Published in:
01-12-2018 | Original Article
A Nipple–Areolar Complex Reconstruction in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Using a Local Flap and Full-Thickness Skin Graft
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 6/2018
Login to get accessAbstract
Introduction
Nipple–areolar complex reconstruction is the final step of the reconstructive procedure in breast cancer patients. Nowadays, a combination of a local flap for nipple reconstruction and skin grafting or tattooing for areola reconstruction is deemed a first choice. In this paper, we are combining the techniques of local flap and full-thickness skin graft from the upper inner thigh for simultaneous reconstruction of the nipple and areola.
Patients and Methods
From January, 2016 to December, 2017, 23 female patients with an absent unilateral nipple–areolar complex due to post-oncological mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction were subjects of the study. On an out-patient clinic basis, the percentage of the nipple projection loss was calculated at the intervals of 3 , 6 and 12 months postoperatively. At the final visit, the patient’s subjective satisfaction on the reconstructed areola compared to the normal contralateral side was evaluated using a visual analogue scale.
Results
Over the course of time, the mean nipple projection loss was 20.16 ± 12.88, 31.78 ± 11.63 and 34.69 ± 12.01% at 3 , 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Patients’ overall satisfaction on the grafted areola was as follows; the largest number of patients (8 patients) had a ‘good’ satisfaction 12-months postoperatively. Out of 21 patients, those who considered the result to be ‘poor’ and ‘disappointing’ each accounted for 1 and 3 patients.
Conclusion
The combination of nipple–areolar complex reconstruction technique introduced in this study has proven to be a safe and efficacious alternative in patients with implant-based reconstruction requiring small- to medium-sized nipple projection, especially when the skin envelope is too tight for a local flap only.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.