Skip to main content
Top
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 3/2015

01-03-2015 | Surgical Symposium Contribution

Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Dysplastic Barrett’s Esophagus

Authors: Sheraz R. Markar, George Hanna

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 3/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

A substantial portion of patients diagnosed preoperatively with high grade dysplasia (HGD) alone will have occult esophageal adenocarcinoma on analysis of the surgical specimen. Therefore, because of an increased risk of disease progression and malignancy, patients with HGD should be referred for esophagectomy promptly when endoscopic therapy has failed. The required extent of lymphadenectomy in this cohort of patients is unknown because of the variable incidence of submucosal cancer observed. Improvements in perioperative care, adoption of a minimally invasive surgical approach, and centralization of esophageal cancer services have substantially reduced the rates of mortality and morbidity associated with esophagectomy in recent years. Minimally invasive esophagectomy should be considered the treatment of choice in patients with dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus that is refractory to endoscopic therapy or those at high risk of invasive cancer.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Simard EP, Ward EM, Siegel R et al (2012) Cancers with increasing incidence trends in the United States: 1999 through 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 62:118–129CrossRefPubMed Simard EP, Ward EM, Siegel R et al (2012) Cancers with increasing incidence trends in the United States: 1999 through 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 62:118–129CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Nyren O (1999) Association between body mass and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Ann Intern Med 130:883–890CrossRefPubMed Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Nyren O (1999) Association between body mass and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Ann Intern Med 130:883–890CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A et al (1999) Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 340:825–831CrossRefPubMed Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A et al (1999) Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 340:825–831CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Reid BJ, Haggitt RC, Rubin CE et al (1988) Observer variation in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Hum Pathol 19:166–178CrossRefPubMed Reid BJ, Haggitt RC, Rubin CE et al (1988) Observer variation in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Hum Pathol 19:166–178CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Rastogi A, Puli S, El-Serag HB et al (2008) Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 67:394–398CrossRefPubMed Rastogi A, Puli S, El-Serag HB et al (2008) Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 67:394–398CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Downs-Kelly E, Mendelin JE, Bennett AE et al (2008) Poor interobserver agreement in the distinction of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in pretreatment Barrett’s esophagus biopsies. Am J Gastroenterol 103:2333–2340CrossRefPubMed Downs-Kelly E, Mendelin JE, Bennett AE et al (2008) Poor interobserver agreement in the distinction of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in pretreatment Barrett’s esophagus biopsies. Am J Gastroenterol 103:2333–2340CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J et al (2012) Consensus statements for management of Barrett’s dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology 143:336–346CrossRefPubMed Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J et al (2012) Consensus statements for management of Barrett’s dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology 143:336–346CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Overholt BF, Lightdale CJ, Wang KK et al (2005) Photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium for ablation of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: international, partially blinded, randomized phase III trial. Gastrointest Endosc 62:488–498CrossRefPubMed Overholt BF, Lightdale CJ, Wang KK et al (2005) Photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium for ablation of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: international, partially blinded, randomized phase III trial. Gastrointest Endosc 62:488–498CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Shaheen NH, Sharma P, Overholt BF et al (2009) Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med 360:2277–2288CrossRefPubMed Shaheen NH, Sharma P, Overholt BF et al (2009) Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med 360:2277–2288CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Wu J, Pan YM, Wang TT et al (2014) Endotherapy versus surgery for early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 79:233–241CrossRefPubMed Wu J, Pan YM, Wang TT et al (2014) Endotherapy versus surgery for early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 79:233–241CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Varghese TK Jr, Wood DE, Farjah F et al (2011) Variation in esophagectomy outcomes in hospitals meeting Leapfrog volume outcome standards. Ann Thorac Surg 91:1003–1009CrossRefPubMed Varghese TK Jr, Wood DE, Farjah F et al (2011) Variation in esophagectomy outcomes in hospitals meeting Leapfrog volume outcome standards. Ann Thorac Surg 91:1003–1009CrossRefPubMed
13.
14.
go back to reference Briez N, Piessen G, Torres F et al (2012) Effects of hybrid minimally invasive oesophagectomy on major postoperative pulmonary complications. Br J Surg 99:1547–1553CrossRefPubMed Briez N, Piessen G, Torres F et al (2012) Effects of hybrid minimally invasive oesophagectomy on major postoperative pulmonary complications. Br J Surg 99:1547–1553CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Biere SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Maas KW et al (2012) Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 379:1887–1892CrossRefPubMed Biere SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Maas KW et al (2012) Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 379:1887–1892CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Ancona E, Rampado S, Cassaro M et al (2008) Prediction of lymph node status is superficial esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15:3278–3288CrossRefPubMed Ancona E, Rampado S, Cassaro M et al (2008) Prediction of lymph node status is superficial esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15:3278–3288CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Lorenz D, Origer J, Pauthner M et al (2014) Prognostic risk factors of early esophageal adenocarcinomas. Ann Surg 259:469–476CrossRefPubMed Lorenz D, Origer J, Pauthner M et al (2014) Prognostic risk factors of early esophageal adenocarcinomas. Ann Surg 259:469–476CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Leers JM, DeMeester SR, Oezcelik A et al (2011) The prevalence of lymph node metastases in patients with T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma a retrospective review of esophagectomy specimens. Ann Surg 253:271–278CrossRefPubMed Leers JM, DeMeester SR, Oezcelik A et al (2011) The prevalence of lymph node metastases in patients with T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma a retrospective review of esophagectomy specimens. Ann Surg 253:271–278CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Liu L, Hofstetter W, Rashid A et al (2005) Significance of the depth of tumor invasion in early (T1) esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 29:1079–1085PubMed Liu L, Hofstetter W, Rashid A et al (2005) Significance of the depth of tumor invasion in early (T1) esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 29:1079–1085PubMed
20.
go back to reference Bergergon EJ, Lin J, Chang AC et al (2014) Endoscopic ultrasound is inadequate to determine which T1/T2 esophageal tumors are candidates for endoluminal therapies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 147:765–773CrossRef Bergergon EJ, Lin J, Chang AC et al (2014) Endoscopic ultrasound is inadequate to determine which T1/T2 esophageal tumors are candidates for endoluminal therapies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 147:765–773CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Konda VJ, Ross AS, Ferguson MK et al (2008) Is the risk of concomitant invasive esophageal cancer in high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus overestimated? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:159–164CrossRefPubMed Konda VJ, Ross AS, Ferguson MK et al (2008) Is the risk of concomitant invasive esophageal cancer in high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus overestimated? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:159–164CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Buttar NS, Wang KK, Sebo TJ et al (2001) Extent of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus correlates with risk of adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 120:1630–1639CrossRefPubMed Buttar NS, Wang KK, Sebo TJ et al (2001) Extent of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus correlates with risk of adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 120:1630–1639CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Konda VJ, Ferguson MK (2010) Esophageal resection for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma: when and how? World J Gastroenterol 16:3786–3792CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Konda VJ, Ferguson MK (2010) Esophageal resection for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma: when and how? World J Gastroenterol 16:3786–3792CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Hunt BM, Louie BE, Dunst CM et al (2014) Esophagectomy for failed endoscopic therapy in patients with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 27:362–367CrossRefPubMed Hunt BM, Louie BE, Dunst CM et al (2014) Esophagectomy for failed endoscopic therapy in patients with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 27:362–367CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Hulscher JB, Tijssen JG, Obertop H et al (2001) Transthoracic versus transhiatal resection for carcinoma of the esophagus: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 72:306–313CrossRefPubMed Hulscher JB, Tijssen JG, Obertop H et al (2001) Transthoracic versus transhiatal resection for carcinoma of the esophagus: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 72:306–313CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Chang AC, Ji H, Birkmeyer NJ et al (2008) Outcomes after transhiatal and transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 85:424–429CrossRefPubMed Chang AC, Ji H, Birkmeyer NJ et al (2008) Outcomes after transhiatal and transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 85:424–429CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Dar MS, Goldblum JR, Rice TW et al (2003) Can extent of high grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus predict the presence of adenocarcinoma in oesophagectomy? Gut 52:486–489CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dar MS, Goldblum JR, Rice TW et al (2003) Can extent of high grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus predict the presence of adenocarcinoma in oesophagectomy? Gut 52:486–489CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Fernando HC, Luketich JD, Buenaventura PO et al (2002) Outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for high-grade dysplasia of the esophagus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22:1–6CrossRefPubMed Fernando HC, Luketich JD, Buenaventura PO et al (2002) Outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for high-grade dysplasia of the esophagus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22:1–6CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Kariv R, Plesec TP, Goldblum JR et al (2009) The Seattle protocol does not more reliably predict the detection of cancer at the time of esophagectomy than a less intensive surveillance protocol. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:653–658CrossRefPubMed Kariv R, Plesec TP, Goldblum JR et al (2009) The Seattle protocol does not more reliably predict the detection of cancer at the time of esophagectomy than a less intensive surveillance protocol. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:653–658CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Mirnezami R, Rohatgi A, Sutcliffe RP et al (2009) Transhiatal oesophagectomy: treatment of choice for high-grade dysplasia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 36:364–367CrossRefPubMed Mirnezami R, Rohatgi A, Sutcliffe RP et al (2009) Transhiatal oesophagectomy: treatment of choice for high-grade dysplasia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 36:364–367CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Prasad GA, Buttar NS, Wongkeesong LM et al (2007) Significance of neoplastic involvement of margins obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2380–2386CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Prasad GA, Buttar NS, Wongkeesong LM et al (2007) Significance of neoplastic involvement of margins obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 102:2380–2386CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Romagnoli R, Collard JM, Gutschow C et al (2003) Outcomes of dysplasia arising in Barrett’s esophagus: a dynamic view. J Am Coll Surg 197:365–371CrossRefPubMed Romagnoli R, Collard JM, Gutschow C et al (2003) Outcomes of dysplasia arising in Barrett’s esophagus: a dynamic view. J Am Coll Surg 197:365–371CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Reed MR, Tolis G Jr, Edil BH et al (2005) Surgical treatment of esophageal high-grade dysplasia. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1110–1115CrossRefPubMed Reed MR, Tolis G Jr, Edil BH et al (2005) Surgical treatment of esophageal high-grade dysplasia. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1110–1115CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Rice TW, Blackstone EH, Goldblum JR et al (2001) Superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc 122:1077–1090CrossRef Rice TW, Blackstone EH, Goldblum JR et al (2001) Superficial adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc 122:1077–1090CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Sujendran V, Sica G, Warren B et al (2005) Oesophagectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 28:763–766CrossRefPubMed Sujendran V, Sica G, Warren B et al (2005) Oesophagectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 28:763–766CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Thomson BN, Cade RJ (2003) Oesophagectomy for early adenocarcinoma and dysplasia arising in Barrett’s oesophagus. ANZ J Surg 73:121–124CrossRefPubMed Thomson BN, Cade RJ (2003) Oesophagectomy for early adenocarcinoma and dysplasia arising in Barrett’s oesophagus. ANZ J Surg 73:121–124CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Tseng EE, Wu TT, Yeo CJ et al (2003) Barrett’s esophagus with high grade dysplasia: surgical results and long-term outcome–an update. J Gastrointest Surg 7:164–171CrossRefPubMed Tseng EE, Wu TT, Yeo CJ et al (2003) Barrett’s esophagus with high grade dysplasia: surgical results and long-term outcome–an update. J Gastrointest Surg 7:164–171CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Wang VS, Hornick JL, Sepulveda JA et al (2009) Low prevalence of submucosal invasive carcinoma at esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus: a 20-year experience. Gastrointest Endosc 69:777–783CrossRefPubMed Wang VS, Hornick JL, Sepulveda JA et al (2009) Low prevalence of submucosal invasive carcinoma at esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus: a 20-year experience. Gastrointest Endosc 69:777–783CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Waxman I, Raju GS, Critchlow J et al (2006) High-frequency probe ultrasonography has limited accuracy for detecting invasive adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1773–1779CrossRefPubMed Waxman I, Raju GS, Critchlow J et al (2006) High-frequency probe ultrasonography has limited accuracy for detecting invasive adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol 101:1773–1779CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Williams VA, Watson TJ, Herbella FA et al (2007) Esophagectomy for high grade dysplasia is safe, curative and results in good alimentary outcome. J Gastrointest Surg 11:1589–1597CrossRefPubMed Williams VA, Watson TJ, Herbella FA et al (2007) Esophagectomy for high grade dysplasia is safe, curative and results in good alimentary outcome. J Gastrointest Surg 11:1589–1597CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Zaninotto G, Parenti AR, Ruol A et al (2000) Oesophageal resection for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Br J Surg 87:1102–1105CrossRefPubMed Zaninotto G, Parenti AR, Ruol A et al (2000) Oesophageal resection for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Br J Surg 87:1102–1105CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Holscher AH, Bollscweiller E (2014) Frequency of lymph node metastasis in submucosal esophageal cancer (letter). Ann Surg 259:e84CrossRefPubMed Holscher AH, Bollscweiller E (2014) Frequency of lymph node metastasis in submucosal esophageal cancer (letter). Ann Surg 259:e84CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Mamidanna R, Bottle A, Aylin P et al (2012) Short-term outcomes following open versus minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer in England: a population-based national study. Ann Surg 255:197–203CrossRefPubMed Mamidanna R, Bottle A, Aylin P et al (2012) Short-term outcomes following open versus minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer in England: a population-based national study. Ann Surg 255:197–203CrossRefPubMed
45.
46.
go back to reference Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A, Thrumurthy S et al (2012) Volume-outcome relationship in surgery for esophageal malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis 2000–2011. J Gastrointest Surg 16:1055–1063CrossRefPubMed Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A, Thrumurthy S et al (2012) Volume-outcome relationship in surgery for esophageal malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis 2000–2011. J Gastrointest Surg 16:1055–1063CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Nguyen NT, Schauer P, Luketich JD (2000) Minimally invasive esophagectomy for Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Surgery 127:284–290CrossRefPubMed Nguyen NT, Schauer P, Luketich JD (2000) Minimally invasive esophagectomy for Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Surgery 127:284–290CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Perry KA, Enestvedt CK, Pham T et al (2009) Comparison of laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy and open transhiatal esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia and stage I esophageal adenocarcinoma. Arch Surg 144:679–684CrossRefPubMed Perry KA, Enestvedt CK, Pham T et al (2009) Comparison of laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy and open transhiatal esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia and stage I esophageal adenocarcinoma. Arch Surg 144:679–684CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Boshier PR, Anderson O, Hanna GB (2011) Transthoracic versus transhiatal esophagectomy for the treatment of esophagogastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 254:894–906CrossRefPubMed Boshier PR, Anderson O, Hanna GB (2011) Transthoracic versus transhiatal esophagectomy for the treatment of esophagogastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 254:894–906CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Jacobs M, Macefield RC, Elbers RG et al (2013) Meta-analysis shows clinically relevant and long-lasting deterioration in health-related quality of life after esophageal cancer surgery. Qual Life Res 23:1097–1115CrossRefPubMed Jacobs M, Macefield RC, Elbers RG et al (2013) Meta-analysis shows clinically relevant and long-lasting deterioration in health-related quality of life after esophageal cancer surgery. Qual Life Res 23:1097–1115CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Sundaram A, Geronimo JC, Willer BL et al (2012) Survival and quality of life after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a single-surgeon experience. Surg Endosc 26:168–176CrossRefPubMed Sundaram A, Geronimo JC, Willer BL et al (2012) Survival and quality of life after minimally invasive esophagectomy: a single-surgeon experience. Surg Endosc 26:168–176CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Parameswaran R, Blazeby JM, Hughes R et al (2010) Health-related quality of life after minimally invasive oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 97:525–531CrossRefPubMed Parameswaran R, Blazeby JM, Hughes R et al (2010) Health-related quality of life after minimally invasive oesophagectomy. Br J Surg 97:525–531CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Dysplastic Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors
Sheraz R. Markar
George Hanna
Publication date
01-03-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2746-1

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

World Journal of Surgery 3/2015 Go to the issue