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World Journal of Surgery
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 10/2016

01-10-2016 | Scientific Review

Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations

Authors: Emmanuel Melloul, Martin Hübner, Michael Scott, Chris Snowden, James Prentis, Cornelis H. C. Dejong, O. James Garden, Olivier Farges, Norihiro Kokudo, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 10/2016

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Abstract

Background

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal pathway developed to overcome the deleterious effect of perioperative stress after major surgery. In colorectal surgery, ERAS pathways reduced perioperative morbidity, hospital stay and costs. Similar concept should be applied for liver surgery. This study presents the specific ERAS Society recommendations for liver surgery based on the best available evidence and on expert consensus.

Methods

A systematic review was performed on ERAS for liver surgery by searching EMBASE and Medline. Five independent reviewers selected relevant articles. Quality of randomized trials was assessed according to the Jadad score and CONSORT statement. The level of evidence for each item was determined using the GRADE system. The Delphi method was used to validate the final recommendations.

Results

A total of 157 full texts were screened. Thirty-seven articles were included in the systematic review, and 16 of the 23 standard ERAS items were studied specifically for liver surgery. Consensus was reached among experts after 3 rounds. Prophylactic nasogastric intubation and prophylactic abdominal drainage should be omitted. The use of postoperative oral laxatives and minimally invasive surgery results in a quicker bowel recovery and shorter hospital stay. Goal-directed fluid therapy with maintenance of a low intraoperative central venous pressure induces faster recovery. Early oral intake and mobilization are recommended. There is no evidence to prefer epidural to other types of analgesia.

Conclusions

The current ERAS recommendations were elaborated based on the best available evidence and endorsed by the Delphi method. Nevertheless, prospective studies need to confirm the clinical use of the suggested protocol.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations
Authors
Emmanuel Melloul
Martin Hübner
Michael Scott
Chris Snowden
James Prentis
Cornelis H. C. Dejong
O. James Garden
Olivier Farges
Norihiro Kokudo
Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
Pierre-Alain Clavien
Nicolas Demartines
Publication date
01-10-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 10/2016
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-016-3700-1

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