major reasons for filter left in situ despite initial plans for retrieval were death, need for ongoing PE protection, failed retrieval, loss to follow-up, discontinued care, and physician oversight.
Literature
1.
Grassi C, Swan T, Cardella J, Meranze S, Oglevie S, Omary R, Roberts A, Sacks D, Silverstein M, Towbin R. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous permanent inferior vena cava filter placement for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12:137–41.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Angel LF, Tapson V, Galgon RE, Restrepo MI, Kaufman J. Systematic review of the use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22:1522–30.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Malgor RD, Labropoulos N. A systematic review of symptomatic duodenal perforation by inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55:856–61.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Caplin DM, Nikolic B, Kalva SP, Ganguli S, Saad WE, Zuckerman DA, Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice C. Quality improvement guidelines for the performance of inferior vena cava filter placement for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22:1499–506.PubMed
5.
Molvar C. Inferior vena cava filtration in the management of venous thromboembolism: filtering the data. Semin Interv Radiol. 2012;29:204–17.CrossRef
6.
Yunus TE, Tariq N, Callahan RE, Niemeyer DJ, Brown OW, Zelenock GB, Shanley CJ. Changes in inferior vena cava filter placement over the past decade at a large community-based academic health center. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47:157–65.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Prisma G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the prisma statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Morales JP, Li X, Irony TZ, Ibrahim NG, Moynahan M, Cavanaugh KJ. Decision analysis of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in patients without pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2013;1:376–84.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Tsui B, An T, Moon E, King R, Wang W. Retrospective review of 516 implantations of option inferior vena cava filters at a single health care system. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016;27:345–53.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zhu X, Tam MD, Bartholomew J, Newman JS, Sands MJ, Wang W. Retrievability and device-related complications of the G2 filter: a retrospective study of 139 filter retrievals. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22:806–12.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Ray CE Jr, Mitchell E, Zipser S, Kao EY, Brown CF, Moneta GL. Outcomes with retrievable inferior vena cava filters: a multicenter study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006;17:1595–604.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Charles HW, Black M, Kovacs S, Gohari A, Arampulikan J, McCann JW, Clark TW, Bashar M, Steiger D. G2 inferior vena cava filter: retrievability and safety. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20:1046–51.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Decousus H, Leizorovicz A, Parent F, Page Y, Tardy B, Girard P, Laporte S, Faivre R, Charbonnier B, Barral FG, Huet Y, Simonneau G. A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:409–15.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Jia Z, Wu A, Tam M, Spain J, McKinney JM, Wang W. Caval penetration by inferior vena cava filters: a systematic literature review of clinical significance and management. Circulation. 2015;132:944–52.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Darcy MD, Cardella JF, Hunter DW, Smith TP, Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Lund G, Amplatz K. Experience with the amplatz retrievable vena caval filter. Work in progress. Radiology. 1986;161:611–4.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Lee MJ, Valenti D, de Gregorio MA, Minocha J, Rimon U, Pellerin O. The cirse retrievable ivc filter registry: retrieval success rates in practice. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2015;38:1502–7.CrossRef
17.
Hammond CJ, Bakshi DR, Currie RJ, Patel JV, Kinsella D, McWilliams RG, Watkinson A, Nicholson AA. Audit of the use of IVC filters in the UK: experience from three centres over 12 years. Clin Radiol. 2009;64:502–10.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Peterson EA, Yenson PR, Liu D, Lee AY. Predictors of attempted inferior vena cava filters retrieval in a tertiary care centre. Thromb Res. 2014;134:300–4.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Mansour A, Ismael Y, Abdel-Razeq H. Inferior vena cava filters in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2014;7:136–41.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Mahrer A, Zippel D, Garniek A, Golan G, Bensaid P, Simon D, Rimon U. Retrievable vena cava filters in major trauma patients: prevalence of thrombus within the filter. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2008;31:785–9.CrossRef
21.
Durack JC, Westphalen AC, Kekulawela S, Bhanu SB, Avrin DE, Gordon RL, Kerlan RK. Perforation of the IVC: rule rather than exception after longer indwelling times for the gunther tulip and celect retrievable filters. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2012;35:299–308.CrossRef
22.
Wang W, Zhou D, Obuchowski N, Spain J, An T. Fracture and migration of celect inferior vena cava filters: a retrospective review of 741 consecutive implantations. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24:1719–22.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Hull JE, Robertson SW. Bard recovery filter: evaluation and management of vena cava limb perforation, fracture, and migration. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20:52–60.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Sutphin PD, Reis SP, McKune A, Ravanzo M, Kalva SP, Pillai AK. Improving inferior vena cava filter retrieval rates with the define, measure, analyze, improve, control methodology. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26:491–8.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Stoneburner Jr CGR, McKinney B, Wang W, Sella D, Paz-Fumagalli R, Frey G, Starke L, Gregory D, McKinney J. Implementing a system for inferior vena cava filter follow-up and retrieval: a quality improvement approach. In: The International symposium on endovascular therapy (ISET); 2016, p. 6–10.
26.
Minocha J, Idakoji I, Riaz A, Karp J, Gupta R, Chrisman HB, Salem R, Ryu RK, Lewandowski RJ. Improving inferior vena cava filter retrieval rates: impact of a dedicated inferior vena cava filter clinic. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21:1847–51.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zhou D, Spain J, Moon E, McLennan G, Sands MJ, Wang W. Retrospective review of 120 celect inferior vena cava filter retrievals: experience at a single institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23:1557–63.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Scher D, Venbrux A, Okapal K, Gabriel G, Dufour R, Chun A, Sarin S, Akman A. Retrieval of trapease and optease inferior vena cava filters with extended dwell times. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26:1519–25.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Kuo WT, Odegaard JI, Rosenberg JK, Hofmann LV. Excimer laser-assisted removal of embedded inferior vena cava filters: a single-center prospective study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:560–6.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Kuo WT, Cupp JS, Louie JD, Kothary N, Hofmann LV, Sze DY, Hovsepian DM. Complex retrieval of embedded ivc filters: alternative techniques and histologic tissue analysis. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 2012;35:588–97.CrossRef
31.
Teo TKB, Angle JF, Shipp JI, Bluett MK, Gilliland CA, Turba UC, Matsumoto AH. Incidence and management of inferior vena cava filter thrombus detected at time of filter retrieval. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011;22:1514–20.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Metadata
Title
Utility of Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Systematic Literature Review and Analysis of the Reasons for Nonretrieval of Filters with Temporary Indications
Authors
Zhongzhi Jia
Tyler A. Fuller
J. Mark McKinney
Ricardo Paz-Fumagalli
Gregory T. Frey
David M. Sella
Thuong Van Ha
Weiping Wang
Publication date
01-05-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology / Issue 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0174-1551
Electronic ISSN: 1432-086X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1880-9

Other articles of this Issue 5/2018

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 5/2018 Go to the issue

Editorial

The Female Threat

Letter to the Editor

Regarding “Endovascular Stent-Graft Repair of Spontaneous Isolated Dissection of the Superior Mesenteric Artery”

Clinical Investigation

Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke on Anticoagulation Therapy

Clinical Investigation

Safety and Effectiveness of Palliative Tunneled Peritoneal Drainage Catheters in the Management of Refractory Malignant and Non-malignant Ascites

Clinical Investigation

Comparison of Covered Versus Uncovered Stents for Benign Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Obstruction

Clinical Investigation

Prognostic Factors in Overall Survival of Patients with Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Treated by Means of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Results in Therapy-Naïve Patients